A. Atmore and S, Marks. ‘The Imperial Factor in South Africa in the Nineteenth Century: Towards a Reassessment’. Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 3.1 (1974): n. pag. Web.
A. G. Ford. ‘Argentina and the Baring Crisis of 1890’. Oxford Economic Papers 8.2 (1956): 127–150. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2661728>.
---. ‘British Investment and Argentine Economic Development, 1880-1914’. Argentina in the Twentieth Century. London: Duckworth, 1975. Print.
A. G. Hopkins. ‘Accounting for the British Empire’. The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history 16.2 (1988): n. pag. Web.
---. ‘Economic Imperialism in West Africa: Lagos, 1880-92’. The Economic History Review 21.3 (1968): 580–606. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592752>.
---. ‘Informal Empire in Argentina: An Alternative View’. Journal of Latin American Studies 26.2 (1994): 469–484. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/157952>.
---. ‘The Victorians and Africa: A Reconsideration of the Occupation of Egypt, 1882’. The Journal of African History 27.2 (1986): 363–391. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/181140>.
A. Porter. ‘"Gentlemanly Capitalism” and Empire. The British Experience since 1750?’ The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history 18 (1990): 265–295. Web.
A. R. Dilley. ‘The Economics of Empire’. The British Empire: Themes and Perspectives. Oxford: Blackwell, 2008. Print.
Abel, Christopher and Lewis, Colin M. Latin America, Economic Imperialism and the State: The Political Economy of the External Connection from Independence to the Present. Monographs / University of London, Institute of Latin American Studies. London: Athlone Press, 1985. Print.
Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid-Marsot. ‘The British Occupation of Egypt from 1882’. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665937620002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.
A.G. Chandavarkar. ‘Money and Credit (1858–1947)’. The Cambridge Economic History of India: Vol. 2: C. 1757-c. 1970. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521228022>.
Alan Knight. ‘Britain and Latin America’. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4962657>.
Alexander Schölch. ‘The “Men on the Spot” and the English Occupation of Egypt in 1882’. The Historical Journal 19.3 (1976): 773–785. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2638229>.
Alford, B. W. E. Britain in the World Economy since 1880. Social and economic history of England. London: Longman, 1996. Print.
Allett, John. New Liberalism: The Political Economy of J.A. Hobson. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1981. Print.
Andrew Porter. ‘The Balance Sheet of Empire, 1850-1914’. The Historical Journal 31.3 (1988): 685–699. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2639763>.
---. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?pq-origsite=primo&docID=886621>.
---. ‘The South African War (1899-1902): Context and Motive Reconsidered’. The Journal of African History 31.1 (1990): 43–57. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/182800>.
Andrew S. Thompson. ‘Tariff Reform: An Imperial Strategy, 1903-1913’. The Historical Journal 40.4 (1997): 1033–1054. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2640133>.
Andrew Smith. ‘The Reaction of the City of London to the Quebec Resolutions, 1864-1866’. Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 17 (2006): n. pag. Web. <http://www.erudit.org/revue/jcha/2006/v17/n1/016100ar.pdf>.
Andrew Thompson. ‘Informal Empire? An Exploration in the History of Anglo-Argentine Relations, 1810-1914’. Journal of Latin American Studies 24.2 (1992): 419–436. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/157073>.
Anthony Webster. ‘The Political Economy of Trade Liberalization: The East India Company Charter Act of 1813’. The Economic History Review 43.3 (1990): 404–419. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2596940>.
Atkins, Richard A. ‘The Origins of the Anglo-French Condominium in Egypt; 1875-1876’. The Historian 36.2 (1974): n. pag. Web. <http://search.proquest.com/pao/docview/1296506023/141B2234C92EC6A627/1?accountid=7420>.
Attard, Bernard. ‘Bridgeheads, “Colonial Places” and the Queensland Financial Crisis of 1866’. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 41.1 (2013): 11–36. Web.
---. ‘From Free-Trade Imperialism to Structural Power: New Zealand and the Capital Market, 1856–68’. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 35.4 (2007): 505–527. Web.
---. ‘Making the Colonial State: Development, Debt and Warfard in New Zealand, 1853-76’. Australian Economic History Review 52.2 (2012): 101–127. Web.
Avner Ofer. ‘Cost and Benefits, Prosperity and Security, 1870-1914’. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664680890002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.
Avner Offer. ‘The British Empire, 1870-1914: A Waste of Money?’ The Economic History Review 46.2 (1993): 215–238. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2598015>.
B. M. Ratcliffe. ‘Commerce and Empire: Manchester Merchants and West Africa, 1873-1895’. The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history 7 (1979): n. pag. Print.
B. R. Tomlinson. ‘Economics and Empire: The Periphery and the Imperial Economy’. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?pq-origsite=primo&amp;docID=886621>.
Ballantyne, Tony, and Antoinette M. Burton. Empires and the Reach of the Global, 1870-1945. Cambridge, Mass: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2012. Print.
Bernard Attard. ‘Wakefieldian Investment and the Birth of New Societies, c. 1830 to 1930’. Settler Economies in World History. Ed. Christopher Lloyd, Jacob Metzer, and Richard Sutch. Leiden: Brill, 2013. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1112246>.
Bernard Semmel. ‘The Philosophic Radicals and Colonialism’. The Journal of Economic History 21.4 (1961): 513–525. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2114415>.
---. ‘The Wakefield Program for Middle-Class Empire’. The Rise of Free Trade Imperialism: Classical Political Economy, the Empire of Free Trade and Imperialism, 1750-1850. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1961. Print.
Bethell, Leslie. The Cambridge History of Latin America: Vol. 3: From Independence to c. 1870. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521232241>.
---. The Cambridge History of Latin America: Vol. 4: C. 1870 to 1930. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521232258>.
---. The Cambridge History of Latin America: Vol. 5: C1870-1930. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521245173>.
Bridge, Carl, and Kent Fedorowich. ‘Mapping the British World’. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 31.2 (2003): 1–15. Web.
Brown, Matthew. Informal Empire in Latin America: Culture, Commerce and Capital. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Pub, 2008. Print.
Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. The Economic History of Latin America since Independence. Cambridge Latin American studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Print.
C. Knick Harley. ‘Trade, 1870–1939: From Globalisation to Fragmentation’. The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain: Vol. 2: Economic Maturity, 1860-1939. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-economic-history-of-modern-britain/trade-18701939-from-globalisation-to-fragmentation/9A1A8EDA63431F5177AE5053DE66B412>.
---. ‘Trade: Discovery, Mercantilism and Technology’. The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain: Vol. 1: Industrialisation, 1700-1860. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-economic-history-of-modern-britain/CE91402967901B6BF90415B4D73FC79B>.
C. R., Fay. ‘The Movement towards Free Trade, 1820-1853’. The Cambridge History of the British Empire. 2: The growth of the new empire 1783-1870. Cambridge: The University Press, 1929. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.beal/camhistbre0002&amp;i=400>.
Cain, P. J. Hobson and Imperialism: Radicalism, New Liberalism, and Finance 1887-1938. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203902.001.0001>.
Cain, P. J. and Economic History Society. Economic Foundations of British Overseas Expansion, 1815-1914. London: Macmillan, 1980. Print.
Cain, Peter. ‘Afterword: The Economics of the “British World”’. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 41.1 (2013): 98–103. Web.
Cain, P.J., and A. G. Hopkins. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: Taylor and Francis, 2016. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941>.
---. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: Taylor and Francis, 2016. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941>.
---. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: Taylor and Francis, 2016. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941>.
---. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: Taylor and Francis, 2016. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941>.
---. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: Taylor and Francis, 2016. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941>.
---. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: Taylor and Francis, 2016. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941>.
---. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: Taylor and Francis, 2016. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941>.
---. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: Taylor and Francis, 2016. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941>.
---. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: Taylor and Francis, 2016. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941>.
---. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: Taylor and Francis, 2016. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941>.
---. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: Taylor and Francis, 2016. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941>.
Cassis, Youssef. Capitals of Capital: A History of International Financial Centres, 1780-2005. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=802981>.
Chamberlain, Muriel Evelyn. The Scramble for Africa. 2nd ed. Seminar studies in history. New York: Longman, 1999. Print.
Charles Jones. ‘“Business Imperialism” and Argentina, 1875-1900: A Theoretical Note’. Journal of Latin American Studies 12.2 (1980): 437–444. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/156505>.
---. ‘Great Capitalists and the Direction of British Overseas Investment in the Late Nineteenth Century: The Case of Argentina’. Business history 2.2 (1980): n. pag. Web. <http://gl9sn3dh2u.search.serialssolutions.com/?V=1.0&N=50&L=GL9SN3DH2U&S=T_B&issn=0007-6791>.
Charlesworth, Neil and Economic History Society. British Rule and the Indian Economy, 1800-1914. Studies in economic and social history. London: Macmillan, 1982. Print.
Christopher Saunders, and Iain R. Smith. ‘Southern Africa, 1795-1910’. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665847950002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.
Clarence B. Davis. ‘Financing Imperialism: British and American Bankers as Vectors of Imperial Expansion in China, 1908-1920’. The Business History Review 56.2 (1982): 236–264. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3113978>.
Clive Dewey. ‘The End of the Imperialism of Free Trade: The Eclipse of the Lancashire Lobby and the Concession of Fiscal Autonomy to India’. The Imperial Impact: Studies in the Economic History of Africa and India. Commonwealth papers. London: Athlone Press for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 1978. Print.
Colin Newbury. ‘Great Britain and the Partition of Africa’. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664680960002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.
---. ‘Great Britain and the Partition of Africa’. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664680960002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.
Cottrell, P. L. and Economic History Society. British Overseas Investment in the Nineteenth Century. Studies in economic and social history. London: Macmillan, 1975. Print.
Crouzet, François. The Victorian Economy. London: Methuen, 1982. Print.
D. C. M. Platt. ‘Further Objections to an “Imperialism of Free Trade”, 1830-60’. The Economic History Review 26.1 (1973): 77–91. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2594760>.
---. ‘The Imperialism of Free Trade: Some Reservations’. The Economic History Review 21.2 (1968): 296–306. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592437>.
D. George Boyce. ‘Palmer, William Waldegrave, Second Earl of Selborne (1859-1942)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. N.p. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-35373>.
D. K. Fieldhouse. ‘Gentlemen, Capitalists, and the British Empire’. The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history 22 (1994): 531–541. Web.
---. ‘“Imperialism”: An Historiographical Revision’. The Economic History Review 14.2 (1961): 187–209. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2593218>.
D. McLean. ‘The Foreign Office and the First Chinese Indemnity Loan, 1895’. The Historical Journal 16.2 (1973): 303–321. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2638314>.
D. N. Winch. ‘Classical Economics and the Case for Colonization’. Economica 30.120 (1963): 387–399. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2550802?&Search=yes&searchText=Winch&list=hide&searchUri=%252Faction%252FdoBasicSearch%253FQuery%253DWinch%2526filter%253Djid%25253A10.2307%25252Fj100144%2526Search%253DSearch%2526wc%253Don%2526fc%253Doff%2526globalSearch%253D%2526sbbBox%253D%2526sbjBox%253D%2526sbpBox%253D&prevSearch=&item=1&ttl=80&returnArticleService=showFullText>.
D. R. Gillard. ‘Salisbury’s African Policy and the Heligoland Offer of 1890’. The English Historical Review 75.297 (1960): 631–653. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/558111?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents>.
Darwin, John. The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830-1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122>.
---. The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830-1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122>.
---. The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830-1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122>.
---. The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830-1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122>.
---. The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830-1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122>.
---. The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830-1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122>.
---. The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830-1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122>.
---. Unfinished Empire: The Global Expansion of Britain. London: Allen Lane, 2012. Print.
Daunton, M. J. ‘Home and Colonial’. Twentieth Century British History 6.3 (1995): 344–358. Web.
David J. Moss. ‘Wakefield, Edward Gibbon (1796–1862)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/28415>.
David McLean. ‘Commerce, Finance, and British Diplomatic Support in China, 1885-86’. The Economic History Review 26.3 (1973): 464–476. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2593546>.
David Mclean. ‘Finance and “Informal Empire” before the First World War’. The Economic History Review 29.2 (1976): 291–305. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2594316>.
David Steele. ‘Temple, Henry John, Third Viscount Palmerston (1784–1865)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/27112>.
David Washbrook. ‘The Indian Economy and the British Empire, Chapter’. India and the British Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Print.
De Cecco, Marcello. Money and Empire: The International Gold Standard, 1890-1914. Oxford: Blackwell, 1974. Print.
Dejung, Christof, and Paul Cohen. Commodity Trading, Globalization and the Colonial World: Spinning the Web of the Global Market. New York, [New York]: Routledge, 2018. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5254624>.
Deryck M. Schreuder. ‘Empire: Australia and “Greater Britain”, 1788-1901, Chapter’. The Cambridge History of Australia. Ed. Alison Bashford and Stuart Macintyre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665877700002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.
Dharma Kumar. ‘The Fiscal System’. The Cambridge Economic History of India: Vol. 2: C. 1757-c. 1970. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521228022>.
Dilley, Andrew. ‘T. A. Coghlan, London Opinion and the Politics of Anglo- Australian Finance, 1905–09’. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 41.1 (2013): 37–58. Web.
---. ‘“The Rules of the Game”: London Finance, Australia, and Canada, c.1900-14’. The Economic History Review 63.4 (2010): 1003–1031. Web.
Dilley, Andrew Richard. Finance, Politics, and Imperialism: Australia, Canada, and the City of London, c.1896-1914. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?pq-origsite=primo&amp;docID=832182>.
Dumett, Raymond E. ‘A West African “Fashoda”: Expanding Trade, Colonial Rivalries and Insurrection in the Côte d’Ivoire/Gold Coast Borderlands: The Assikasso Crisis of 1897–98’. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 41.5 (2013): 710–743. Web.
---. Imperialism, Economic Development and Social Change in West Africa. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 2013. Print.
Dwijendra Tripathi. ‘Opportunism of Free Trade: Lancashire Cotton Famine and Indian Cotton Cultivation’. Indian economic and social history review 4.3 (1967): n. pag. Print.
E. H. H. Green. ‘Gentlemanly Capitalism and British Economic Policy, 1880-1914: The Debate over Bimetalllism and Protectionism’. Gentlemanly Capitalism and British Imperialism: The New Debate on Empire. London: Longman, 1999. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1756996>.
---. ‘Gentlemanly Capitalism and British Economic Policy, 1880-1914: The Debate over Bimetalllism and Protectionism’. Gentlemanly Capitalism and British Imperialism: The New Debate on Empire. London: Longman, 1999. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1756996>.
---. ‘Radical Conservatism: The Electoral Genesis of Tariff Reform’. The Historical Journal 28.3 (1985): 667–692. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2639144>.
---. ‘Rentiers versus Producers? The Political Economy of the Bimetallic Controversy c. 1880-1898’. The English Historical Review 103.408 (1988): 588–612. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/572693>.
---. ‘The Political Economy of Empire, 1880-1914’. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/reader.action?docID=4962657&amp;ppg=368>.
E. W. Edwards. ‘The Origins of British Financial Co-Operation with France in China, 1903-6’. The English Historical Review 86.339 (1971): 285–317. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/564787>.
Edward R. Kittrell. ‘The Development of the Theory of Colonization in English Classical Political Economy’. Southern Economic Journal 31.3 (1965): 189–206. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1055555>.
Etherington, Norman. Theories of Imperialism: War, Conquest and Capital. London: Croom Helm, 1984. Print.
Eugene W. Ridings. ‘Business, Nationality and Dependency in Late Nineteenth Century Brazil’. Journal of Latin American Studies 14.1 (1982): 55–96. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/view/155727>.
Farnie, D. A. ‘Chapter  3, The Growth of the World Market’,. The English Cotton Industry and the World Market, 1815-1896. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979. Print.
Fay, Charles R. Imperial Economy and Its Place in the Formation of Economic Doctrine, 1600-1932. Beit lectures on colonial economice history. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1934. Print.
Ferns, H. S. Britain and Argentina in the Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Clarendon P, 1960. Print.
Fieldhouse, D. K. Economics and Empire, 1830-1914. London: Macmillan, 1984. Print.
---. Economics and Empire, 1830-1914. London: Macmillan, 1984. Print.
---. Economics and Empire, 1830-1914. London: Macmillan, 1984. Print.
---. Economics and Empire, 1830-1914. London: Macmillan, 1984. Print.
---. Economics and Empire, 1830-1914. London: Macmillan, 1984. Print.
---. Economics and Empire, 1830-1914. London: Macmillan, 1984. Print.
---. The Theory of Capitalist Imperialism. London: Longmans, 1967. Print.
Francois Crouzet. ‘Trade and Empire: The British Experience from Free Trade until the First World War’. Great Britain and Her World, 1750-1914: Essays in Honour of W.O. Henderson. Ed. Barrie M., Ratcliffe. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1975. Print.
Fraser, Peter. Joseph Chamberlain: Radicalism and Empire, 1868-1914. London: Cassell, 1966. Print.
G. N. Sanderson. ‘The European Partition of Africa: Coincidence or Conjuncture?’ The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history 3 (1974): n. pag. Print.
---. ‘The European Partition of Africa: Origins and Dynamics’. The Cambridge History of Africa: Vol. 6: From 1870 to 1905. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664680940002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.
G. S. Graham. ‘Imperial Finance, Trade and Communications, 1895-1914’. The Cambridge History of the British Empire. Vol. 3. Cambridge: The University Press, 1929. Print.
Galbraith, John S. MacKinnon and East Africa 1878-1895: A Study in the ‘New Imperialism’. N.p. Print.
Gary B. Magee, and Andrew Thompson. ‘Reconfiguring Empire: The British World’. Empire and Globalisation: Networks of People, Goods and Capital in the British World, c.1850-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print.
Ged Martin. ‘Canada from 1815’. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665934550002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.
---. ‘Lambton, John George , First Earl of Durham (1792–1840)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/15947>.
Geoffrey Bolton. ‘Money: Trade, Investment and Economic Nationalism’. Australia’s Empire. Oxford history of the British Empire companion series. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print.
Geoffrey Ingham. ‘British Capitalism: Empire, Merchants and Decline’. Social History 20.3 (1995): 339–354. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4286296>.
Gjersø, Jonas Fossli. ‘The Scramble for East Africa: British Motives Reconsidered, 1884–95’. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 43.5 (2015): 831–860. Web.
Gollin, Alfred. Balfour’s Burden: Arthur Balfour and Imperial Preference. London: Anthony Blond, 1965. Print.
Graham, Gerald S. The China Station: War and Diplomacy, 1830-1860. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978. Print.
Graham, Richard. Britain and the Onset of Modernization in Brazil 1850-1914. Cambridge Latin American studies. Cambridge: University Press, 1968. Print.
H. H. J., Finch. ‘British Imperialism in Uruguay: The Public Utility Companies and the Batllista State, 1900-1930’. Latin America, Economic Imperialism and the State: The Political Economy of the External Connection from Independence to the Present. Monographs / University of London, Institute of Latin American Studies. London: Athlone Press, 1985. Web. <https://blackboard.le.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/pid-986755-dt-content-rid-2455514_5/library/eReserves/HS3614/HS3614_33469.pdf>.
H. J. Habakkuk. ‘Free Trade and Commercial Expansion, 1853-1870’. The Cambridge History of the British Empire. Vol. 2. Cambridge: The University Press, 1929. Print.
H. J. Spencer. ‘Buller, Charles (1806–1848)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3913>.
H. S. Ferns. ‘Britain’s Informal Empire in Argentina, 1806-1914’. Past & Present 4 (1953): 60–75. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/649897>.
---. ‘The Baring Crisis Revisited’. Journal of Latin American Studies 24.2 (1992): 241–273. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/157067>.
Halvorson, Dan. ‘Prestige, Prudence and Public Opinion in the 1882 British Occupation of Egypt’. Australian Journal of Politics & History 56.3 (2010): 423–440. Web.
Hancock, William Keith and Royal Institute of International Affairs. Survey of British Commonwealth Affairs: Vol.2, Part 1: Problems of Economic Policy, 1918-1939. London: Oxford University Press, 1940. Print.
Hargreaves, John D. West Africa Partitioned: Vol.1: The Loaded Purse, 1885-1889. London: Macmillan, 1974. Print.
---. West Africa Partitioned: Vol.2: The Elephants and the Grass. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1985. Print.
Harnetty, Peter. Imperialism and Free Trade: Lancashire and India in the Mid-Nineteenth Century. Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 1972. Print.
Harrison, Robert T. Gladstone’s Imperialism in Egypt: Techniques of Domination. Contributions to the study of world history. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1995. Print.
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Hopkins, A. G. An Economic History of West Africa. [Harlow]: Longman, 1973. Print.
Hopkins, A. G. ‘Gentlemanly Capitalism in New Zealand’. Australian Economic History Review 43.3 (2003): 287–297. Web.
Howe, Anthony and Morgan, Simon. Rethinking Nineteenth-Century Liberalism: Richard Cobden Bicentenary Essays. Modern economic and social history series. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007. Print.
Hsu, Immanuel C. Y. ‘Late Ch’ing Foreign Relations, 1866–1905’. The Cambridge History of China: Vol. 11: Late Ch’ing, 1800-1911, Part 2. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-china/late-ching-foreign-relations-18661905/37F1BF69B5BEABE329AA2A9C5C2FFDDA>.
Hyam, Ronald. Britain’s Imperial Century, 1815-1914: A Study of Empire and Expansion. 3rd ed. Cambridge imperial and post-colonial studies series. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=736680>.
---. Understanding the British Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print.
Hynes, William G. The Economics of Empire: Britain, Africa and the New Imperialism, 1870-95. London: Longman, 1979. Print.
Ian Phimister. ‘Foreign Devils, Finance and Informal Empire: Britain and China c. 1900-1912’. Modern Asian Studies 40.3 (2006): 737–759. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3876545>.
Inglis, Brian. The Opium War. London [etc.]: Hodder and Stoughton, 1976. Print.
Ira Klein. ‘English Free Traders and Indian Tariffs, 1874-96’. Modern Asian Studies 5.3 (1971): 251–271. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/311702>.
J. A. Hobson. ‘Imperialism: A Study’. 1902. Web. <http://archive.org/details/imperialismastu00goog>.
James Belich. ‘How Much Did Institutions Matters? Cloning Britain in New Zealand’. Exclusionary Empire: English Liberty Overseas, 1600-1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print.
James, Belich. ‘The Rise of the Angloworld: Settlement in North America and Australasia, 1784-1918’. Rediscovering the British World. Calgary, Alta: University of Calgary Press, 2005. Print.
Jean Jacques Van-Helten. ‘Empire and High Finance: South Africa and the International Gold Standard 1890-1914’. The Journal of African History 23.4 (1982): 529–548. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/182040>.
Jenks, Leland Hamilton. The Migration of British Capital to 1875. London: Cape. Print.
Jim McAloon. ‘The New Zealand Economy, 1792-1914’. The New Oxford History of New Zealand. South Melbourne, Vic: Oxford University Press Australia and New Zealand, 2009. Print.
John Cunningham Wood. ‘J. A. Hobson and British Imperialism’. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology 42.4 (1983): 483–500. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3486245>.
John Darwin. ‘Imperialism and the Victorians: The Dynamics of Territorial Expansion’. The English Historical Review 112.447 (1997): 614–642. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/576347>.
---. ‘Imperialism and the Victorians: The Dynamics of Territorial Expansion’. The English Historical Review 112.447 (1997): 614–642. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/576347>.
John E. Hodge. ‘Carlos Pellegrini and the Financial Crisis of 1890’. The Hispanic American Historical Review 50.3 (1970): 499–523. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2512194>.
John K. Fairbank. ‘The Creation of the Treaty System’. The Cambridge History of China, Vol.10, Late Ch’ing, 1800-1911, Part 1. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665847930002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.
John Mayo. ‘Britain and Chile, 1851-1886: Anatomy of a Relationship’. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 23.1 (1981): 95–120. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/165544>.
John Orbell. ‘Dawes, Sir Edwyn Sandys (1838-1903)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. N.p. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-48867>.
John S. Galbraith. ‘Myths of the “Little England” Era’. The American Historical Review 67.1 (1961): 34–48. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1846260>.
Jones, Charles. ‘Finance, Ambition and Romanticism in the River Plate, 1880–1892’. Bulletin of Latin American Research 27.s1 (2008): 124–148. Web.
Judd, Denis. Balfour and the British Empire: A Study in Imperial Evolution 1874-1932. London: Macmillan, 1968. Print.
---. Radical Joe: A Life of Joseph Chamberlain. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1977. Print.
Jürgen Osterhammel. ‘Britain and China, 1842-1914’. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/reader.action?docID=4962657&amp;ppg=168>.
---. ‘British Business in China, 1860s-1950s’. British Business in Asia since 1860. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Print.
K. N. Chaudhuri. ‘India’s International Economy in the Nineteenth Century: An Historical Survey’. Modern Asian Studies 2.1 (1968): 31–50. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/311564>.
Kemp, Tom. Theories of Imperialism. London: Dobson, 1967. Print.
Kenwood, A. G., and A. L. Lougheed. The Growth of the International Economy 1820-2000: An Introductory Text. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 1999. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3060282>.
K.N. Chaudhuri. ‘Foreign Trade and Balance of Payments (1757–1947)’. The Cambridge Economic History of India: Vol. 2: C. 1757-c. 1970. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665216210002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.
Koebner, Richard and Schmidt, Helmut Dan. Imperialism: The Story and Significance of a Political Word, 1840-1960. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P, 1964. Print.
L. Davis, and R. A. Huttenback. ‘The Export of British Finance, 1865-1914’. The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history 13.3 (1985): n. pag. Print.
‘Labor, Capital and Land: The Transnational Dimensions of the 1910 Federal Land Tax’. Labour History 105 (2013): n. pag. Web.
Lance E. Davis and Robert A. Huttenback. ‘The Political Economy of British Imperialism: Measures of Benefits and Support’. The Journal of Economic History 42.1 (1982): 119–130. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2120505>.
Lance Edwin Davis and Robert A. Huttenback. Mammon and the Pursuit of Empire: The Political Economy of British Imperialism, 1860-1912. Interdisciplinary perspectives on modern history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Print.
---. Mammon and the Pursuit of Empire: The Political Economy of British Imperialism, 1860-1912. Interdisciplinary perspectives on modern history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Print.
Landes, David S. Bankers and Pashas: International Finance and Economic Imperialism in Egypt. Kingswood social history series). Heinemann, 1958. Print.
Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich. Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism: A Popular Outline. New York: International Publishers, 2008. Web. <http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/imp-hsc/>.
Lewis, Colin M. ‘Britain, the Argentine and Informal Empire: Rethinking the Role of Railway Companies’. Bulletin of Latin American Research 27.s1 (2008): 99–123. Web.
Lewis, Colin M. and University of London. British Railways in Argentina, 1857-1914: A Case Study of Foreign Investment. Institute of Latin American Studies monographs. London: Athlone, 1983. Print.
Lloyd, Trevor Owen. The British Empire 1588-1995. 2nd ed. The short Oxford history of the modern world. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Print.
Luke Trainor. ‘The British Government and Imperial Economic Unity, 1890-1895’. The Historical Journal 13.1 (1970): 68–84. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2637823>.
M. E. Chamberlain. ‘Sir Charles Dilke and the British Intervention in Egypt, 1882: Decision Making in a Nineteenth-Century Cabinet’. British Journal of International Studies 2.3 (1976): 231–245. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/20096777>.
---. ‘The Alexandria Massacre of 11 June 1882 and the British Occupation of Egypt’. Middle Eastern Studies 13.1 (1977): 14–39. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4282618>.
M. Edelstein. ‘Foreign Investment and Accumulation, 1860-1914’. The Economic History of Britain since 1700: Vol.2: 1860-1939. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Print.
M. J. Daunton. ‘“Gentlemanly Capitalism” and British Industry 1820-1914’. Past & Present 122 (1989): 119–158. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/650953>.
Magee, Gary Bryan, and Andrew S. Thompson. Empire and Globalisation: Networks of People, Goods and Capital in the British World, c.1850-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print.
Marais, J. S. The Fall of Kruger’s Republic. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961. Print.
Marjorie Harper. ‘British Migration and the Peopling of the Empire’. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The Nineteenth Century. Ed. A. N. Porter. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4962657>.
Marrison, Andrew. British Business and Protection, 1903-1932. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995. Print.
Martin Daunton. ‘Gibbs, Henry Hucks, First Baron Aldenham (1819–1907)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. N.p. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-33386>.
Martin Lynn. ‘British Policy, Trade, and Informal Empire in the Mid-Nineteenth Century’. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665080890002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.
---. ‘Change and Continuity in the British Palm Oil Trade with West Africa, 1830-55’. The Journal of African History 22.3 (1981): 331–348. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/181807>.
---. ‘From Sail to Steam: The Impact of the Steamship Services on the British Palm Oil Trade with West Africa, 1850-1890’. The Journal of African History 30.2 (1989): 227–245. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/183066>.
---. ‘The "Imperialism of Free Trade” and the Case of West Africa, c. 1830-c.1870’. The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history 15 (1986): n. pag. Print.
Mathias, Peter. The First Industrial Nation: An Economic History of Britain 1700-1914. 2nd ed. London: Methuen, 1983. Print.
Matthew Simon. ‘The Pattern of British Portfolio Foreign Investment, 1865-1914’. The Export of Capital from Britain 1870-1914. Debates in economic history. London: Methuen, 1968. Print.
---. ‘The Pattern of British Portfolio Foreign Investment, 1865-1914’. Capital Movements and Economic Development: Proceedings of a Conference Held by the International Economic Association. London: Macmillan, 1967. Print.
McAloon, Jim. ‘Gentlemanly Capitalism and Settler Capitalists: Imperialism, Dependent Development and Colonial Wealth in The South Island of New Zealand’. Australian Economic History Review 42.2 (2002): 204–223. Web.
---. ‘Gentlemen, Capitalists and Settlers: A Brief Response’. Australian Economic History Review 43.3 (2003): 298–304. Web.
Michael Edelstein. ‘Foreign Investment, Accumulation and Empire, 1860–1914’. The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain: Vol. 2: Economic Maturity, 1860-1939. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-economic-history-of-modern-britain/foreign-investment-accumulation-and-empire-18601914/F5A061D9E25128968D44691841EB0B02>.
Michael Freeden. ‘Hobson, John Atkinson (1858–1940)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33909>.
Michie, R. C. The Global Securities Market: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print.
Miles Taylor. ‘Cobden, Richard (1804–1865)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5741>.
---. ‘Imperium and Libertas? Rethinking the Radical Critique of Imperialism during the Nineteenth Century’. Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 19.1 (1991): 1–18. Web.
Miller, Rory. Britain and Latin America in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Studies in modern history. London: Longman, 1993. Print.
Munro, J. Forbes. Britain in Tropical Africa, 1880-1960: Economic Relationships and Impact. Studies in economic and social history. London: Macmillan, 1984. Print.
---. Maritime Enterprise and Empire: Sir William Mackinnon and His Business Network, 1823-93. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2003. Print.
Munro, J. Forbes. Maritime Enterprise and Empire: Sir William Mackinnon and His Business Network, 1823-93. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2003. Print.
Niels P. Petersson. ‘Gentlemanly and Not-so-Gentlemanly Imperialism in China before the First World War’. Gentlemanly Capitalism, Imperialism, and Global History. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=6302666>.
Oliver MacDonagh. ‘The Anti-Imperialism of Free Trade’. The Economic History Review 14.3 (1962): 489–501. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2591889>.
Owen, Roger. The Middle East in the World Economy, 1800-1914. London: Methuen, 1981. Print.
P. A. Buckner. ‘Was There a “British” Empire? The Oxford History of the British Empire from a Canadian Perspective’. Acadiensis 32.1 (2002): n. pag. Web. <https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/Acadiensis/article/view/10712/11422>.
P. F. Clarke. ‘Hobson, Free Trade, and Imperialism’. The Economic History Review 34.2 (1981): 308–312. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2595250>.
P. J. Cain. ‘British Radicalism, the South African Crisis and the Origins of the Theory of Financial Imperialism’. The Impact of the South African War. New York: Palgrave, 2001. Print.
---. ‘Economics and Empire: The Metropolitan Context’. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?pq-origsite=primo&amp;docID=886621>.
---. ‘Hobson’s Developing Theory of Imperialism’. The Economic History Review 34.2 (1981): 313–316. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2595251>.
---. ‘J. A. Hobson, Cobdenism, and the Radical Theory of Economic Imperialism, 1898-1914’. The Economic History Review 31.4 (1978): 565–584. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2595749>.
---. ‘J. A. Hobson, Financial Capitalism and Imperialism in Late Victorian  and Edwardian England’. The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history 13.3 (1985): 1–27. Print.
---. ‘Political Economy and Edwardian England: The Tariff-Reform Controversy’. N.p. Print.
P. J. Cain, and A. G. Hopkins. ‘Afterword: The Theory and Practice of British Imperialism’. Gentlemanly Capitalism and British Imperialism: The New Debate on Empire. London: Longman, 1999. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1756996>.
---. ‘Problem and Context’. British Imperialism, 1688-2000. 2nd ed. Harlow: Longman, 2001. Print.
---. ‘Reconstructing British Imperialism: The Autobiography of a Research Project’. Itinerario 18.1 (1994): n. pag. Print.
Palen, Marc-William. ‘Protection, Federation and Union: The Global Impact of the McKinley Tariff upon the British Empire, 1890–94’. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 38.3 (2010): 395–418. Web.
Patrick K. O’Brien. ‘The Costs and Benefits of British Imperialism 1846-1914’. Past & Present 120 (1988): 163–200. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/650926>.
---. ‘The Costs and Benefits of British Imperialism 1846-1914: Reply’. Past & Present 125 (1989): 192–199. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/650866>.
Paul Kennedy. ‘The Costs and Benefits of British Imperialism 1846-1914’. Past & Present 125 (1989): 186–192. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/650865>.
Peter Burroughs. ‘Molesworth, Sir William, Eighth Baronet (1810–1855)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18902>.
Peter Cain. ‘Capitalism, War and Internationalism in the Thought of Richard Cobden’. British Journal of International Studies 5.3 (1979): 229–247. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/20096868>.
---. ‘The City of London, 1880-1914’. The British Industrial Decline. Routledge explorations in economic history. London: Routledge, 2003. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665877710002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.
Peter Gordon. ‘Herbert, Henry Howard Molyneux, Fourth Earl of Carnarvon (1831-1890)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. N.p. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-13035>.
Peter Harnetty. ‘The Imperialism of Free Trade: Lancashire and the Indian Cotton Duties, 1859-1862’. The Economic History Review 18.2 (1965): 333–349. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592098>.
---. ‘The Imperialism of Free Trade: Lancashire, India, and the Cotton Supply Question, 1861-1865’. Journal of British Studies 6.1 (1966): 70–96. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/175194>.
Peter Winn. ‘British Informal Empire in Uruguay in the Nineteenth Century’. Past & Present 73 (1976): 100–126. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/650427>.
Phillip Buckner. ‘The Creation of the Dominion of Canada, 1860-1901’. Canada and the British Empire. Oxford history of the British Empire companion series. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print.
Phoebe Chow. Britain’s Imperial Retreat from China, 1900-1931. London: Routledge, 2016. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4595190>.
Platt, D. C. M. Business Imperialism, 1840-1930: An Inquiry Based on British Experience in Latin America. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977. Print.
Platt, D. C. M. ‘Chapter 5: China, in Part III’. Finance, Trade, and Politics in British Foreign Policy 1815-1914. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968. Print.
Platt, D. C. M. Finance, Trade, and Politics in British Foreign Policy 1815-1914. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968. Print.
---. Finance, Trade, and Politics in British Foreign Policy 1815-1914. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968. Print.
---. Finance, Trade, and Politics in British Foreign Policy 1815-1914. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968. Print.
Pollard, Sidney. Britain’s Prime and Britain’s Decline: The British Economy 1870-1914. London: Edward Arnold, 1989. Print.
Porter, A. N. The Origins of the South African War: Joseph Chamberlain and the Diplomacy of Imperialism, 1895-99. Manchester [Eng.]: Manchester University Press, 1980. Print.
Porter, Bernard. Critics of Empire: British Radical Attitudes to Colonialism in Africa 1895-1914. London: Macmillan, 1968. Print.
---. The Lion’s Share: A History of British Imperialism 1850 to the Present. 5th ed. Harlow: Pearson, 2012. Print.
R. J. Moore. ‘Imperialism and “Free Trade” Policy in India, 1853-4’. The Economic History Review 17.1 (1964): 135–145. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592695>.
Review by: David Cannadine. ‘The Empire Strikes Back’. Past & Present 147 (1995): 180–194. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/651044>.
Richard A. Atkins. ‘The Conservatives and Egypt, 1875-1880’. The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history 2.2 (1974): 190–205. Web.
Richard Graham. ‘Robinson and Gallagher in South America: The Meaning of Informal Imperialism’. Imperialism: The Robinson and Gallagher Controversy. Modern scholarship on European history. New York: New Viewpoints, 1976. Print.
Richards, Eric. Britannia’s Children: Emigration from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland since 1600. London: Hambledon and London, 2004. Print.
Richardson, Philip and Economic History Society. Economic Change in China, c. 1800-1950. New studies in economic and social history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Print.
Robert Kubicek. ‘Economic Power at the Periphery: Canada, Australia and South Africa, 1850-1914’. Gentlemanly Capitalism and British Imperialism: The New Debate on Empire. London: Longman, 1999. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1756996>.
Roberta Allbert Dayer. ‘Addis, Sir Charles Stewart (1861-1945)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. N.p. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-38334>.
Robin J. Moore. ‘Imperial India, 1858-1914’. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/reader.action?docID=886621&amp;ppg=445>.
Robinson, Ronald. ‘Explanation’. Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of Imperialism. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1981. Print.
Robinson, Ronald, Gallagher, John, and Denny, Alice. Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of Imperialism. London: Macmillan, 1961. Print.
---. Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of Imperialism. London: Macmillan, 1961. Print.
---. Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of Imperialism. London: Macmillan, 1961. Print.
---. ‘The Spirit of Victorian Expansion, Chapter One of Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of Imperialism’. Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of Imperialism. London: Macmillan, 1961. Print.
Rock, David. ‘The British in Argentina: From Informal Empire to Postcolonialism’. Bulletin of Latin American Research 27.s1 (2008): 49–77. Web.
Roger Owen. ‘Egypt and Europe: From French Expedition to British Occupation’. Studies in the Theory of Imperialism. [Harlow]: Longman, 1972. Print.
Roger S. Mason. ‘Robert Giffen and the Tariff Reform Campaign, 1865-1910’. The journal of European economic history 25 (1996): n. pag. Web. <https://www.jeeh.it/it/articolo?urn=urn:abi:abi:RIV.JOU:1996;1.171>.
Ronald E. Robinson. ‘Introduction: Railway Imperialism’. Railway Imperialism. Contributions in comparative colonial studies. New York: Greenwood Press, 1991. Print.
Ronald Hyam. ‘The Partition of Africa: Geopolitical and Internal Perspectives’. Understanding the British Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511760495/type/BOOK>.
Ronald, Robinson. ‘Non-European Foundations of European Imperialism: Sketch for a Theory of Collaboration’. Studies in the Theory of Imperialism. [Harlow]: Longman, 1972. Print.
Ronald Robinson, John Gallagher. ‘The Imperialism of Free Trade’. The Economic History Review 6.1 (1953): 1–15. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2591017>.
Rothermund, Dietmar. An Economic History of India: From Pre-Colonial Times to 1991. 2nd ed. Abingdon, Oxon: Taylor & Francis Group, 1988. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=178551>.
Roy, Tirthankar. India in the World Economy: From Antiquity to the Present. New approaches to Asian history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Print.
S. A. Beaver. ‘Roebuck, John Arthur (1802–1879)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/23945>.
Saul, S. B. Studies in British Overseas Trade, 1870-1914. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1960. Print.
---. Studies in British Overseas Trade, 1870-1914. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1960. Print.
Semmel, Bernard. Imperialism and Social Reform: English Social-Imperial Thought, 1895-1914. Studies in society. London: Allen & Unwin, 1960. Print.
---. The Liberal Ideal and the Demons of Empire: Theories of Imperialism from Adam Smith to Lenin. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. Print.
---. The Rise of Free Trade Imperialism: Classical Political Economy, the Empire of Free Trade and Imperialism, 1750-1850. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rise-of-free-trade-imperialism/46845A1CC780C7CF9214B0FEDD20022E>.
---. The Rise of Free Trade Imperialism: Classical Political Economy, the Empire of Free Trade and Imperialism, 1750-1850. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rise-of-free-trade-imperialism/46845A1CC780C7CF9214B0FEDD20022E>.
Shaw, A. G. L. Great Britain and the Colonies, 1815-1865. Debates in economic history. London: Methuen. Print.
Shula Marks. ‘Southern and Central Africa, 1886-1910’. The Cambridge History of Africa: Vol. 6: From 1870 to 1905. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665216190002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.
Shula Marks, and Stanley Trapido. ‘Rhodes, Cecil John (1853-1902)’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. N.p. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-35731>.
Silver, Arthur W. Manchester Men and Indian Cotton, 1847-1872. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1966. Print.
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Stanley Trapido. ‘Imperialism, Settler Identities, and Colonial Capitalism: The Hundred-Year Origins of the 1899 South African War’. The Cambridge History of South Africa. Ed. Robert Ross, Anne Kelk Mager, and Bill Nasson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-south-africa/imperialism-settler-identities-and-colonial-capitalism-the-hundredyear-origins-of-the-1899-south-african-war/7ED1C8783FDD0E64075B3D11343B7CF7>.
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---. The Empire Strikes Back?: The Impact of Imperialism on Britain from the Mid-Nineteenth Century. 1st ed. Harlow: Pearson Longman, 2005. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1782380>.
---. The Empire Strikes Back?: The Impact of Imperialism on Britain from the Mid-Nineteenth Century. 1st ed. Harlow: Pearson Longman, 2005. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1782380>.
Tomlinson, B. R. The New Cambridge History of India: III.3: Economy of Modern India, 1860-1970. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362306>.
Tomlinson, J. ‘Responding to Globalization?: Churchill and Dundee in 1908’. Twentieth Century British History 21.3 (2010): 257–280. Web.
Tomlinson, Jim. Dundee and the Empire: ‘Juteopolis’ 1850-1939. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1767553>.
Townshend, Jules. J.A. Hobson. Lives of the left. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990. Print.
Tyler, J. E. The Struggle for Imperial Unity (1865-1895). Imperial Studies. London: Longmans, Green, 1938. Print.
W. G. Hynes. ‘British Mercantile Attitudes towards Imperial Expansion’. The Historical Journal 19.4 (1976): 969–979. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2638245>.
W. M. Mathew. ‘The Imperialism of Free Trade: Peru, 1820-70’. The Economic History Review 21.3 (1968): 562–579. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592751>.
Webster, Anthony. The Debate on the Rise of the British Empire. Issues in historiography. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2006. Print.
Webster, Anthony. The Debate on the the [Sic] Rise of the British Empire. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2006. Print.
Webster, Anthony. The Twilight of the East India Company: The Evolution of Anglo-Asian Commerce and Politics, 1790-1860. Worlds of the East India Company. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2009. Print.
Wesseling, H. L. Divide and Rule: The Partition of Africa, 1880-1914. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1996. Print.
Wilgus, Mary H. Sir Claude MacDonald, the Open Door, and British Informal Empire in China, 1895-1900. Modern European history. New York: Garland, 1987. Print.
William J. Fleming. ‘Profits and Visions: British Capital and Railway Construction in Argentina, 1854-1886’. Railway Imperialism. Contributions in comparative colonial studies. New York: Greenwood Press, 1991. Print.
Williams, John Henry. Argentine International Trade under Inconvertible Paper Money, 1880-1900. New York: Greenwood Press. Print.
Winks, Robin W, and Alaine M. Low. The Oxford History of the British Empire: Vol. 5: Historiography. Oxford history of the British Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=886622>.
Winthrop R. Wright. ‘Foreign-Owned Railways in Argentina: A Case Study of Economic Nationalism’. The Business History Review 41.1 (1967): 62–93. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3112421>.
Wong, J. Y. Deadly Dreams: Opium, Imperialism and the Arrow War (1856-1860) in China. Cambridge studies in Chinese history, literature and institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Print.
Young, Leonard Kenneth. British Policy in China, 1895-1902. Oxford: Clarendon, 1970. Print.
Ziegler, Philip. The Sixth Great Power: Barings, 1762-1929. London: Collins, 1988. Print.