1
Cain PJ, Hopkins AG. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: : Taylor and Francis 2016. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941
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Darwin, John. The empire project: the rise and fall of the British world-system, 1830-1970. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2009. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122
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Andrew Porter. The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1999. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?pq-origsite=primo&docID=886621
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Platt, D. C. M. Finance, trade, and politics in British foreign policy 1815-1914. Oxford: : Clarendon Press 1968.
5
Fieldhouse DK. Economics and empire, 1830-1914. London: : Macmillan 1984.
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Ballantyne T, Burton AM. Empires and the reach of the global, 1870-1945. Cambridge, Mass: : The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 2012.
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Darwin, John. Unfinished empire: the global expansion of Britain. London: : Allen Lane 2012.
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Hyam, Ronald. Britain’s imperial century, 1815-1914: a study of empire and expansion. 3rd ed. New York: : Palgrave Macmillan 2002. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=736680
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Lloyd, Trevor Owen. The British Empire 1588-1995. 2nd ed. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1996.
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Porter, Bernard. The lion’s share: a history of British Imperialism 1850 to the present. 5th ed. Harlow: : Pearson 2012.
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Stockwell SE. The British Empire: themes and perspectives. Oxford: : Blackwell 2008.
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Winks RW, Low AM. The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 5: Historiography. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1999. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=886622
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P. J. Cain. Economics and Empire: The Metropolitan Context. In: The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1999. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?pq-origsite=primo&docID=886621
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B. R. Tomlinson. Economics and Empire: The Periphery and the Imperial Economy. In: The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1999. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?pq-origsite=primo&docID=886621
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Cain PJ, Hopkins AG. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: : Taylor and Francis 2016. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941
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Darwin, John. The empire project: the rise and fall of the British world-system, 1830-1970. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2009. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122
17
A. R. Dilley. The Economics of Empire. In: The British Empire: themes and perspectives. Oxford: : Blackwell 2008.
18
Bernard Attard. Wakefieldian investment and the birth of new societies, c. 1830 to 1930. In: Christopher Lloyd, Jacob Metzer, Richard Sutch, eds. Settler Economies in World History. Leiden: : Brill 2013. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1112246
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Michael Edelstein. Foreign investment, accumulation and Empire, 1860–1914. In: The Cambridge economic history of modern Britain: Vol. 2: Economic maturity, 1860-1939. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2008. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-economic-history-of-modern-britain/foreign-investment-accumulation-and-empire-18601914/F5A061D9E25128968D44691841EB0B02
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Alford, B. W. E. Britain in the world economy since 1880. London: : Longman 1996.
21
Cain PJ, Economic History Society. Economic foundations of British overseas expansion, 1815-1914. London: : Macmillan 1980.
22
Crouzet, François. The Victorian economy. London: : Methuen 1982.
23
G. S. Graham. Imperial Finance, Trade and Communications, 1895-1914. In: The Cambridge history of the British Empire. Cambridge: : The University Press 1929.
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H. J. Habakkuk. Free Trade and Commercial Expansion, 1853-1870. In: The Cambridge history of the British Empire. Cambridge: : The University Press 1929.
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Kenwood AG, Lougheed AL. The growth of the international economy 1820-2000: an introductory text. 4th ed. London: : Routledge 1999. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3060282
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Mathias, Peter. The first industrial nation: an economic history of Britain 1700-1914. 2nd ed. London: : Methuen 1983.
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Francois Crouzet. Trade and Empire: The British Experience from Free Trade until the First World War. In: Barrie M., Ratcliffe, ed. Great Britain and her world, 1750-1914: essays in honour of W.O. Henderson. Manchester: : Manchester University Press 1975.
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C. Knick Harley. Trade: discovery, mercantilism and technology. In: The Cambridge economic history of modern Britain: Vol. 1: Industrialisation, 1700-1860. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2008. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-economic-history-of-modern-britain/CE91402967901B6BF90415B4D73FC79B
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C. Knick Harley. Trade, 1870–1939: from globalisation to fragmentation. In: The Cambridge economic history of modern Britain: Vol. 2: Economic maturity, 1860-1939. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2008. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-economic-history-of-modern-britain/trade-18701939-from-globalisation-to-fragmentation/9A1A8EDA63431F5177AE5053DE66B412
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Saul, S. B. Studies in British overseas trade, 1870-1914. Liverpool: : Liverpool University Press 1960.
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Cassis Y. Capitals of capital: a history of international financial centres, 1780-2005. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2006. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=802981
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Cottrell, P. L., Economic History Society. British overseas investment in the nineteenth century. London: : Macmillan 1975.
33
L. Davis, R. A. Huttenback. The Export of British Finance, 1865-1914. The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history 1985;13.
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Lance Edwin Davis, Robert A. Huttenback. Mammon and the pursuit of Empire: the political economy of British imperialism, 1860-1912. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1986.
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M. Edelstein. Foreign Investment and Accumulation, 1860-1914. In: The economic history of Britain since 1700: Vol.2: 1860-1939. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1994.
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Jenks, Leland Hamilton. The migration of British capital to 1875. London: : Cape
37
Michie, R. C. The global securities market: a history. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2006.
38
Pollard, Sidney. Britain’s prime and Britain’s decline: the British economy 1870-1914. London: : Edward Arnold 1989.
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Matthew Simon. The Pattern of British Portfolio Foreign Investment, 1865-1914. In: The export of capital from Britain 1870-1914. London: : Methuen 1968.
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Matthew Simon. The Pattern of British Portfolio Foreign Investment, 1865-1914. In: Capital movements and economic development: proceedings of a Conference held by the International Economic Association. London: : Macmillan 1967.
41
Stone, Irving. The global export of capital from Great Britain, 1865-1914: a statistical survey. Basingstoke: : Macmillan 1999.
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Fay, Charles R. Imperial economy and its place in the formation of economic doctrine, 1600-1932. Oxford: : Clarendon Press 1934.
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C. R., Fay. The movement towards free trade, 1820-1853. In: The Cambridge history of the British Empire. Cambridge: : The University Press 1929. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.beal/camhistbre0002&i=400
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Hancock, William Keith, Royal Institute of International Affairs. Survey of British Commonwealth affairs: Vol.2, part 1: Problems of economic policy, 1918-1939. London: : Oxford University Press 1940.
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Ronald Robinson JG. The Imperialism of Free Trade. The Economic History Review 1953;6:1–15.http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2591017
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Robinson, Ronald, Gallagher, John, Denny, Alice. The Spirit of Victorian Expansion, Chapter One of Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of Imperialism. In: Africa and the Victorians: the official mind of imperialism. London: : Macmillan 1961.
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Robinson R. Explanation. In: Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of Imperialism. Basingstoke: : Macmillan 1981.
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Ronald, Robinson. Non-European foundations of European imperialism: sketch for a theory of collaboration. In: Studies in the theory of imperialism. [Harlow]: : Longman 1972.
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Ronald E. Robinson. Introduction: Railway Imperialism. In: Railway imperialism. New York: : Greenwood Press 1991.
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David Steele. Temple, Henry John, third Viscount Palmerston (1784–1865). In: Oxford dictionary of national biography. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2004. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/27112
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John Darwin. Imperialism and the Victorians: The Dynamics of Territorial Expansion. The English Historical Review 1997;112:614–42.http://www.jstor.org/stable/576347
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Martin Lynn. British Policy, Trade, and Informal Empire in the Mid-Nineteenth Century. In: The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1999. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665080890002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745
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D. C. M. Platt. The Imperialism of Free Trade: Some Reservations. The Economic History Review 1968;21:296–306.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592437
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D. C. M. Platt. Further Objections to an ‘Imperialism of Free Trade’, 1830-60. The Economic History Review 1973;26:77–91.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2594760
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P. J. Cain, A. G. Hopkins. Reconstructing British Imperialism: The Autobiography of a Research Project. Itinerario 1994;18.
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P. J. Cain, A. G. Hopkins. Problem and Context. In: British imperialism, 1688-2000. Harlow: : Longman 2001.
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Cain PJ, Hopkins AG. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: : Taylor and Francis 2016. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941
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P. J. Cain, A. G. Hopkins. Afterword: The Theory and Practice of British Imperialism. In: Gentlemanly capitalism and British imperialism: the new debate on empire. London: : Longman 1999. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1756996
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Peter Cain. The City of London, 1880-1914. In: The British industrial decline. London: : Routledge 2003. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665877710002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745
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Review by: David Cannadine. The Empire Strikes Back. Past & Present 1995;:180–94.http://www.jstor.org/stable/651044
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Darwin, John. The empire project: the rise and fall of the British world-system, 1830-1970. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2009. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122
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M. J. Daunton. ‘Gentlemanly Capitalism’ and British Industry 1820-1914. Past & Present 1989;:119–58.http://www.jstor.org/stable/650953
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Daunton MJ. Home and Colonial. Twentieth Century British History 1995;6:344–58. doi:10.1093/tcbh/6.3.344
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D. K. Fieldhouse. Gentlemen, capitalists, and the British empire. The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history 1994;22:531–41. doi:10.1080/03086539408582938
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Hyam, Ronald. Understanding the British Empire. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2010.
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Geoffrey Ingham. British Capitalism: Empire, Merchants and Decline. Social History 1995;20:339–54.http://www.jstor.org/stable/4286296
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A. Porter. "Gentlemanly capitalism” and empire. The British experience since 1750? The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history 1990;18:265–95. doi:10.1080/03086539008582819
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Webster A. The debate on the the [sic] rise of the British empire. Manchester: : Manchester University Press 2006.
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Roberta Allbert Dayer. Addis, Sir Charles Stewart (1861-1945). In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-38334
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John Orbell. Dawes, Sir Edwyn Sandys (1838-1903). In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-48867
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Martin Daunton. Gibbs, Henry Hucks, first Baron Aldenham (1819–1907). In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-33386
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Shula Marks, Stanley Trapido. Rhodes, Cecil John (1853-1902). In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-35731
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Peter Gordon. Herbert, Henry Howard Molyneux, fourth earl of Carnarvon (1831-1890). In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-13035
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D. George Boyce. Palmer, William Waldegrave, second earl of Selborne (1859-1942). In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-35373
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Bernard Semmel. The Philosophic Radicals and Colonialism. The Journal of Economic History 1961;21:513–25.http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2114415
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Bernard Semmel. The Wakefield program for middle-class empire. In: The rise of free trade imperialism: classical political economy, the empire of free trade and imperialism, 1750-1850. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1961.
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James, Belich. The Rise of the Angloworld: Settlement in North America and Australasia, 1784-1918. In: Rediscovering the British world. Calgary, Alta: : University of Calgary Press 2005.
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John S. Galbraith. Myths of the ‘Little England’ Era. The American Historical Review 1961;67:34–48.http://www.jstor.org/stable/1846260
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Marjorie Harper. British Migration and the Peopling of the Empire. In: A. N. Porter, ed. The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1999. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4962657
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Edward R. Kittrell. The Development of the Theory of Colonization in English Classical Political Economy. Southern Economic Journal 1965;31:189–206.http://www.jstor.org/stable/1055555
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Magee GB, Thompson AS. Empire and globalisation: networks of people, goods and capital in the British world, c.1850-1914. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2010.
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Richards E. Britannia’s children: emigration from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland since 1600. London: : Hambledon and London 2004.
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Shaw, A. G. L. Great Britain and the colonies, 1815-1865. London: : Methuen
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D. N. Winch. Classical Economics and the Case for Colonization. Economica 1963;30:387–99.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2550802?&Search=yes&searchText=Winch&list=hide&searchUri=%252Faction%252FdoBasicSearch%253FQuery%253DWinch%2526filter%253Djid%25253A10.2307%25252Fj100144%2526Search%253DSearch%2526wc%253Don%2526fc%253Doff%2526globalSearch%253D%2526sbbBox%253D%2526sbjBox%253D%2526sbpBox%253D&prevSearch=&item=1&ttl=80&returnArticleService=showFullText
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Semmel, Bernard. The rise of free trade imperialism: classical political economy, the empire of free trade and imperialism, 1750-1850. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2004. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rise-of-free-trade-imperialism/46845A1CC780C7CF9214B0FEDD20022E
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H. J. Spencer. Buller, Charles (1806–1848). In: Oxford dictionary of national biography. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2004. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3913
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Ged Martin. Lambton, John George , first earl of Durham (1792–1840). In: Oxford dictionary of national biography. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2004. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/15947
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Peter Burroughs. Molesworth, Sir William, eighth baronet (1810–1855). In: Oxford dictionary of national biography. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2004. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18902
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S. A. Beaver. Roebuck, John Arthur (1802–1879). In: Oxford dictionary of national biography. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2004. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/23945
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David J. Moss. Wakefield, Edward Gibbon (1796–1862). In: Oxford dictionary of national biography. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2004. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/28415
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Darwin, John. The empire project: the rise and fall of the British world-system, 1830-1970. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2009. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122
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Cain PJ, Hopkins AG. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: : Taylor and Francis 2016. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941
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Cain P. Afterword: The Economics of the ‘British World’. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 2013;41:98–103. doi:10.1080/03086534.2013.762160
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P. A. Buckner. Was there a ‘British’ Empire? The Oxford History of the British Empire from a Canadian Perspective. Acadiensis 2002;32.https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/Acadiensis/article/view/10712/11422
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Bridge C, Fedorowich K. Mapping the British world. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 2003;31:1–15. doi:10.1080/03086530310001705576
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Gary B. Magee, Andrew Thompson. Reconfiguring Empire: The British World. In: Empire and globalisation: networks of people, goods and capital in the British world, c.1850-1914. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2010.
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Dilley A. ‘The rules of the game’: London finance, Australia, and Canada, c.1900-14. The Economic History Review 2010;63:1003–31. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00518.x
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Dilley AR. Finance, politics, and imperialism: Australia, Canada, and the City of London, c.1896-1914. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: : Palgrave Macmillan 2012. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?pq-origsite=primo&docID=832182
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Robert Kubicek. Economic power at the periphery: Canada, Australia and South Africa, 1850-1914. In: Gentlemanly capitalism and British imperialism: the new debate on empire. London: : Longman 1999. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1756996
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Geoffrey Bolton. Money: Trade, Investment and Economic Nationalism. In: Australia’s Empire. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2008.
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Deryck M. Schreuder. Empire: Australia and ‘Greater Britain’, 1788-1901, Chapter. In: Bashford A, Macintyre S, eds. The Cambridge history of Australia. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2013. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665877700002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745
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Jim McAloon. The New Zealand Economy, 1792-1914. In: The new Oxford history of New Zealand. South Melbourne, Vic: : Oxford University Press Australia and New Zealand 2009.
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James Belich. How Much Did Institutions Matters? Cloning Britain in New Zealand. In: Exclusionary empire: English liberty overseas, 1600-1900. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2010.
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Attard B. Bridgeheads, ‘Colonial Places’ and the Queensland Financial Crisis of 1866. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 2013;41:11–36. doi:10.1080/03086534.2013.762152
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Attard B. From Free-trade Imperialism to Structural Power: New Zealand and the Capital Market, 1856–68. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 2007;35:505–27. doi:10.1080/03086530701667468
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Attard B. Making the Colonial State: Development, Debt and Warfard in New Zealand, 1853-76. Australian Economic History Review 2012;52:101–27. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8446.2012.00345.x
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Dilley A. T. A. Coghlan, London Opinion and the Politics of Anglo- Australian Finance, 1905–09. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 2013;41:37–58. doi:10.1080/03086534.2013.762153
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Labor, Capital and Land: The Transnational Dimensions of the 1910 Federal Land Tax. Labour History Published Online First: 2013. doi:10.5263/labourhistory.105.0113
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McAloon J. Gentlemanly Capitalism and Settler Capitalists: Imperialism, Dependent Development and Colonial Wealth in The South Island of New Zealand. Australian Economic History Review 2002;42:204–23. doi:10.1111/1467-8446.00030
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Hopkins AG. Gentlemanly capitalism in New Zealand. Australian Economic History Review 2003;43:287–97. doi:10.1046/j.1467-8446.2003.00055.x
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McAloon J. Gentlemen, capitalists and settlers: a brief response. Australian Economic History Review 2003;43:298–304. doi:10.1046/j.1467-8446.2003.00056.x
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Ged Martin. Canada from 1815. In: The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1999. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665934550002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745
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Phillip Buckner. The Creation of the Dominion of Canada, 1860-1901. In: Canada and the British Empire. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2008.
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Andrew Smith. The Reaction of the City of London to the Quebec Resolutions, 1864-1866. Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 2006;17.http://www.erudit.org/revue/jcha/2006/v17/n1/016100ar.pdf
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Cain PJ, Hopkins AG. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: : Taylor and Francis 2016. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941
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David Washbrook. The Indian Economy and the British Empire, Chapter. In: India and the British Empire. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2012.
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Robin J. Moore. Imperial India, 1858-1914. In: The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1999. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/reader.action?docID=886621&ppg=445
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Farnie DA. Chapter 3, The Growth of the World Market,. In: The English cotton industry and the world market, 1815-1896. Oxford: : Clarendon Press 1979.
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E. H. H. Green. Rentiers versus Producers? The Political Economy of the Bimetallic Controversy c. 1880-1898. The English Historical Review 1988;103:588–612.http://www.jstor.org/stable/572693
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Darwin, John. The empire project: the rise and fall of the British world-system, 1830-1970. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2009. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122
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Dejung C, Cohen P. Commodity trading, globalization and the colonial world: spinning the web of the global market. New York, [New York]: : Routledge 2018. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5254624
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A.G. Chandavarkar. Money and Credit (1858–1947). In: The Cambridge economic history of India: Vol. 2: C. 1757-c. 1970. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2008. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521228022
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Charlesworth, Neil, Economic History Society. British rule and the Indian economy, 1800-1914. London: : Macmillan 1982.
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K. N. Chaudhuri. India’s International Economy in the Nineteenth Century: An Historical Survey. Modern Asian Studies 1968;2:31–50.http://www.jstor.org/stable/311564
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K.N. Chaudhuri. Foreign Trade and Balance of Payments (1757–1947). In: The Cambridge economic history of India: Vol. 2: C. 1757-c. 1970. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2008. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665216210002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745
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Clive Dewey. The end of the imperialism of free trade: the eclipse of the Lancashire lobby and the concession of fiscal autonomy to India. In: The imperial impact: studies in the economic history of Africa and India. London: : Athlone Press for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies 1978.
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E. H. H. Green. Gentlemanly capitalism and British economic policy, 1880-1914: the debate over bimetalllism and protectionism. In: Gentlemanly capitalism and British imperialism: the new debate on empire. London: : Longman 1999. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1756996
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Harnetty, Peter. Imperialism and free trade: Lancashire and India in the mid-nineteenth century. Vancouver: : University of British Columbia 1972.
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Peter Harnetty. The Imperialism of Free Trade: Lancashire, India, and the Cotton Supply Question, 1861-1865. Journal of British Studies 1966;6:70–96.http://www.jstor.org/stable/175194
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Peter Harnetty. The Imperialism of Free Trade: Lancashire and the Indian Cotton Duties, 1859-1862. The Economic History Review 1965;18:333–49.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592098
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Ira Klein. English Free Traders and Indian Tariffs, 1874-96. Modern Asian Studies 1971;5:251–71.http://www.jstor.org/stable/311702
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Dharma Kumar. The Fiscal System. In: The Cambridge economic history of India: Vol. 2: C. 1757-c. 1970. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2008. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521228022
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R. J. Moore. Imperialism and ‘Free Trade’ Policy in India, 1853-4. The Economic History Review 1964;17:135–45.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592695
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Munro, J. Forbes. Maritime enterprise and empire: Sir William Mackinnon and his business network, 1823-93. Woodbridge: : Boydell Press 2003.
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Rothermund D. An Economic History of India: From Pre-Colonial Times to 1991. 2nd ed. Abingdon, Oxon: : Taylor & Francis Group 1988. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=178551
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Saul, S. B. Studies in British overseas trade, 1870-1914. Liverpool: : Liverpool University Press 1960.
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Roy, Tirthankar. India in the world economy: from antiquity to the present. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2012.
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Tomlinson, B. R. The new Cambridge history of India: III.3: Economy of modern India, 1860-1970. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2008. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362306
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Tomlinson J. Dundee and the Empire: ‘Juteopolis’ 1850-1939. Edinburgh: : Edinburgh University Press 2014. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1767553
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De Cecco M. Money and empire: the International Gold Standard, 1890-1914. Oxford: : Blackwell 1974.
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Dwijendra Tripathi. Opportunism of Free Trade: Lancashire Cotton Famine and Indian Cotton Cultivation. Indian economic and social history review 1967;4.
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Anthony Webster. The Political Economy of Trade Liberalization: The East India Company Charter Act of 1813. The Economic History Review 1990;43:404–19.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2596940
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Webster, Anthony. The twilight of the East India Company: the evolution of Anglo-Asian commerce and politics, 1790-1860. Woodbridge: : Boydell Press 2009.
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A. G. Hopkins. The Victorians and Africa: A Reconsideration of the Occupation of Egypt, 1882. The Journal of African History 1986;27:363–91.http://www.jstor.org/stable/181140
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Colin Newbury. Great Britain and the Partition of Africa. In: The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1999. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664680960002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745
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Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid-Marsot. The British Occupation of Egypt from 1882. In: The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1999. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665937620002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745
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Robinson, Ronald, Gallagher, John, Denny, Alice. Africa and the Victorians: the official mind of imperialism. London: : Macmillan 1961.
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Halvorson D. Prestige, Prudence and Public Opinion in the 1882 British Occupation of Egypt. Australian Journal of Politics & History 2010;56:423–40. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8497.2010.01563.x
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Richard A. Atkins. The Conservatives and Egypt, 1875-1880. The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history 1974;2:190–205. doi:10.1080/03086537408582404
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Atkins, Richard A. The Origins of the Anglo-French Condominium in Egypt; 1875-1876. The Historian 1974;36.http://search.proquest.com/pao/docview/1296506023/141B2234C92EC6A627/1?accountid=7420
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M. E. Chamberlain. Sir Charles Dilke and the British Intervention in Egypt, 1882: Decision Making in a Nineteenth-Century Cabinet. British Journal of International Studies 1976;2:231–45.http://www.jstor.org/stable/20096777
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M. E. Chamberlain. The Alexandria Massacre of 11 June 1882 and the British Occupation of Egypt. Middle Eastern Studies 1977;13:14–39.http://www.jstor.org/stable/4282618
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Alexander Schölch. The ‘Men on the Spot’ and the English Occupation of Egypt in 1882. The Historical Journal 1976;19:773–85.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2638229
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P. J. Cain. British Radicalism, the South African Crisis and the Origins of the Theory of Financial Imperialism. In: The impact of the South African War. New York: : Palgrave 2001.
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Andrew Porter. The South African War (1899-1902): Context and Motive Reconsidered. The Journal of African History 1990;31:43–57.http://www.jstor.org/stable/182800
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Darwin, John. The empire project: the rise and fall of the British world-system, 1830-1970. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2009. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122
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Shula Marks. Southern and Central Africa, 1886-1910. In: The Cambridge history of Africa: Vol. 6: From 1870 to 1905. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2008. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665216190002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745
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Christopher Saunders, Iain R. Smith. Southern Africa, 1795-1910. In: The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1999. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665847950002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745
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Stanley Trapido. Imperialism, Settler Identities, and Colonial Capitalism: The Hundred-Year Origins of the 1899 South African War. In: Ross R, Mager AK, Nasson B, eds. The Cambridge History of South Africa. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2011. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-south-africa/imperialism-settler-identities-and-colonial-capitalism-the-hundredyear-origins-of-the-1899-south-african-war/7ED1C8783FDD0E64075B3D11343B7CF7
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A. Atmore, S, Marks. The Imperial Factor in South Africa in the Nineteenth Century: Towards a Reassessment. Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 1974;3. doi:10.1080/03086537408582423
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Porter, A. N. The origins of the South African War: Joseph Chamberlain and the diplomacy of imperialism, 1895-99. Manchester [Eng.]: : Manchester University Press 1980.
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Robinson, Ronald, Gallagher, John, Denny, Alice. Africa and the Victorians: the official mind of imperialism. London: : Macmillan 1961.
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Smith, Iain R. The origins of the South African War, 1899-1902. London: : Longman 1996.
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Jean Jacques Van-Helten. Empire and High Finance: South Africa and the International Gold Standard 1890-1914. The Journal of African History 1982;23:529–48.http://www.jstor.org/stable/182040
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Cain PJ, Hopkins AG. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: : Taylor and Francis 2016. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941
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Colin Newbury. Great Britain and the Partition of Africa. In: The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1999. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664680960002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745
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G. N. Sanderson. The European Partition of Africa: Origins and Dynamics. In: The Cambridge history of Africa: Vol. 6: From 1870 to 1905. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2008. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664680940002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745
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Chamberlain, Muriel Evelyn. The scramble for Africa. 2nd ed. New York: : Longman 1999.
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Munro, J. Forbes. Britain in tropical Africa, 1880-1960: economic relationships and impact. London: : Macmillan 1984.
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Ronald Hyam. The partition of Africa: geopolitical and internal perspectives. In: Understanding the British Empire. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2010. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511760495/type/BOOK
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Hynes WG. The economics of Empire: Britain, Africa and the new imperialism, 1870-95. London: : Longman 1979.
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Robinson, Ronald, Gallagher, John, Denny, Alice. Africa and the Victorians: the official mind of imperialism. London: : Macmillan 1961.
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Wesseling HL. Divide and rule: the partition of Africa, 1880-1914. Westport, Conn: : Praeger 1996.
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John Darwin. Imperialism and the Victorians: The Dynamics of Territorial Expansion. The English Historical Review 1997;112:614–42.http://www.jstor.org/stable/576347
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Galbraith JS. MacKinnon and East Africa 1878-1895: A Study in the ‘new Imperialism’.
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D. R. Gillard. Salisbury’s African Policy and the Heligoland Offer of 1890. The English Historical Review 1960;75:631–53.http://www.jstor.org/stable/558111?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
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Munro JF. Maritime enterprise and empire: Sir William Mackinnon and his business network, 1823-93. Woodbridge: : Boydell Press 2003.
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Dumett RE. A West African ‘Fashoda’: Expanding Trade, Colonial Rivalries and Insurrection in the Côte d’Ivoire/Gold Coast Borderlands: The Assikasso Crisis of 1897–98. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 2013;41:710–43. doi:10.1080/03086534.2013.768093
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Dumett RE. Imperialism, economic development and social change in West Africa. Durham, N.C.: : Carolina Academic Press 2013.
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Martin Lynn. Change and Continuity in the British Palm Oil Trade with West Africa, 1830-55. The Journal of African History 1981;22:331–48.http://www.jstor.org/stable/181807
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Martin Lynn. The "Imperialism of free trade” and the case of West Africa, c. 1830-c.1870. The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history 1986;15.
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Martin Lynn. From Sail to Steam: The Impact of the Steamship Services on the British Palm Oil Trade with West Africa, 1850-1890. The Journal of African History 1989;30:227–45.http://www.jstor.org/stable/183066
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A. G. Hopkins. Economic Imperialism in West Africa: Lagos, 1880-92. The Economic History Review 1968;21:580–606.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592752
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Hargreaves JD. West Africa partitioned: Vol.1: The loaded purse, 1885-1889. London: : Macmillan 1974.
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Hopkins, A. G. An economic history of West Africa. [Harlow]: : Longman 1973.
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W. G. Hynes. British Mercantile Attitudes towards Imperial Expansion. The Historical Journal 1976;19:969–79.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2638245
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B. M. Ratcliffe. Commerce and Empire: Manchester Merchants and West Africa, 1873-1895. The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history 1979;7.
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Cain PJ, Hopkins AG. British Imperialism: 1688-2015. 3rd ed. Florence: : Taylor and Francis 2016. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941
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Darwin, John. The empire project: the rise and fall of the British world-system, 1830-1970. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2009. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122
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Alan Knight. Britain and Latin America. In: The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1999. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4962657
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Andrew Thompson. Informal Empire? An Exploration in the History of Anglo-Argentine Relations, 1810-1914. Journal of Latin American Studies 1992;24:419–36.http://www.jstor.org/stable/157073
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A. G. Hopkins. Informal Empire in Argentina: An Alternative View. Journal of Latin American Studies 1994;26:469–84.http://www.jstor.org/stable/157952
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Bethell, Leslie. The Cambridge history of Latin America: Vol. 3: From independence to c. 1870. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2008. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521232241
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Bethell, Leslie. The Cambridge history of Latin America: Vol. 4: C. 1870 to 1930. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2008. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521232258
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Bethell, Leslie. The Cambridge history of Latin America: Vol. 5: c1870-1930. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2008. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521245173
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Brown, Matthew. Informal empire in Latin America: culture, commerce and capital. Oxford, UK: : Blackwell Pub 2008.
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Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. The economic history of Latin America since independence. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1994.
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Richard Graham. Robinson and Gallagher in South America: The meaning of Informal Imperialism. In: Imperialism: the Robinson and Gallagher controversy. New York: : New Viewpoints 1976.
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Platt, D. C. M. Business imperialism, 1840-1930: an inquiry based on British experience in Latin America. Oxford: : Clarendon Press 1977.
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Miller, Rory. Britain and Latin America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. London: : Longman 1993.
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H. S. Ferns. Britain’s Informal Empire in Argentina, 1806-1914. Past & Present 1953;:60–75.http://www.jstor.org/stable/649897
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H. S. Ferns. The Baring Crisis Revisited. Journal of Latin American Studies 1992;24:241–73.http://www.jstor.org/stable/157067
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William J. Fleming. Profits and Visions: British Capital and Railway Construction in Argentina, 1854-1886. In: Railway imperialism. New York: : Greenwood Press 1991.
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A. G. Ford. Argentina and the Baring Crisis of 1890. Oxford Economic Papers 1956;8:127–50.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2661728
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John E. Hodge. Carlos Pellegrini and the Financial Crisis of 1890. The Hispanic American Historical Review 1970;50:499–523.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2512194
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Charles Jones. Great Capitalists and the Direction of British Overseas Investment in the Late Nineteenth Century: The Case of Argentina. Business history 1980;2.http://gl9sn3dh2u.search.serialssolutions.com/?V=1.0&N=50&L=GL9SN3DH2U&S=T_B&issn=0007-6791
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Charles Jones. ‘Business Imperialism’ and Argentina, 1875-1900: A Theoretical Note. Journal of Latin American Studies 1980;12:437–44.http://www.jstor.org/stable/156505
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Lewis, Colin M., University of London. British railways in Argentina, 1857-1914: a case study of foreign investment. London: : Athlone 1983.
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Lewis CM. Britain, the Argentine and Informal Empire: Rethinking the Role of Railway Companies. Bulletin of Latin American Research 2008;27:99–123. doi:10.1111/j.1470-9856.2007.00246.x
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Rock D. The British in Argentina: From Informal Empire to Postcolonialism. Bulletin of Latin American Research 2008;27:49–77. doi:10.1111/j.1470-9856.2007.00244.x
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Williams, John Henry. Argentine international trade under inconvertible paper money, 1880-1900. New York: : Greenwood Press
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Winthrop R. Wright. Foreign-Owned Railways in Argentina: A Case Study of Economic Nationalism. The Business History Review 1967;41:62–93.http://www.jstor.org/stable/3112421
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Ziegler, Philip. The sixth great power: Barings, 1762-1929. London: : Collins 1988.
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H. H. J., Finch. British imperialism in Uruguay: the public utility companies and the batllista state, 1900-1930. In: Latin America, economic imperialism and the state: the political economy of the external connection from independence to the present. London: : Athlone Press 1985. https://blackboard.le.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/pid-986755-dt-content-rid-2455514_5/library/eReserves/HS3614/HS3614_33469.pdf
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Graham, Richard. Britain and the onset of modernization in Brazil 1850-1914. Cambridge: : University Press 1968.
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W. M. Mathew. The Imperialism of Free Trade: Peru, 1820-70. The Economic History Review 1968;21:562–79.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592751
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John Mayo. Britain and Chile, 1851-1886: Anatomy of a Relationship. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 1981;23:95–120.http://www.jstor.org/stable/165544
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Eugene W. Ridings. Business, Nationality and Dependency in Late Nineteenth Century Brazil. Journal of Latin American Studies 1982;14:55–96.http://www.jstor.org/stable/view/155727
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Peter Winn. British Informal Empire in Uruguay in the Nineteenth Century. Past & Present 1976;:100–26.http://www.jstor.org/stable/650427
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Fieldhouse DK. Economics and empire, 1830-1914. London: : Macmillan 1984.
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Hsu ICY. Late Ch’ing foreign relations, 1866–1905. In: The Cambridge history of China: Vol. 11: Late Ch’ing, 1800-1911, Part 2. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2008. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-china/late-ching-foreign-relations-18661905/37F1BF69B5BEABE329AA2A9C5C2FFDDA
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Jürgen Osterhammel. Britain and China, 1842-1914. In: The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1999. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/reader.action?docID=4962657&ppg=168
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Phoebe Chow. Britain’s Imperial Retreat from China, 1900-1931. London: : Routledge 2016. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4595190
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Clarence B. Davis. Financing Imperialism: British and American Bankers as Vectors of Imperial Expansion in China, 1908-1920. The Business History Review 1982;56:236–64.http://www.jstor.org/stable/3113978
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John K. Fairbank. The creation of the treaty system. In: The Cambridge history of China, Vol.10, Late Ch’ing, 1800-1911, Part 1. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2008. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665847930002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745
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David McLean. Commerce, Finance, and British Diplomatic Support in China, 1885-86. The Economic History Review 1973;26:464–76.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2593546
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David Mclean. Finance and ‘Informal Empire’ before the First World War. The Economic History Review 1976;29:291–305.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2594316
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Niels P. Petersson. Gentlemanly and Not-so-Gentlemanly Imperialism in China before the First World War. In: Gentlemanly capitalism, imperialism, and global history. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: : Palgrave Macmillan 2002. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=6302666
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Ian Phimister. Foreign Devils, Finance and Informal Empire: Britain and China c. 1900-1912. Modern Asian Studies 2006;40:737–59.http://www.jstor.org/stable/3876545
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Wilgus, Mary H. Sir Claude MacDonald, the open door, and British informal empire in China, 1895-1900. New York: : Garland 1987.
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P. J. Cain. Political Economy and Edwardian England: the Tariff-reform Controversy.
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E. H. H. Green. The Political Economy of Empire, 1880-1914. In: The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1999. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/reader.action?docID=4962657&ppg=368
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Fraser, Peter. Joseph Chamberlain: Radicalism and empire, 1868-1914. London: : Cassell 1966.
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Gollin, Alfred. Balfour’s burden: Arthur Balfour and imperial preference. London: : Anthony Blond 1965.
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E. H. H. Green. Gentlemanly capitalism and British economic policy, 1880-1914: the debate over bimetalllism and protectionism. In: Gentlemanly capitalism and British imperialism: the new debate on empire. London: : Longman 1999. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1756996
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Judd, Denis. Radical Joe: a life of Joseph Chamberlain. London: : Hamish Hamilton 1977.
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Judd, Denis. Balfour and the British Empire: a study in Imperial evolution 1874-1932. London: : Macmillan 1968.
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Roger S. Mason. Robert Giffen and the Tariff Reform Campaign, 1865-1910. The journal of European economic history 1996;25.https://www.jeeh.it/it/articolo?urn=urn:abi:abi:RIV.JOU:1996;1.171
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Andrew S. Thompson. Tariff Reform: An Imperial Strategy, 1903-1913. The Historical Journal 1997;40:1033–54.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2640133
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Thompson, Andrew S. The empire strikes back?: the impact of imperialism on Britain from the mid-nineteenth century. 1st ed. Harlow: : Pearson Longman 2005. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1782380
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Thompson, Andrew S. Imperial Britain: the empire in British politics, c.1880-1932. Harlow: : Longman 2000.
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Tomlinson J. Responding to Globalization?: Churchill and Dundee in 1908. Twentieth Century British History 2010;21:257–80. doi:10.1093/tcbh/hwq017
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Luke Trainor. The British Government and Imperial Economic Unity, 1890-1895. The Historical Journal 1970;13:68–84.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2637823
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Sydney H. Zebel. Joseph Chamberlain and the Genesis of Tariff Reform. Journal of British Studies 1967;7:131–57.http://www.jstor.org/stable/175383
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Miles Taylor. Cobden, Richard (1804–1865). In: Oxford dictionary of national biography. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2004. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5741
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Peter Cain. Capitalism, War and Internationalism in the Thought of Richard Cobden. British Journal of International Studies 1979;5:229–47.http://www.jstor.org/stable/20096868
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Howe, Anthony, Morgan, Simon. Rethinking nineteenth-century liberalism: Richard Cobden bicentenary essays. Aldershot: : Ashgate 2007.
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Semmel, Bernard. The rise of free trade imperialism: classical political economy, the empire of free trade and imperialism, 1750-1850. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2004. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rise-of-free-trade-imperialism/46845A1CC780C7CF9214B0FEDD20022E
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Miles Taylor. Imperium and Libertas? Rethinking the radical critique of imperialism during the nineteenth century. Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 1991;19:1–18. doi:10.1080/03086539108582826
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Michael Freeden. Hobson, John Atkinson (1858–1940). In: Oxford dictionary of national biography. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2004. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33909
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