Bibliography for HS3614 - The Imperial Economy: Britain and the Developing World, 1815-1914 Reading List BETA

@article{A. Atmore_S, Marks_1974, title={The Imperial Factor in South Africa in the Nineteenth Century: Towards a Reassessment}, volume={3}, DOI={10.1080/03086537408582423}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History}, author={A. Atmore and S, Marks}, year={1974} }

@article{A. G. Ford_1956, title={Argentina and the Baring Crisis of 1890}, volume={8}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2661728}, number={2}, journal={Oxford Economic Papers}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={A. G. Ford}, year={1956}, pages={127–150} }

@inbook{1975a, address={London}, title={British Investment and Argentine Economic Development, 1880-1914}, booktitle={Argentina in the twentieth century}, publisher={Duckworth}, author={A. G. Ford}, year={1975} }

@article{A. G. Hopkins_1968, title={Economic Imperialism in West Africa: Lagos, 1880-92}, volume={21}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592752}, number={3}, journal={The Economic History Review}, publisher={Wiley}, author={A. G. Hopkins}, year={1968}, pages={580–606} }

@article{A. G. Hopkins_1986, title={The Victorians and Africa: A Reconsideration of the Occupation of Egypt, 1882}, volume={27}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/181140}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of African History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={A. G. Hopkins}, year={1986}, pages={363–391} }

@article{A. G. Hopkins_1988, address={London}, title={Accounting for the British empire}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1080/03086538808582759}, number={2}, journal={The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history}, publisher={Routledge, Taylor & Francis}, author={A. G. Hopkins}, year={1988} }

@article{A. G. Hopkins_1994, title={Informal Empire in Argentina: An Alternative View}, volume={26}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/157952}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={A. G. Hopkins}, year={1994}, pages={469–484} }

@article{A. Porter_1990, address={London}, title={"Gentlemanly capitalism” and empire. The British experience since 1750?}, volume={18}, DOI={10.1080/03086539008582819}, journal={The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history}, publisher={Routledge, Taylor & Francis}, author={A. Porter}, year={1990}, pages={265–295} }

@inbook{2008a, address={Oxford}, title={The Economics of Empire}, booktitle={The British Empire: themes and perspectives}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={A. R. Dilley}, year={2008} }

@book{Abel, Christopher_Lewis, Colin M._1985, address={London}, title={Latin America, economic imperialism and the state: the political economy of the external connection from independence to the present}, volume={Monographs / University of London, Institute of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Athlone Press}, author={Abel, Christopher and Lewis, Colin M.}, year={1985} }

@inbook{1999a, address={Oxford}, title={The British Occupation of Egypt from 1882}, url={http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665937620002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745}, booktitle={The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid-Marsot}, year={1999} }

@inbook{2008b, address={Cambridge}, title={Money and Credit (1858–1947)}, volume={Cambridge histories online}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521228022}, booktitle={The Cambridge economic history of India: Vol. 2: C. 1757-c. 1970}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={A.G. Chandavarkar}, year={2008} }

@inbook{1999b, address={Oxford}, title={Britain and Latin America}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4962657}, booktitle={The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Alan Knight}, year={1999} }

@article{Alexander Schölch_1976, title={The ‘Men on the Spot’ and the English Occupation of Egypt in 1882}, volume={19}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2638229}, number={3}, journal={The Historical Journal}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Alexander Schölch}, year={1976}, pages={773–785} }

@book{Alford, B. W. E._1996, address={London}, title={Britain in the world economy since 1880}, volume={Social and economic history of England}, publisher={Longman}, author={Alford, B. W. E.}, year={1996} }

@book{Allett, John_1981, address={Toronto}, title={New liberalism: the political economy of J.A. Hobson}, publisher={University of Toronto Press}, author={Allett, John}, year={1981} }

@article{Andrew Porter_1988, title={The Balance Sheet of Empire, 1850-1914}, volume={31}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2639763}, number={3}, journal={The Historical Journal}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Andrew Porter}, year={1988}, pages={685–699} }

@article{Andrew Porter_1990, title={The South African War (1899-1902): Context and Motive Reconsidered}, volume={31}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/182800}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of African History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Andrew Porter}, year={1990}, pages={43–57} }

@book{Andrew Porter_1999, address={Oxford}, title={The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?pq-origsite=primo&docID=886621}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Andrew Porter}, year={1999} }

@article{Andrew S. Thompson_1997, title={Tariff Reform: An Imperial Strategy, 1903-1913}, volume={40}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2640133}, number={4}, journal={The Historical Journal}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Andrew S. Thompson}, year={1997}, pages={1033–1054} }

@article{2006, title={The Reaction of the City of London to the Quebec Resolutions, 1864-1866}, volume={17}, url={http://www.erudit.org/revue/jcha/2006/v17/n1/016100ar.pdf}, journal={Journal of the Canadian Historical Association}, author={Andrew Smith}, year={2006} }

@article{Andrew Thompson_1992, title={Informal Empire? An Exploration in the History of Anglo-Argentine Relations, 1810-1914}, volume={24}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/157073}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Andrew Thompson}, year={1992}, pages={419–436} }

@article{Anthony Webster_1990, title={The Political Economy of Trade Liberalization: The East India Company Charter Act of 1813}, volume={43}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2596940}, number={3}, journal={The Economic History Review}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Anthony Webster}, year={1990}, pages={404–419} }

@article{Atkins, Richard A_1974, title={The Origins of the Anglo-French Condominium in Egypt; 1875-1876}, volume={36}, url={http://search.proquest.com/pao/docview/1296506023/141B2234C92EC6A627/1?accountid=7420}, number={2}, journal={The Historian}, publisher={Phi Alpha Theta.}, author={Atkins, Richard A}, year={1974} }

@article{Attard_2007, title={From Free-trade Imperialism to Structural Power: New Zealand and the Capital Market, 1856–68}, volume={35}, DOI={10.1080/03086530701667468}, number={4}, journal={The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History}, author={Attard, Bernard}, year={2007}, pages={505–527} }

@article{Attard_2012, title={Making the Colonial State: Development, Debt and Warfard in New Zealand, 1853-76}, volume={52}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-8446.2012.00345.x}, number={2}, journal={Australian Economic History Review}, author={Attard, Bernard}, year={2012}, pages={101–127} }

@article{Attard_2013, title={Bridgeheads, ‘Colonial Places’ and the Queensland Financial Crisis of 1866}, volume={41}, DOI={10.1080/03086534.2013.762152}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History}, author={Attard, Bernard}, year={2013}, pages={11–36} }

@inbook{1999c, address={Oxford}, title={Cost and Benefits, Prosperity and Security, 1870-1914}, url={http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664680890002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745}, booktitle={The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Avner Ofer}, year={1999} }

@article{Avner Offer_1993, title={The British Empire, 1870-1914: A Waste of Money?}, volume={46}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2598015}, number={2}, journal={The Economic History Review}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Avner Offer}, year={1993}, pages={215–238} }

@article{1979, address={London}, title={Commerce and Empire: Manchester Merchants and West Africa, 1873-1895}, volume={7}, journal={The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history}, publisher={Routledge, Taylor & Francis}, author={B. M. Ratcliffe}, year={1979} }

@inbook{1999d, address={Oxford}, title={Economics and Empire: The Periphery and the Imperial Economy}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?pq-origsite=primo&docID=886621}, booktitle={The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={B. R. Tomlinson}, year={1999} }

@book{Ballantyne_Burton_2012, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={Empires and the reach of the global, 1870-1945}, publisher={The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press}, author={Ballantyne, Tony and Burton, Antoinette M.}, year={2012} }

@inbook{2013a, address={Leiden}, title={Wakefieldian investment and the birth of new societies, c. 1830 to 1930}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1112246}, booktitle={Settler Economies in World History}, publisher={Brill}, author={Bernard Attard}, editor={Christopher Lloyd and Jacob Metzer and Richard Sutch}, year={2013} }

@article{Bernard Semmel_1961, title={The Philosophic Radicals and Colonialism}, volume={21}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2114415}, number={4}, journal={The Journal of Economic History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Bernard Semmel}, year={1961}, pages={513–525} }

@inbook{1961, address={Cambridge}, title={The Wakefield program for middle-class empire}, booktitle={The rise of free trade imperialism: classical political economy, the empire of free trade and imperialism, 1750-1850}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Bernard Semmel}, year={1961} }

@book{Bethell, Leslie_2008a, address={Cambridge}, title={The Cambridge history of Latin America: Vol. 3: From independence to c. 1870}, volume={Cambridge histories online}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521232241}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Bethell, Leslie}, year={2008} }

@book{Bethell, Leslie_2008b, address={Cambridge}, title={The Cambridge history of Latin America: Vol. 4: C. 1870 to 1930}, volume={Cambridge histories online}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521232258}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Bethell, Leslie}, year={2008} }

@book{Bethell, Leslie_2008c, address={Cambridge}, title={The Cambridge history of Latin America: Vol. 5: c1870-1930}, volume={Cambridge histories online}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521245173}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Bethell, Leslie}, year={2008} }

@article{Bridge_Fedorowich_2003, title={Mapping the British world}, volume={31}, DOI={10.1080/03086530310001705576}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History}, author={Bridge, Carl and Fedorowich, Kent}, year={2003}, pages={1–15} }

@book{Brown, Matthew_2008, address={Oxford, UK}, title={Informal empire in Latin America: culture, commerce and capital}, publisher={Blackwell Pub}, author={Brown, Matthew}, year={2008} }

@book{Bulmer-Thomas, Victor_1994, address={Cambridge}, title={The economic history of Latin America since independence}, volume={Cambridge Latin American studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Bulmer-Thomas, Victor}, year={1994} }

@inbook{2008c, address={Cambridge}, title={Trade: discovery, mercantilism and technology}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-economic-history-of-modern-britain/CE91402967901B6BF90415B4D73FC79B}, booktitle={The Cambridge economic history of modern Britain: Vol. 1: Industrialisation, 1700-1860}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={C. Knick Harley}, year={2008} }

@inbook{2008d, address={Cambridge}, title={Trade, 1870–1939: from globalisation to fragmentation}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-economic-history-of-modern-britain/trade-18701939-from-globalisation-to-fragmentation/9A1A8EDA63431F5177AE5053DE66B412}, booktitle={The Cambridge economic history of modern Britain: Vol. 2: Economic maturity, 1860-1939}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={C. Knick Harley}, year={2008} }

@inbook{C. R., Fay_1929, address={Cambridge}, title={The movement towards free trade, 1820-1853}, volume={2: The growth of the new empire 1783-1870}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.beal/camhistbre0002&i=400}, booktitle={The Cambridge history of the British Empire}, publisher={The University Press}, author={C. R., Fay}, year={1929} }

@book{Cain, P. J._2002, address={Oxford}, title={Hobson and imperialism: radicalism, new liberalism, and finance 1887-1938}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203902.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Cain, P. J.}, year={2002} }

@book{Cain_Economic History Society_1980, address={London}, title={Economic foundations of British overseas expansion, 1815-1914}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Cain, P. J. and Economic History Society}, year={1980} }

@article{Cain_2013, title={Afterword: The Economics of the ‘British World’}, volume={41}, DOI={10.1080/03086534.2013.762160}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History}, author={Cain, Peter}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={98–103} }

@book{Cain_Hopkins_2016a, address={Florence}, edition={3rd ed}, title={British Imperialism: 1688-2015}, url={http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941}, publisher={Taylor and Francis}, author={Cain, P.J. and Hopkins, A. G.}, year={2016} }

@book{Cain_Hopkins_2016b, address={Florence}, edition={3rd ed}, title={British Imperialism: 1688-2015}, url={http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941}, publisher={Taylor and Francis}, author={Cain, P.J. and Hopkins, A. G.}, year={2016} }

@book{Cain_Hopkins_2016c, address={Florence}, edition={3rd ed}, title={British Imperialism: 1688-2015}, url={http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941}, publisher={Taylor and Francis}, author={Cain, P.J. and Hopkins, A. G.}, year={2016} }

@book{Cain_Hopkins_2016d, address={Florence}, edition={3rd ed}, title={British Imperialism: 1688-2015}, url={http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941}, publisher={Taylor and Francis}, author={Cain, P.J. and Hopkins, A. G.}, year={2016} }

@book{Cain_Hopkins_2016e, address={Florence}, edition={3rd ed}, title={British Imperialism: 1688-2015}, url={http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941}, publisher={Taylor and Francis}, author={Cain, P.J. and Hopkins, A. G.}, year={2016} }

@book{Cain_Hopkins_2016f, address={Florence}, edition={3rd ed}, title={British Imperialism: 1688-2015}, url={http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941}, publisher={Taylor and Francis}, author={Cain, P.J. and Hopkins, A. G.}, year={2016} }

@book{Cain_Hopkins_2016g, address={Florence}, edition={3rd ed}, title={British Imperialism: 1688-2015}, url={http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941}, publisher={Taylor and Francis}, author={Cain, P.J. and Hopkins, A. G.}, year={2016} }

@book{Cain_Hopkins_2016h, address={Florence}, edition={3rd ed}, title={British Imperialism: 1688-2015}, url={http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941}, publisher={Taylor and Francis}, author={Cain, P.J. and Hopkins, A. G.}, year={2016} }

@book{Cain_Hopkins_2016i, address={Florence}, edition={3rd ed}, title={British Imperialism: 1688-2015}, url={http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941}, publisher={Taylor and Francis}, author={Cain, P.J. and Hopkins, A. G.}, year={2016} }

@book{Cain_Hopkins_2016j, address={Florence}, edition={3rd ed}, title={British Imperialism: 1688-2015}, url={http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941}, publisher={Taylor and Francis}, author={Cain, P.J. and Hopkins, A. G.}, year={2016} }

@book{Cain_Hopkins_2016k, address={Florence}, edition={3rd ed}, title={British Imperialism: 1688-2015}, url={http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4431941}, publisher={Taylor and Francis}, author={Cain, P.J. and Hopkins, A. G.}, year={2016} }

@book{Cassis_2006, address={Cambridge}, title={Capitals of capital: a history of international financial centres, 1780-2005}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=802981}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Cassis, Youssef}, year={2006} }

@book{Chamberlain, Muriel Evelyn_1999, address={New York}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The scramble for Africa}, volume={Seminar studies in history}, publisher={Longman}, author={Chamberlain, Muriel Evelyn}, year={1999} }

@article{1980, address={Liverpool}, title={Great Capitalists and the Direction of British Overseas Investment in the Late Nineteenth Century: The Case of Argentina}, volume={2}, url={http://gl9sn3dh2u.search.serialssolutions.com/?V=1.0&N=50&L=GL9SN3DH2U&S=T_B&issn=0007-6791}, number={2}, journal={Business history}, publisher={Liverpool University Press}, author={Charles Jones}, year={1980} }

@article{Charles Jones_1980, title={‘Business Imperialism’ and Argentina, 1875-1900: A Theoretical Note}, volume={12}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/156505}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Charles Jones}, year={1980}, pages={437–444} }

@book{Charlesworth, Neil_Economic History Society_1982, address={London}, title={British rule and the Indian economy, 1800-1914}, volume={Studies in economic and social history}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Charlesworth, Neil and Economic History Society}, year={1982} }

@inbook{1999e, address={Oxford}, title={Southern Africa, 1795-1910}, url={http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665847950002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745}, booktitle={The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Christopher Saunders and Iain R. Smith}, year={1999} }

@article{Clarence B. Davis_1982, title={Financing Imperialism: British and American Bankers as Vectors of Imperial Expansion in China, 1908-1920}, volume={56}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/3113978}, number={2}, journal={The Business History Review}, publisher={The President and Fellows of Harvard College}, author={Clarence B. Davis}, year={1982}, pages={236–264} }

@inbook{1978, address={London}, title={The end of the imperialism of free trade: the eclipse of the Lancashire lobby and the concession of fiscal autonomy to India}, volume={Commonwealth papers}, booktitle={The imperial impact: studies in the economic history of Africa and India}, publisher={Athlone Press for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies}, author={Clive Dewey}, year={1978} }

@inbook{1999f, address={Oxford}, title={Great Britain and the Partition of Africa}, url={http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664680960002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745}, booktitle={The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Colin Newbury}, year={1999} }

@inbook{1999g, address={Oxford}, title={Great Britain and the Partition of Africa}, url={http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664680960002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745}, booktitle={The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Colin Newbury}, year={1999} }

@book{Cottrell, P. L._Economic History Society_1975, address={London}, title={British overseas investment in the nineteenth century}, volume={Studies in economic and social history}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Cottrell, P. L. and Economic History Society}, year={1975} }

@book{Crouzet, François_1982, address={London}, title={The Victorian economy}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Crouzet, François}, year={1982} }

@article{D. C. M. Platt_1968, title={The Imperialism of Free Trade: Some Reservations}, volume={21}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592437}, number={2}, journal={The Economic History Review}, publisher={Wiley}, author={D. C. M. Platt}, year={1968}, pages={296–306} }

@article{D. C. M. Platt_1973, title={Further Objections to an ‘Imperialism of Free Trade’, 1830-60}, volume={26}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2594760}, number={1}, journal={The Economic History Review}, publisher={Wiley}, author={D. C. M. Platt}, year={1973}, pages={77–91} }

@inbook{ title={Palmer, William Waldegrave, second earl of Selborne (1859-1942)}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-35373}, booktitle={Oxford Dictionary of National Biography}, author={D. George Boyce} }

@article{D. K. Fieldhouse_1961, title={‘Imperialism’: An Historiographical Revision}, volume={14}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2593218}, number={2}, journal={The Economic History Review}, publisher={Wiley}, author={D. K. Fieldhouse}, year={1961}, pages={187–209} }

@article{D. K. Fieldhouse_1994, address={London}, title={Gentlemen, capitalists, and the British empire}, volume={22}, DOI={10.1080/03086539408582938}, journal={The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history}, publisher={Routledge, Taylor & Francis}, author={D. K. Fieldhouse}, year={1994}, pages={531–541} }

@article{D. McLean_1973, title={The Foreign Office and the First Chinese Indemnity Loan, 1895}, volume={16}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2638314}, number={2}, journal={The Historical Journal}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={D. McLean}, year={1973}, pages={303–321} }

@article{D. N. Winch_1963, title={Classical Economics and the Case for Colonization}, volume={30}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2550802?&Search=yes&searchText=Winch&list=hide&searchUri=%252Faction%252FdoBasicSearch%253FQuery%253DWinch%2526filter%253Djid%25253A10.2307%25252Fj100144%2526Search%253DSearch%2526wc%253Don%2526fc%253Doff%2526globalSearch%253D%2526sbbBox%253D%2526sbjBox%253D%2526sbpBox%253D&prevSearch=&item=1&ttl=80&returnArticleService=showFullText}, number={120}, journal={Economica}, publisher={Wiley}, author={D. N. Winch}, year={1963}, pages={387–399} }

@article{D. R. Gillard_1960, title={Salisbury’s African Policy and the Heligoland Offer of 1890}, volume={75}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/558111?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents}, number={297}, journal={The English Historical Review}, author={D. R. Gillard}, year={1960}, pages={631–653} }

@book{Darwin, John_2009a, address={Cambridge}, title={The empire project: the rise and fall of the British world-system, 1830-1970}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Darwin, John}, year={2009} }

@book{Darwin, John_2009b, address={Cambridge}, title={The empire project: the rise and fall of the British world-system, 1830-1970}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Darwin, John}, year={2009} }

@book{Darwin, John_2009c, address={Cambridge}, title={The empire project: the rise and fall of the British world-system, 1830-1970}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Darwin, John}, year={2009} }

@book{Darwin, John_2009d, address={Cambridge}, title={The empire project: the rise and fall of the British world-system, 1830-1970}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Darwin, John}, year={2009} }

@book{Darwin, John_2009e, address={Cambridge}, title={The empire project: the rise and fall of the British world-system, 1830-1970}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Darwin, John}, year={2009} }

@book{Darwin, John_2009f, address={Cambridge}, title={The empire project: the rise and fall of the British world-system, 1830-1970}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Darwin, John}, year={2009} }

@book{Darwin, John_2009g, address={Cambridge}, title={The empire project: the rise and fall of the British world-system, 1830-1970}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=461122}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Darwin, John}, year={2009} }

@book{Darwin, John_2012, address={London}, title={Unfinished empire: the global expansion of Britain}, publisher={Allen Lane}, author={Darwin, John}, year={2012} }

@article{Daunton_1995, title={Home and Colonial}, volume={6}, DOI={10.1093/tcbh/6.3.344}, number={3}, journal={Twentieth Century British History}, author={Daunton, M. J.}, year={1995}, pages={344–358} }

@inbook{2004a, address={Oxford}, title={Wakefield, Edward Gibbon (1796–1862)}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/28415}, booktitle={Oxford dictionary of national biography}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={David J. Moss}, year={2004} }

@article{David McLean_1973, title={Commerce, Finance, and British Diplomatic Support in China, 1885-86}, volume={26}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2593546}, number={3}, journal={The Economic History Review}, publisher={Wiley}, author={David McLean}, year={1973}, pages={464–476} }

@article{David Mclean_1976, title={Finance and ‘Informal Empire’ before the First World War}, volume={29}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2594316}, number={2}, journal={The Economic History Review}, publisher={Wiley}, author={David Mclean}, year={1976}, pages={291–305} }

@inbook{2004b, address={Oxford}, title={Temple, Henry John, third Viscount Palmerston (1784–1865)}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/27112}, booktitle={Oxford dictionary of national biography}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={David Steele}, year={2004} }

@inbook{2012, address={Oxford}, title={The Indian Economy and the British Empire, Chapter}, booktitle={India and the British Empire}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={David Washbrook}, year={2012} }

@book{De Cecco_1974, address={Oxford}, title={Money and empire: the International Gold Standard, 1890-1914}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={De Cecco, Marcello}, year={1974} }

@book{Dejung_Cohen_2018, address={New York, [New York]}, title={Commodity trading, globalization and the colonial world: spinning the web of the global market}, url={http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5254624}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Dejung, Christof and Cohen, Paul}, year={2018} }

@inbook{2013b, address={Cambridge}, title={Empire: Australia and ‘Greater Britain’, 1788-1901, Chapter}, url={http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665877700002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745}, booktitle={The Cambridge history of Australia}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Deryck M. Schreuder}, editor={Bashford, Alison and Macintyre, Stuart}, year={2013} }

@inbook{2008e, address={Cambridge}, title={The Fiscal System}, volume={Cambridge histories online}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521228022}, booktitle={The Cambridge economic history of India: Vol. 2: C. 1757-c. 1970}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Dharma Kumar}, year={2008} }

@article{Dilley_2010, title={‘The rules of the game’: London finance, Australia, and Canada, c.1900-14}, volume={63}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00518.x}, number={4}, journal={The Economic History Review}, author={Dilley, Andrew}, year={2010}, pages={1003–1031} }

@article{Dilley_2013, title={T. A. Coghlan, London Opinion and the Politics of Anglo- Australian Finance, 1905–09}, volume={41}, DOI={10.1080/03086534.2013.762153}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History}, author={Dilley, Andrew}, year={2013}, pages={37–58} }

@book{Dilley_2012, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}, title={Finance, politics, and imperialism: Australia, Canada, and the City of London, c.1896-1914}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?pq-origsite=primo&docID=832182}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Dilley, Andrew Richard}, year={2012} }

@article{Dumett_2013a, title={A West African ‘Fashoda’: Expanding Trade, Colonial Rivalries and Insurrection in the Côte d’Ivoire/Gold Coast Borderlands: The Assikasso Crisis of 1897–98}, volume={41}, DOI={10.1080/03086534.2013.768093}, number={5}, journal={The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History}, author={Dumett, Raymond E.}, year={2013}, pages={710–743} }

@book{Dumett_2013b, address={Durham, N.C.}, title={Imperialism, economic development and social change in West Africa}, publisher={Carolina Academic Press}, author={Dumett, Raymond E.}, year={2013} }

@article{1967a, address={New Delhi}, title={Opportunism of Free Trade: Lancashire Cotton Famine and Indian Cotton Cultivation}, volume={4}, number={3}, journal={Indian economic and social history review}, publisher={Sage Publications}, author={Dwijendra Tripathi}, year={1967} }

@article{E. H. H. Green_1985, title={Radical Conservatism: The Electoral Genesis of Tariff Reform}, volume={28}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2639144}, number={3}, journal={The Historical Journal}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={E. H. H. Green}, year={1985}, pages={667–692} }

@article{E. H. H. Green_1988, title={Rentiers versus Producers? The Political Economy of the Bimetallic Controversy c. 1880-1898}, volume={103}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/572693}, number={408}, journal={The English Historical Review}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={E. H. H. Green}, year={1988}, pages={588–612} }

@inbook{1999h, address={London}, title={Gentlemanly capitalism and British economic policy, 1880-1914: the debate over bimetalllism and protectionism}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1756996}, booktitle={Gentlemanly capitalism and British imperialism: the new debate on empire}, publisher={Longman}, author={E. H. H. Green}, year={1999} }

@inbook{1999i, address={Oxford}, title={The Political Economy of Empire, 1880-1914}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/reader.action?docID=4962657&ppg=368}, booktitle={The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={E. H. H. Green}, year={1999} }

@inbook{1999j, address={London}, title={Gentlemanly capitalism and British economic policy, 1880-1914: the debate over bimetalllism and protectionism}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1756996}, booktitle={Gentlemanly capitalism and British imperialism: the new debate on empire}, publisher={Longman}, author={E. H. H. Green}, year={1999} }

@article{E. W. Edwards_1971, title={The Origins of British Financial Co-Operation with France in China, 1903-6}, volume={86}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/564787}, number={339}, journal={The English Historical Review}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={E. W. Edwards}, year={1971}, pages={285–317} }

@article{Edward R. Kittrell_1965, title={The Development of the Theory of Colonization in English Classical Political Economy}, volume={31}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/1055555}, number={3}, journal={Southern Economic Journal}, publisher={Southern Economic Association}, author={Edward R. Kittrell}, year={1965}, pages={189–206} }

@book{Etherington, Norman_1984, address={London}, title={Theories of imperialism: war, conquest and capital}, publisher={Croom Helm}, author={Etherington, Norman}, year={1984} }

@article{Eugene W. Ridings_1982, title={Business, Nationality and Dependency in Late Nineteenth Century Brazil}, volume={14}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/view/155727}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Eugene W. Ridings}, year={1982}, pages={55–96} }

@inbook{Farnie_1979, address={Oxford}, title={Chapter  3, The Growth of the World Market,}, booktitle={The English cotton industry and the world market, 1815-1896}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Farnie, D. A.}, year={1979} }

@book{Fay, Charles R_1934, address={Oxford}, title={Imperial economy and its place in the formation of economic doctrine, 1600-1932}, volume={Beit lectures on colonial economice history}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Fay, Charles R}, year={1934} }

@book{Ferns, H. S._1960, address={Oxford}, title={Britain and Argentina in the nineteenth century}, publisher={Clarendon P}, author={Ferns, H. S.}, year={1960} }

@book{Fieldhouse_1967, address={London}, title={The theory of capitalist imperialism}, publisher={Longmans}, author={Fieldhouse, D. K.}, year={1967} }

@book{Fieldhouse_1984a, address={London}, title={Economics and empire, 1830-1914}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Fieldhouse, D. K.}, year={1984} }

@book{Fieldhouse_1984b, address={London}, title={Economics and empire, 1830-1914}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Fieldhouse, D. K.}, year={1984} }

@book{Fieldhouse_1984c, address={London}, title={Economics and empire, 1830-1914}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Fieldhouse, D. K.}, year={1984} }

@book{Fieldhouse_1984d, address={London}, title={Economics and empire, 1830-1914}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Fieldhouse, D. K.}, year={1984} }

@book{Fieldhouse_1984e, address={London}, title={Economics and empire, 1830-1914}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Fieldhouse, D. K.}, year={1984} }

@book{Fieldhouse_1984f, address={London}, title={Economics and empire, 1830-1914}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Fieldhouse, D. K.}, year={1984} }

@inbook{1975b, address={Manchester}, title={Trade and Empire: The British Experience from Free Trade until the First World War}, booktitle={Great Britain and her world, 1750-1914: essays in honour of W.O. Henderson}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Francois Crouzet}, editor={Barrie M., Ratcliffe}, year={1975} }

@book{Fraser, Peter_1966, address={London}, title={Joseph Chamberlain: Radicalism and empire, 1868-1914}, publisher={Cassell}, author={Fraser, Peter}, year={1966} }

@article{1974, address={London}, title={The European Partition of Africa: coincidence or conjuncture?}, volume={3}, journal={The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history}, publisher={Routledge, Taylor & Francis}, author={G. N. Sanderson}, year={1974} }

@inbook{2008f, address={Cambridge}, title={The European Partition of Africa: Origins and Dynamics}, volume={Cambridge histories online}, url={http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664680940002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745}, booktitle={The Cambridge history of Africa: Vol. 6: From 1870 to 1905}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={G. N. Sanderson}, year={2008} }

@inbook{1929a, address={Cambridge}, title={Imperial Finance, Trade and Communications, 1895-1914}, volume={3}, booktitle={The Cambridge history of the British Empire}, publisher={The University Press}, author={G. S. Graham}, year={1929} }

@book{Galbraith, title={MacKinnon and East Africa 1878-1895: A Study in the ‘new Imperialism’}, author={Galbraith, John S.} }

@inbook{2010a, address={Cambridge}, title={Reconfiguring Empire: The British World}, booktitle={Empire and globalisation: networks of people, goods and capital in the British world, c.1850-1914}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Gary B. Magee and Andrew Thompson}, year={2010} }

@inbook{1999k, address={Oxford}, title={Canada from 1815}, url={http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665934550002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745}, booktitle={The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Ged Martin}, year={1999} }

@inbook{2004c, address={Oxford}, title={Lambton, John George , first earl of Durham (1792–1840)}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/15947}, booktitle={Oxford dictionary of national biography}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Ged Martin}, year={2004} }

@inbook{2008g, address={Oxford}, title={Money: Trade, Investment and Economic Nationalism}, volume={Oxford history of the British Empire companion series}, booktitle={Australia’s Empire}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Geoffrey Bolton}, year={2008} }

@article{Geoffrey Ingham_1995, title={British Capitalism: Empire, Merchants and Decline}, volume={20}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/4286296}, number={3}, journal={Social History}, publisher={Taylor & Francis, Ltd.}, author={Geoffrey Ingham}, year={1995}, pages={339–354} }

@article{Gjersø_2015, title={The Scramble for East Africa: British Motives Reconsidered, 1884–95}, volume={43}, DOI={10.1080/03086534.2015.1026131}, number={5}, journal={The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History}, author={Gjersø, Jonas Fossli}, year={2015}, pages={831–860} }

@book{Gollin, Alfred_1965, address={London}, title={Balfour’s burden: Arthur Balfour and imperial preference}, publisher={Anthony Blond}, author={Gollin, Alfred}, year={1965} }

@book{Graham, Gerald S._1978, address={Oxford}, title={The China station: war and diplomacy, 1830-1860}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Graham, Gerald S.}, year={1978} }

@book{Graham, Richard_1968, address={Cambridge}, title={Britain and the onset of modernization in Brazil 1850-1914}, volume={Cambridge Latin American studies}, publisher={University Press}, author={Graham, Richard}, year={1968} }

@inbook{1985a, address={London}, title={British imperialism in Uruguay: the public utility companies and the batllista state, 1900-1930}, volume={Monographs / University of London, Institute of Latin American Studies}, url={https://blackboard.le.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/pid-986755-dt-content-rid-2455514_5/library/eReserves/HS3614/HS3614_33469.pdf}, booktitle={Latin America, economic imperialism and the state: the political economy of the external connection from independence to the present}, publisher={Athlone Press}, author={H. H. J., Finch}, year={1985} }

@inbook{1929b, address={Cambridge}, title={Free Trade and Commercial Expansion, 1853-1870}, volume={2}, booktitle={The Cambridge history of the British Empire}, publisher={The University Press}, author={H. J. Habakkuk}, year={1929} }

@inbook{2004d, address={Oxford}, title={Buller, Charles (1806–1848)}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3913}, booktitle={Oxford dictionary of national biography}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={H. J. Spencer}, year={2004} }

@article{H. S. Ferns_1953, title={Britain’s Informal Empire in Argentina, 1806-1914}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/649897}, number={4}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={H. S. Ferns}, year={1953}, pages={60–75} }

@article{H. S. Ferns_1992, title={The Baring Crisis Revisited}, volume={24}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/157067}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Latin American Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={H. S. Ferns}, year={1992}, pages={241–273} }

@article{Halvorson_2010, title={Prestige, Prudence and Public Opinion in the 1882 British Occupation of Egypt}, volume={56}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-8497.2010.01563.x}, number={3}, journal={Australian Journal of Politics & History}, author={Halvorson, Dan}, year={2010}, pages={423–440} }

@book{Hancock, William Keith_Royal Institute of International Affairs_1940, address={London}, title={Survey of British Commonwealth affairs: Vol.2, part 1: Problems of economic policy, 1918-1939}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Hancock, William Keith and Royal Institute of International Affairs}, year={1940} }

@book{Hargreaves_1974, address={London}, title={West Africa partitioned: Vol.1: The loaded purse, 1885-1889}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Hargreaves, John D}, year={1974} }

@book{Hargreaves_1985, address={Basingstoke}, title={West Africa partitioned: Vol.2: The elephants and the grass}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Hargreaves, John D}, year={1985} }

@book{Harnetty, Peter_1972, address={Vancouver}, title={Imperialism and free trade: Lancashire and India in the mid-nineteenth century}, publisher={University of British Columbia}, author={Harnetty, Peter}, year={1972} }

@book{Harrison, Robert T._1995, address={Westport, Conn}, title={Gladstone’s imperialism in Egypt: techniques of domination}, volume={Contributions to the study of world history}, publisher={Greenwood Press}, author={Harrison, Robert T.}, year={1995} }

@book{Hodgart, Alan_1977, address={London}, title={The economics of European imperialism}, volume={Foundations of modern history}, publisher={Edward Arnold}, author={Hodgart, Alan}, year={1977} }

@book{Hopkins, A. G._1973, address={[Harlow]}, title={An economic history of West Africa}, publisher={Longman}, author={Hopkins, A. G.}, year={1973} }

@article{Hopkins_2003, title={Gentlemanly capitalism in New Zealand}, volume={43}, DOI={10.1046/j.1467-8446.2003.00055.x}, number={3}, journal={Australian Economic History Review}, author={Hopkins, A. G.}, year={2003}, pages={287–297} }

@book{Howe, Anthony_Morgan, Simon_2007, address={Aldershot}, title={Rethinking nineteenth-century liberalism: Richard Cobden bicentenary essays}, volume={Modern economic and social history series}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Howe, Anthony and Morgan, Simon}, year={2007} }

@inbook{Hsu_2008, address={Cambridge}, title={Late Ch’ing foreign relations, 1866–1905}, volume={Cambridge histories online}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-china/late-ching-foreign-relations-18661905/37F1BF69B5BEABE329AA2A9C5C2FFDDA}, booktitle={The Cambridge history of China: Vol. 11: Late Ch’ing, 1800-1911, Part 2}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Hsu, Immanuel C. Y.}, year={2008} }

@book{Hyam, Ronald_2002, address={New York}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Britain’s imperial century, 1815-1914: a study of empire and expansion}, volume={Cambridge imperial and post-colonial studies series}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=736680}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Hyam, Ronald}, year={2002} }

@book{Hyam, Ronald_2010, address={Cambridge}, title={Understanding the British Empire}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Hyam, Ronald}, year={2010} }

@book{Hynes_1979, address={London}, title={The economics of Empire: Britain, Africa and the new imperialism, 1870-95}, publisher={Longman}, author={Hynes, William G.}, year={1979} }

@article{Ian Phimister_2006, title={Foreign Devils, Finance and Informal Empire: Britain and China c. 1900-1912}, volume={40}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/3876545}, number={3}, journal={Modern Asian Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Ian Phimister}, year={2006}, pages={737–759} }

@book{Inglis, Brian_1976, address={London [etc.]}, title={The Opium War}, publisher={Hodder and Stoughton}, author={Inglis, Brian}, year={1976} }

@article{Ira Klein_1971, title={English Free Traders and Indian Tariffs, 1874-96}, volume={5}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/311702}, number={3}, journal={Modern Asian Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Ira Klein}, year={1971}, pages={251–271} }

@misc{1902, address={London}, title={Imperialism: A Study}, url={http://archive.org/details/imperialismastu00goog}, publisher={James Nisbet & Co}, author={J. A. Hobson}, year={1902} }

@inbook{2005, address={Calgary, Alta}, title={The Rise of the Angloworld: Settlement in North America and Australasia, 1784-1918}, booktitle={Rediscovering the British world}, publisher={University of Calgary Press}, author={James, Belich}, year={2005} }

@inbook{2010b, address={Cambridge}, title={How Much Did Institutions Matters? Cloning Britain in New Zealand}, booktitle={Exclusionary empire: English liberty overseas, 1600-1900}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={James Belich}, year={2010} }

@article{Jean Jacques Van-Helten_1982, title={Empire and High Finance: South Africa and the International Gold Standard 1890-1914}, volume={23}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/182040}, number={4}, journal={The Journal of African History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Jean Jacques Van-Helten}, year={1982}, pages={529–548} }

@book{Jenks, Leland Hamilton, address={London}, title={The migration of British capital to 1875}, publisher={Cape}, author={Jenks, Leland Hamilton} }

@inbook{2009, address={South Melbourne, Vic}, title={The New Zealand Economy, 1792-1914}, booktitle={The new Oxford history of New Zealand}, publisher={Oxford University Press Australia and New Zealand}, author={Jim McAloon}, year={2009} }

@article{John Cunningham Wood_1983, title={J. A. Hobson and British Imperialism}, volume={42}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/3486245}, number={4}, journal={The American Journal of Economics and Sociology}, publisher={American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Inc.}, author={John Cunningham Wood}, year={1983}, pages={483–500} }

@article{John Darwin_1997a, title={Imperialism and the Victorians: The Dynamics of Territorial Expansion}, volume={112}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/576347}, number={447}, journal={The English Historical Review}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={John Darwin}, year={1997}, pages={614–642} }

@article{John Darwin_1997b, title={Imperialism and the Victorians: The Dynamics of Territorial Expansion}, volume={112}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/576347}, number={447}, journal={The English Historical Review}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={John Darwin}, year={1997}, pages={614–642} }

@article{John E. Hodge_1970, title={Carlos Pellegrini and the Financial Crisis of 1890}, volume={50}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2512194}, number={3}, journal={The Hispanic American Historical Review}, publisher={Duke University Press}, author={John E. Hodge}, year={1970}, pages={499–523} }

@inbook{2008h, address={Cambridge}, title={The creation of the treaty system}, volume={Cambridge histories online}, url={http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665847930002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745}, booktitle={The Cambridge history of China, Vol.10, Late Ch’ing, 1800-1911, Part 1}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={John K. Fairbank}, year={2008} }

@article{John Mayo_1981, title={Britain and Chile, 1851-1886: Anatomy of a Relationship}, volume={23}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/165544}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs}, publisher={Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Miami}, author={John Mayo}, year={1981}, pages={95–120} }

@inbook{ title={Dawes, Sir Edwyn Sandys (1838-1903)}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-48867}, booktitle={Oxford Dictionary of National Biography}, author={John Orbell} }

@article{John S. Galbraith_1961, title={Myths of the ‘Little England’ Era}, volume={67}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/1846260}, number={1}, journal={The American Historical Review}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={John S. Galbraith}, year={1961}, pages={34–48} }

@article{Jones_2008, title={Finance, Ambition and Romanticism in the River Plate, 1880–1892}, volume={27}, DOI={10.1111/j.1470-9856.2007.00247.x}, number={s1}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Jones, Charles}, year={2008}, pages={124–148} }

@book{Judd, Denis_1968, address={London}, title={Balfour and the British Empire: a study in Imperial evolution 1874-1932}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Judd, Denis}, year={1968} }

@book{Judd, Denis_1977, address={London}, title={Radical Joe: a life of Joseph Chamberlain}, publisher={Hamish Hamilton}, author={Judd, Denis}, year={1977} }

@inbook{1989, address={Cambridge}, title={British Business in China, 1860s-1950s}, booktitle={British business in Asia since 1860}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Jürgen Osterhammel}, year={1989} }

@inbook{1999l, address={Oxford}, title={Britain and China, 1842-1914}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/reader.action?docID=4962657&ppg=168}, booktitle={The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Jürgen Osterhammel}, year={1999} }

@article{K. N. Chaudhuri_1968, title={India’s International Economy in the Nineteenth Century: An Historical Survey}, volume={2}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/311564}, number={1}, journal={Modern Asian Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={K. N. Chaudhuri}, year={1968}, pages={31–50} }

@book{Kemp, Tom_1967, address={London}, title={Theories of imperialism}, publisher={Dobson}, author={Kemp, Tom}, year={1967} }

@book{Kenwood_Lougheed_1999, address={London}, edition={4th ed}, title={The growth of the international economy 1820-2000: an introductory text}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3060282}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Kenwood, A. G. and Lougheed, A. L.}, year={1999} }

@inbook{2008i, address={Cambridge}, title={Foreign Trade and Balance of Payments (1757–1947)}, volume={Cambridge histories online}, url={http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665216210002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745}, booktitle={The Cambridge economic history of India: Vol. 2: C. 1757-c. 1970}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={K.N. Chaudhuri}, year={2008} }

@book{Koebner, Richard_Schmidt, Helmut Dan_1964, address={Cambridge}, title={Imperialism: the story and significance of a political word, 1840-1960}, publisher={Cambridge U.P}, author={Koebner, Richard and Schmidt, Helmut Dan}, year={1964} }

@article{1985b, address={London}, title={The Export of British Finance, 1865-1914}, volume={13}, number={3}, journal={The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history}, publisher={Routledge, Taylor & Francis}, author={L. Davis and R. A. Huttenback}, year={1985} }

@article{Lance E. Davis and Robert A. Huttenback_1982, title={The Political Economy of British Imperialism: Measures of Benefits and Support}, volume={42}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2120505}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Economic History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Lance E. Davis and Robert A. Huttenback}, year={1982}, pages={119–130} }

@book{Lance Edwin Davis_Robert A. Huttenback_1986a, address={Cambridge}, title={Mammon and the pursuit of Empire: the political economy of British imperialism, 1860-1912}, volume={Interdisciplinary perspectives on modern history}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Lance Edwin Davis and Robert A. Huttenback}, year={1986} }

@book{Lance Edwin Davis_Robert A. Huttenback_1986b, address={Cambridge}, title={Mammon and the pursuit of Empire: the political economy of British imperialism, 1860-1912}, volume={Interdisciplinary perspectives on modern history}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Lance Edwin Davis and Robert A. Huttenback}, year={1986} }

@book{Landes, David S._1958, title={Bankers and pashas: international finance and economic imperialism in Egypt}, volume={Kingswood social history series)}, publisher={Heinemann}, author={Landes, David S.}, year={1958} }

@book{Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich_2008, address={New York}, title={Imperialism, the highest stage of capitalism: a popular outline}, url={http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/imp-hsc/}, publisher={International Publishers}, author={Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich}, year={2008} }

@article{Lewis_2008, title={Britain, the Argentine and Informal Empire: Rethinking the Role of Railway Companies}, volume={27}, DOI={10.1111/j.1470-9856.2007.00246.x}, number={s1}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Lewis, Colin M.}, year={2008}, pages={99–123} }

@book{Lewis, Colin M._University of London_1983, address={London}, title={British railways in Argentina, 1857-1914: a case study of foreign investment}, volume={Institute of Latin American Studies monographs}, publisher={Athlone}, author={Lewis, Colin M. and University of London}, year={1983} }

@book{Lloyd, Trevor Owen_1996, address={Oxford}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The British Empire 1588-1995}, volume={The short Oxford history of the modern world}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Lloyd, Trevor Owen}, year={1996} }

@article{Luke Trainor_1970, title={The British Government and Imperial Economic Unity, 1890-1895}, volume={13}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2637823}, number={1}, journal={The Historical Journal}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Luke Trainor}, year={1970}, pages={68–84} }

@article{M. E. Chamberlain_1976, title={Sir Charles Dilke and the British Intervention in Egypt, 1882: Decision Making in a Nineteenth-Century Cabinet}, volume={2}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/20096777}, number={3}, journal={British Journal of International Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={M. E. Chamberlain}, year={1976}, pages={231–245} }

@article{M. E. Chamberlain_1977, title={The Alexandria Massacre of 11 June 1882 and the British Occupation of Egypt}, volume={13}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/4282618}, number={1}, journal={Middle Eastern Studies}, publisher={Taylor & Francis, Ltd.}, author={M. E. Chamberlain}, year={1977}, pages={14–39} }

@inbook{1994a, address={Cambridge}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Foreign Investment and Accumulation, 1860-1914}, booktitle={The economic history of Britain since 1700: Vol.2: 1860-1939}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={M. Edelstein}, year={1994} }

@article{M. J. Daunton_1989, title={‘Gentlemanly Capitalism’ and British Industry 1820-1914}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/650953}, number={122}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={M. J. Daunton}, year={1989}, pages={119–158} }

@book{Magee_Thompson_2010, address={Cambridge}, title={Empire and globalisation: networks of people, goods and capital in the British world, c.1850-1914}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Magee, Gary Bryan and Thompson, Andrew S.}, year={2010} }

@book{Marais, J. S._1961, address={Oxford}, title={The fall of Kruger’s republic}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Marais, J. S.}, year={1961} }

@inbook{1999m, address={Oxford}, title={British Migration and the Peopling of the Empire}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4962657}, booktitle={The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Marjorie Harper}, editor={A. N. Porter}, year={1999} }

@book{Marrison, Andrew_1995, address={Oxford}, title={British business and protection, 1903-1932}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Marrison, Andrew}, year={1995} }

@inbook{ title={Gibbs, Henry Hucks, first Baron Aldenham (1819–1907)}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-33386}, booktitle={Oxford Dictionary of National Biography}, author={Martin Daunton} }

@article{Martin Lynn_1981, title={Change and Continuity in the British Palm Oil Trade with West Africa, 1830-55}, volume={22}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/181807}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of African History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Martin Lynn}, year={1981}, pages={331–348} }

@article{1986, address={London}, title={The "Imperialism of free trade” and the case of West Africa, c. 1830-c.1870}, volume={15}, journal={The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history}, publisher={Routledge, Taylor & Francis}, author={Martin Lynn}, year={1986} }

@article{Martin Lynn_1989, title={From Sail to Steam: The Impact of the Steamship Services on the British Palm Oil Trade with West Africa, 1850-1890}, volume={30}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/183066}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of African History}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Martin Lynn}, year={1989}, pages={227–245} }

@inbook{1999n, address={Oxford}, title={British Policy, Trade, and Informal Empire in the Mid-Nineteenth Century}, url={http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665080890002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745}, booktitle={The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Martin Lynn}, year={1999} }

@book{Mathias, Peter_1983, address={London}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The first industrial nation: an economic history of Britain 1700-1914}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Mathias, Peter}, year={1983} }

@inbook{1967b, address={London}, title={The Pattern of British Portfolio Foreign Investment, 1865-1914}, booktitle={Capital movements and economic development: proceedings of a Conference held by the International Economic Association}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Matthew Simon}, year={1967} }

@inbook{1968, address={London}, title={The Pattern of British Portfolio Foreign Investment, 1865-1914}, volume={Debates in economic history}, booktitle={The export of capital from Britain 1870-1914}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Matthew Simon}, year={1968} }

@article{McAloon_2002, title={Gentlemanly Capitalism and Settler Capitalists: Imperialism, Dependent Development and Colonial Wealth in The South Island of New Zealand}, volume={42}, DOI={10.1111/1467-8446.00030}, number={2}, journal={Australian Economic History Review}, author={McAloon, Jim}, year={2002}, pages={204–223} }

@article{McAloon_2003, title={Gentlemen, capitalists and settlers: a brief response}, volume={43}, DOI={10.1046/j.1467-8446.2003.00056.x}, number={3}, journal={Australian Economic History Review}, author={McAloon, Jim}, year={2003}, pages={298–304} }

@inbook{2008j, address={Cambridge}, title={Foreign investment, accumulation and Empire, 1860–1914}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-economic-history-of-modern-britain/foreign-investment-accumulation-and-empire-18601914/F5A061D9E25128968D44691841EB0B02}, booktitle={The Cambridge economic history of modern Britain: Vol. 2: Economic maturity, 1860-1939}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Michael Edelstein}, year={2008} }

@inbook{2004e, address={Oxford}, title={Hobson, John Atkinson (1858–1940)}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33909}, booktitle={Oxford dictionary of national biography}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Michael Freeden}, year={2004} }

@book{Michie, R. C._2006, address={Oxford}, title={The global securities market: a history}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Michie, R. C.}, year={2006} }

@article{Miles Taylor_1991, title={Imperium and Libertas? Rethinking the radical critique of imperialism during the nineteenth century}, volume={19}, DOI={10.1080/03086539108582826}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History}, author={Miles Taylor}, year={1991}, pages={1–18} }

@inbook{2004f, address={Oxford}, title={Cobden, Richard (1804–1865)}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5741}, booktitle={Oxford dictionary of national biography}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Miles Taylor}, year={2004} }

@book{Miller, Rory_1993, address={London}, title={Britain and Latin America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries}, volume={Studies in modern history}, publisher={Longman}, author={Miller, Rory}, year={1993} }

@book{Munro, J. Forbes_1984, address={London}, title={Britain in tropical Africa, 1880-1960: economic relationships and impact}, volume={Studies in economic and social history}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Munro, J. Forbes}, year={1984} }

@book{Munro, J. Forbes_2003, address={Woodbridge}, title={Maritime enterprise and empire: Sir William Mackinnon and his business network, 1823-93}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Munro, J. Forbes}, year={2003} }

@book{Munro_2003, address={Woodbridge}, title={Maritime enterprise and empire: Sir William Mackinnon and his business network, 1823-93}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Munro, J. Forbes}, year={2003} }

@inbook{2002a, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}, title={Gentlemanly and Not-so-Gentlemanly Imperialism in China before the First World War}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=6302666}, booktitle={Gentlemanly capitalism, imperialism, and global history}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Niels P. Petersson}, year={2002} }

@article{Oliver MacDonagh_1962, title={The Anti-Imperialism of Free Trade}, volume={14}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2591889}, number={3}, journal={The Economic History Review}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Oliver MacDonagh}, year={1962}, pages={489–501} }

@book{Owen, Roger_1981, address={London}, title={The Middle East in the world economy, 1800-1914}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Owen, Roger}, year={1981} }

@article{2002b, title={Was there a ‘British’ Empire? The Oxford History of the British Empire from a Canadian Perspective}, volume={32}, url={https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/Acadiensis/article/view/10712/11422}, number={1}, journal={Acadiensis}, author={P. A. Buckner}, year={2002} }

@article{P. F. Clarke_1981, title={Hobson, Free Trade, and Imperialism}, volume={34}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2595250}, number={2}, journal={The Economic History Review}, publisher={Wiley}, author={P. F. Clarke}, year={1981}, pages={308–312} }

@article{P. J. Cain_1978, title={J. A. Hobson, Cobdenism, and the Radical Theory of Economic Imperialism, 1898-1914}, volume={31}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2595749}, number={4}, journal={The Economic History Review}, publisher={Wiley}, author={P. J. Cain}, year={1978}, pages={565–584} }

@article{P. J. Cain_1981, title={Hobson’s Developing Theory of Imperialism}, volume={34}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2595251}, number={2}, journal={The Economic History Review}, publisher={Wiley}, author={P. J. Cain}, year={1981}, pages={313–316} }

@article{1985c, address={London}, title={J. A. Hobson, Financial Capitalism and Imperialism in Late Victorian  and Edwardian England}, volume={13}, number={3}, journal={The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history}, publisher={Routledge, Taylor & Francis}, author={P. J. Cain}, year={1985}, pages={1–27} }

@inbook{1999o, address={Oxford}, title={Economics and Empire: The Metropolitan Context}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?pq-origsite=primo&docID=886621}, booktitle={The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={P. J. Cain}, year={1999} }

@inbook{2001a, address={New York}, title={British Radicalism, the South African Crisis and the Origins of the Theory of Financial Imperialism}, booktitle={The impact of the South African War}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={P. J. Cain}, year={2001} }

@inbook{ title={Political Economy and Edwardian England: the Tariff-reform Controversy}, author={P. J. Cain} }

@article{1994b, title={Reconstructing British Imperialism: The Autobiography of a Research Project}, volume={18}, number={1}, journal={Itinerario}, author={P. J. Cain and A. G. Hopkins}, year={1994} }

@inbook{1999p, address={London}, title={Afterword: The Theory and Practice of British Imperialism}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1756996}, booktitle={Gentlemanly capitalism and British imperialism: the new debate on empire}, publisher={Longman}, author={P. J. Cain and A. G. Hopkins}, year={1999} }

@inbook{2001b, address={Harlow}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Problem and Context}, booktitle={British imperialism, 1688-2000}, publisher={Longman}, author={P. J. Cain and A. G. Hopkins}, year={2001} }

@article{Palen_2010, title={Protection, Federation and Union: The Global Impact of the McKinley Tariff upon the British Empire, 1890–94}, volume={38}, DOI={10.1080/03086534.2010.503395}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History}, author={Palen, Marc-William}, year={2010}, pages={395–418} }

@article{Patrick K. O’Brien_1988, title={The Costs and Benefits of British Imperialism 1846-1914}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/650926}, number={120}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Patrick K. O’Brien}, year={1988}, pages={163–200} }

@article{Patrick K. O’Brien_1989, title={The Costs and Benefits of British Imperialism 1846-1914: Reply}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/650866}, number={125}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Patrick K. O’Brien}, year={1989}, pages={192–199} }

@article{Paul Kennedy_1989, title={The Costs and Benefits of British Imperialism 1846-1914}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/650865}, number={125}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Paul Kennedy}, year={1989}, pages={186–192} }

@inbook{2004g, address={Oxford}, title={Molesworth, Sir William, eighth baronet (1810–1855)}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18902}, booktitle={Oxford dictionary of national biography}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Peter Burroughs}, year={2004} }

@article{Peter Cain_1979, title={Capitalism, War and Internationalism in the Thought of Richard Cobden}, volume={5}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/20096868}, number={3}, journal={British Journal of International Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Peter Cain}, year={1979}, pages={229–247} }

@inbook{2003, address={London}, title={The City of London, 1880-1914}, volume={Routledge explorations in economic history}, url={http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665877710002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745}, booktitle={The British industrial decline}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Peter Cain}, year={2003} }

@inbook{ title={Herbert, Henry Howard Molyneux, fourth earl of Carnarvon (1831-1890)}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-13035}, booktitle={Oxford Dictionary of National Biography}, author={Peter Gordon} }

@article{Peter Harnetty_1965, title={The Imperialism of Free Trade: Lancashire and the Indian Cotton Duties, 1859-1862}, volume={18}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592098}, number={2}, journal={The Economic History Review}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Peter Harnetty}, year={1965}, pages={333–349} }

@article{Peter Harnetty_1966, title={The Imperialism of Free Trade: Lancashire, India, and the Cotton Supply Question, 1861-1865}, volume={6}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/175194}, number={1}, journal={Journal of British Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Peter Harnetty}, year={1966}, pages={70–96} }

@article{Peter Winn_1976, title={British Informal Empire in Uruguay in the Nineteenth Century}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/650427}, number={73}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Peter Winn}, year={1976}, pages={100–126} }

@inbook{2008k, address={Oxford}, title={The Creation of the Dominion of Canada, 1860-1901}, volume={Oxford history of the British Empire companion series}, booktitle={Canada and the British Empire}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Phillip Buckner}, year={2008} }

@book{2016, address={London}, title={Britain’s Imperial Retreat from China, 1900-1931}, url={http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4595190}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Phoebe Chow}, year={2016} }

@book{Platt, D. C. M._1968a, address={Oxford}, title={Finance, trade, and politics in British foreign policy 1815-1914}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Platt, D. C. M.}, year={1968} }

@book{Platt, D. C. M._1968b, address={Oxford}, title={Finance, trade, and politics in British foreign policy 1815-1914}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Platt, D. C. M.}, year={1968} }

@book{Platt, D. C. M._1968c, address={Oxford}, title={Finance, trade, and politics in British foreign policy 1815-1914}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Platt, D. C. M.}, year={1968} }

@inbook{Platt_1968, address={Oxford}, title={Chapter 5: China, in Part III}, booktitle={Finance, trade, and politics in British foreign policy 1815-1914}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Platt, D. C. M.}, year={1968} }

@book{Platt, D. C. M._1977, address={Oxford}, title={Business imperialism, 1840-1930: an inquiry based on British experience in Latin America}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Platt, D. C. M.}, year={1977} }

@book{Pollard, Sidney_1989, address={London}, title={Britain’s prime and Britain’s decline: the British economy 1870-1914}, publisher={Edward Arnold}, author={Pollard, Sidney}, year={1989} }

@book{Porter, A. N._1980, address={Manchester [Eng.]}, title={The origins of the South African War: Joseph Chamberlain and the diplomacy of imperialism, 1895-99}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Porter, A. N.}, year={1980} }

@book{Porter, Bernard_1968, address={London}, title={Critics of empire: British Radical attitudes to colonialism in Africa 1895-1914}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Porter, Bernard}, year={1968} }

@book{Porter, Bernard_2012, address={Harlow}, edition={5th ed}, title={The lion’s share: a history of British Imperialism 1850 to the present}, publisher={Pearson}, author={Porter, Bernard}, year={2012} }

@article{R. J. Moore_1964, title={Imperialism and ‘Free Trade’ Policy in India, 1853-4}, volume={17}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592695}, number={1}, journal={The Economic History Review}, publisher={Wiley}, author={R. J. Moore}, year={1964}, pages={135–145} }

@article{Review by: David Cannadine_1995, title={The Empire Strikes Back}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/651044}, number={147}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Review by: David Cannadine}, year={1995}, pages={180–194} }

@article{Richard A. Atkins_1974, address={London}, title={The Conservatives and Egypt, 1875-1880}, volume={2}, DOI={10.1080/03086537408582404}, number={2}, journal={The journal of imperial and Commonwealth history}, publisher={Routledge, Taylor & Francis}, author={Richard A. Atkins}, year={1974}, pages={190–205} }

@inbook{1976, address={New York}, title={Robinson and Gallagher in South America: The meaning of Informal Imperialism}, volume={Modern scholarship on European history}, booktitle={Imperialism: the Robinson and Gallagher controversy}, publisher={New Viewpoints}, author={Richard Graham}, year={1976} }

@book{Richards_2004, address={London}, title={Britannia’s children: emigration from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland since 1600}, publisher={Hambledon and London}, author={Richards, Eric}, year={2004} }

@book{Richardson, Philip_Economic History Society_1999, address={Cambridge}, title={Economic change in China, c. 1800-1950}, volume={New studies in economic and social history}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Richardson, Philip and Economic History Society}, year={1999} }

@inbook{1999q, address={London}, title={Economic power at the periphery: Canada, Australia and South Africa, 1850-1914}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1756996}, booktitle={Gentlemanly capitalism and British imperialism: the new debate on empire}, publisher={Longman}, author={Robert Kubicek}, year={1999} }

@inbook{ title={Addis, Sir Charles Stewart (1861-1945)}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-38334}, booktitle={Oxford Dictionary of National Biography}, author={Roberta Allbert Dayer} }

@inbook{1999r, address={Oxford}, title={Imperial India, 1858-1914}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/reader.action?docID=886621&ppg=445}, booktitle={The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 3: The nineteenth century}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Robin J. Moore}, year={1999} }

@inbook{Robinson_1981, address={Basingstoke}, edition={2}, title={Explanation}, booktitle={Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of Imperialism}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Robinson, Ronald}, year={1981} }

@inbook{Robinson, Ronald_Gallagher, John_Denny, Alice_1961a, address={London}, title={The Spirit of Victorian Expansion, Chapter One of Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of Imperialism}, booktitle={Africa and the Victorians: the official mind of imperialism}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Robinson, Ronald and Gallagher, John and Denny, Alice}, year={1961} }

@book{Robinson, Ronald_Gallagher, John_Denny, Alice_1961b, address={London}, title={Africa and the Victorians: the official mind of imperialism}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Robinson, Ronald and Gallagher, John and Denny, Alice}, year={1961} }

@book{Robinson, Ronald_Gallagher, John_Denny, Alice_1961c, address={London}, title={Africa and the Victorians: the official mind of imperialism}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Robinson, Ronald and Gallagher, John and Denny, Alice}, year={1961} }

@book{Robinson, Ronald_Gallagher, John_Denny, Alice_1961d, address={London}, title={Africa and the Victorians: the official mind of imperialism}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Robinson, Ronald and Gallagher, John and Denny, Alice}, year={1961} }

@article{Rock_2008, title={The British in Argentina: From Informal Empire to Postcolonialism}, volume={27}, DOI={10.1111/j.1470-9856.2007.00244.x}, number={s1}, journal={Bulletin of Latin American Research}, author={Rock, David}, year={2008}, pages={49–77} }

@inbook{1972a, address={[Harlow]}, title={Egypt and Europe: from French expedition to British occupation}, booktitle={Studies in the theory of imperialism}, publisher={Longman}, author={Roger Owen}, year={1972} }

@article{Roger S. Mason_1996, address={Roma}, title={Robert Giffen and the Tariff Reform Campaign, 1865-1910}, volume={25}, url={https://www.jeeh.it/it/articolo?urn=urn:abi:abi:RIV.JOU:1996;1.171}, journal={The journal of European economic history}, publisher={UniCredit Group}, author={Roger S. Mason}, year={1996} }

@inbook{1991a, address={New York}, title={Introduction: Railway Imperialism}, volume={Contributions in comparative colonial studies}, booktitle={Railway imperialism}, publisher={Greenwood Press}, author={Ronald E. Robinson}, year={1991} }

@inbook{2010c, address={Cambridge}, title={The partition of Africa: geopolitical and internal perspectives}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511760495/type/BOOK}, booktitle={Understanding the British Empire}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Ronald Hyam}, year={2010} }

@inbook{1972b, address={[Harlow]}, title={Non-European foundations of European imperialism: sketch for a theory of collaboration}, booktitle={Studies in the theory of imperialism}, publisher={Longman}, author={Ronald, Robinson}, year={1972} }

@article{Ronald Robinson_1953, title={The Imperialism of Free Trade}, volume={6}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2591017}, number={1}, journal={The Economic History Review}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Ronald Robinson, John Gallagher}, year={1953}, pages={1–15} }

@book{Rothermund_1988, address={Abingdon, Oxon}, edition={2nd ed}, title={An Economic History of India: From Pre-Colonial Times to 1991}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=178551}, publisher={Taylor & Francis Group}, author={Rothermund, Dietmar}, year={1988} }

@book{Roy, Tirthankar_2012, address={Cambridge}, title={India in the world economy: from antiquity to the present}, volume={New approaches to Asian history}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Roy, Tirthankar}, year={2012} }

@inbook{2004h, address={Oxford}, title={Roebuck, John Arthur (1802–1879)}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/23945}, booktitle={Oxford dictionary of national biography}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={S. A. Beaver}, year={2004} }

@book{Saul, S. B._1960a, address={Liverpool}, title={Studies in British overseas trade, 1870-1914}, publisher={Liverpool University Press}, author={Saul, S. B.}, year={1960} }

@book{Saul, S. B._1960b, address={Liverpool}, title={Studies in British overseas trade, 1870-1914}, publisher={Liverpool University Press}, author={Saul, S. B.}, year={1960} }

@book{Semmel, Bernard_1960, address={London}, title={Imperialism and social reform: English social-imperial thought, 1895-1914}, volume={Studies in society}, publisher={Allen & Unwin}, author={Semmel, Bernard}, year={1960} }

@book{Semmel, Bernard_1993, address={Baltimore, Md}, title={The liberal ideal and the demons of empire: theories of imperialism from Adam Smith to Lenin}, publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press}, author={Semmel, Bernard}, year={1993} }

@book{Semmel, Bernard_2004a, address={Cambridge}, title={The rise of free trade imperialism: classical political economy, the empire of free trade and imperialism, 1750-1850}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rise-of-free-trade-imperialism/46845A1CC780C7CF9214B0FEDD20022E}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Semmel, Bernard}, year={2004} }

@book{Semmel, Bernard_2004b, address={Cambridge}, title={The rise of free trade imperialism: classical political economy, the empire of free trade and imperialism, 1750-1850}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rise-of-free-trade-imperialism/46845A1CC780C7CF9214B0FEDD20022E}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Semmel, Bernard}, year={2004} }

@book{Shaw, A. G. L., address={London}, title={Great Britain and the colonies, 1815-1865}, volume={Debates in economic history}, publisher={Methuen}, author={Shaw, A. G. L.} }

@inbook{2008l, address={Cambridge}, title={Southern and Central Africa, 1886-1910}, volume={Cambridge histories online}, url={http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5665216190002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745}, booktitle={The Cambridge history of Africa: Vol. 6: From 1870 to 1905}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Shula Marks}, year={2008} }

@inbook{ title={Rhodes, Cecil John (1853-1902)}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-35731}, booktitle={Oxford Dictionary of National Biography}, author={Shula Marks and Stanley Trapido} }

@book{Silver_1966, address={Manchester}, title={Manchester men and Indian cotton, 1847-1872}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Silver, Arthur W.}, year={1966} }

@book{Smith, Iain R._1996, address={London}, title={The origins of the South African War, 1899-1902}, volume={Origins of modern wars}, publisher={Longman}, author={Smith, Iain R.}, year={1996} }

@inbook{Stanley Trapido_2011, address={Cambridge}, title={Imperialism, Settler Identities, and Colonial Capitalism: The Hundred-Year Origins of the 1899 South African War}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-south-africa/imperialism-settler-identities-and-colonial-capitalism-the-hundredyear-origins-of-the-1899-south-african-war/7ED1C8783FDD0E64075B3D11343B7CF7}, booktitle={The Cambridge History of South Africa}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Stanley Trapido}, editor={Ross, Robert and Mager, Anne Kelk and Nasson, Bill}, year={2011} }

@book{Stockwell_2008, address={Oxford}, title={The British Empire: themes and perspectives}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Stockwell, S. E.}, year={2008} }

@book{Stone, Irving_1999, address={Basingstoke}, title={The global export of capital from Great Britain, 1865-1914: a statistical survey}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Stone, Irving}, year={1999} }

@article{Sydney H. Zebel_1967, title={Joseph Chamberlain and the Genesis of Tariff Reform}, volume={7}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/175383}, number={1}, journal={Journal of British Studies}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Sydney H. Zebel}, year={1967}, pages={131–157} }

@book{Sykes, Alan_1979, address={Oxford}, title={Tariff reform in British politics, 1903-1913}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Sykes, Alan}, year={1979} }

@book{Thompson, Andrew S._2000, address={Harlow}, title={Imperial Britain: the empire in British politics, c.1880-1932}, publisher={Longman}, author={Thompson, Andrew S.}, year={2000} }

@book{Thompson, Andrew S._2005a, address={Harlow}, edition={1st ed}, title={The empire strikes back?: the impact of imperialism on Britain from the mid-nineteenth century}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1782380}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Thompson, Andrew S.}, year={2005} }

@book{Thompson, Andrew S._2005b, address={Harlow}, edition={1st ed}, title={The empire strikes back?: the impact of imperialism on Britain from the mid-nineteenth century}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1782380}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Thompson, Andrew S.}, year={2005} }

@book{Tomlinson, B. R._2008, address={Cambridge}, title={The new Cambridge history of India: III.3: Economy of modern India, 1860-1970}, volume={Cambridge histories online}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362306}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Tomlinson, B. R.}, year={2008} }

@article{Tomlinson_2010, title={Responding to Globalization?: Churchill and Dundee in 1908}, volume={21}, DOI={10.1093/tcbh/hwq017}, number={3}, journal={Twentieth Century British History}, author={Tomlinson, J.}, year={2010}, pages={257–280} }

@book{Tomlinson_2014, address={Edinburgh}, title={Dundee and the Empire: ‘Juteopolis’ 1850-1939}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1767553}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, author={Tomlinson, Jim}, year={2014} }

@book{Townshend, Jules_1990, address={Manchester}, title={J.A. Hobson}, volume={Lives of the left}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Townshend, Jules}, year={1990} }

@book{Tyler, J. E._1938, address={London}, title={The struggle for imperial unity (1865-1895)}, volume={Imperial Studies}, publisher={Longmans, Green}, author={Tyler, J. E.}, year={1938} }

@article{W. G. Hynes_1976, title={British Mercantile Attitudes towards Imperial Expansion}, volume={19}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2638245}, number={4}, journal={The Historical Journal}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={W. G. Hynes}, year={1976}, pages={969–979} }

@article{W. M. Mathew_1968, title={The Imperialism of Free Trade: Peru, 1820-70}, volume={21}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/2592751}, number={3}, journal={The Economic History Review}, publisher={Wiley}, author={W. M. Mathew}, year={1968}, pages={562–579} }

@book{Webster_2006, address={Manchester}, title={The debate on the the [sic] rise of the British empire}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Webster, Anthony}, year={2006} }

@book{Webster, Anthony_2006, address={Manchester}, title={The debate on the rise of the British empire}, volume={Issues in historiography}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Webster, Anthony}, year={2006} }

@book{Webster, Anthony_2009, address={Woodbridge}, title={The twilight of the East India Company: the evolution of Anglo-Asian commerce and politics, 1790-1860}, volume={Worlds of the East India Company}, publisher={Boydell Press}, author={Webster, Anthony}, year={2009} }

@book{Wesseling_1996, address={Westport, Conn}, title={Divide and rule: the partition of Africa, 1880-1914}, publisher={Praeger}, author={Wesseling, H. L.}, year={1996} }

@book{Wilgus, Mary H._1987, address={New York}, title={Sir Claude MacDonald, the open door, and British informal empire in China, 1895-1900}, volume={Modern European history}, publisher={Garland}, author={Wilgus, Mary H.}, year={1987} }

@inbook{1991b, address={New York}, title={Profits and Visions: British Capital and Railway Construction in Argentina, 1854-1886}, volume={Contributions in comparative colonial studies}, booktitle={Railway imperialism}, publisher={Greenwood Press}, author={William J. Fleming}, year={1991} }

@book{Williams, John Henry, address={New York}, title={Argentine international trade under inconvertible paper money, 1880-1900}, publisher={Greenwood Press}, author={Williams, John Henry} }

@book{Winks_Low_1999, address={Oxford}, title={The Oxford history of the British Empire: Vol. 5: Historiography}, volume={Oxford history of the British Empire}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=886622}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Winks, Robin W and Low, Alaine M.}, year={1999} }

@article{Winthrop R. Wright_1967, title={Foreign-Owned Railways in Argentina: A Case Study of Economic Nationalism}, volume={41}, url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/3112421}, number={1}, journal={The Business History Review}, publisher={The President and Fellows of Harvard College}, author={Winthrop R. Wright}, year={1967}, pages={62–93} }

@book{Wong, J. Y._1998, address={Cambridge}, title={Deadly dreams: opium, imperialism and the Arrow War (1856-1860) in China}, volume={Cambridge studies in Chinese history, literature and institutions}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Wong, J. Y.}, year={1998} }

@book{Young, Leonard Kenneth_1970, address={Oxford}, title={British policy in China, 1895-1902}, publisher={Clarendon}, author={Young, Leonard Kenneth}, year={1970} }

@book{Ziegler, Philip_1988, address={London}, title={The sixth great power: Barings, 1762-1929}, publisher={Collins}, author={Ziegler, Philip}, year={1988} }

@article{Labor, Capital and Land: The Transnational Dimensions of the 1910 Federal Land Tax_2013, DOI={10.5263/labourhistory.105.0113}, number={105}, journal={Labour History}, year={2013} }