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Whiteley, Paul. Political participation in Britain: the decline and revival of civic culture. Basingstoke: : Palgrave Macmillan 2011. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4763680
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Almond, Gabriel A, Verba, Sidney. The civic culture: political attitudes and democracy in five nations. [New ed.]. Newbury Park, Ca: : Sage 1989. https://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=7924834800002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745
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Abramowitz, Alan I., Almond, Gabriel A, Verba, Sidney. The Civic culture revisited: An analytic study. Boston: : Little, Brown 1980. https://blackboard.le.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/pid-824527-dt-content-rid-2072838_5/library/eReserves/PL3127/PL3127_27698.pdf
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Pattie, C. J., Seyd, Patrick, Whiteley, Paul. Citizenship in Britain: values, participation and democracy. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2004. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=74997
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Marsh, David, O’Toole, Therese, Jones, Su. Young people and politics in the UK: apathy or alienation? Basingstoke: : Palgrave Macmillan 2007.
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DeBardeleben, Joan, Pammett, Jon H. Activating the citizen: Dilemmas of participation in Europe and Canada. Basingstoke: : Palgrave Macmillan 2009. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.palgraveconnect.com/doifinder/10.1057/9780230240902
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Barnes, Samuel H., Kaase, Max. Political action: mass participation in five Western democracies. Beverly Hills, Calif: : Sage Publications 1979.
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Kyriakos DN, editor. Democracy in Transition: Political Participation in the European Union. Springer 2013. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=425838
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Dalton RJ, Welzel C, editors. The civic culture transformed: from allegiant to assertive citizens. New York, NY: : Cambridge University Press 2014.
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Dalton RJ. The participation gap: social status and political inequality. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2017. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5090818
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Audit of Political Engagement. https://www.hansardsociety.org.uk/research/audit-of-political-engagement
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Citizenship and Civic Engagement Committee - UK Parliament. http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/lords-select/citizenship-civic-engagement/
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Fox S. Is it Time to Update the Definition of Political Participation? Political Participation in Britain: The Decline and Revival of Civic Culture. Parliamentary Affairs 2013;:1–11. doi:10.1093/pa/gss094
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Whiteley, Paul. Political participation in Britain: the decline and revival of civic culture. Basingstoke: : Palgrave Macmillan 2011. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4763680
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Seyd P, Whiteley P, Pattie C. Citizenship in Britain: Attitudes and Behaviour. The Political Quarterly 2001;72:141–8. doi:10.1111/1467-923X.72.s1.17
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Pattie C. Civic Attitudes and Engagement in Modern Britain. Parliamentary Affairs 2003;56:616–33. doi:10.1093/pa/gsg106
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Russell J. Dalton. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Sixth. CQ Press 2013.
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Klingemann, Hans-Dieter, Fuchs, Dieter. Citizens and the state. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1995. https://blackboard.le.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/pid-824511-dt-content-rid-2072834_5/library/eReserves/PL3127/PL3127_27694.pdf
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de Moor J. Lifestyle politics and the concept of political participation. Acta Politica Published Online First: 8 January 2016. doi:10.1057/ap.2015.27
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Theocharis Y, van Deth JW. The continuous expansion of citizen participation: a new taxonomy. European Political Science Review 2018;10:139–63. doi:10.1017/S1755773916000230
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van Deth JW. A conceptual map of political participation. Acta Politica 2014;49:349–67. doi:10.1057/ap.2014.6
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Theocharis Y, Deth JW van. Political participation in a changing world: conceptual and empirical challenges in the study of citizen engagement. New York, New York: : Routledge 2018. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5023836
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Deth JW van, Montero JR, Westholm A. Citizenship and involvement in European democracies: a comparative analysis. London: : Routledge 2006.
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Pattie, C. J., Seyd, Patrick, Whiteley, Paul. Citizenship in Britain: values, participation and democracy. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2004. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=74997
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Whiteley, Paul. Political participation in Britain: the decline and revival of civic culture. Basingstoke: : Palgrave Macmillan 2011. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4763680
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Peter A. Hall. Social Capital in Britain. British Journal of Political Science 1999;29:417–61.http://www.jstor.org/stable/194145
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Norris, Pippa. Democratic phoenix: reinventing political activism. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2002.
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Henry E. Brady, Sidney Verba and Kay Lehman Schlozman. Beyond Ses: A Resource Model of Political Participation. The American Political Science Review 1995;89:271–94.http://www.jstor.org/stable/2082425
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Whiteley PF. The origins of social capital. In: van Deth JW, Maraffi M, Newton K, et al., eds. Social Capital and European Democracy. London: : Routledge 1999. 25–44.http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=237512
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Whiteley, Paul, Seyd, Patrick. High-intensity participation: the dynamics of party activism in Britain. Ann Arbor, Mich: : The University of Michigan Press 2002. https://blackboard.le.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/pid-824505-dt-content-rid-2072831_5/library/eReserves/PL3127/PL3127_27691.pdf
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Dalton RJ, Klingemann H-D. The Oxford handbook of political behavior. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2009. https://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=8090668850002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745
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Whiteley PF. Rational Choice and Political Participation — Evaluating the Debate. Political Research Quarterly 1995;48:211–33. doi:10.1177/106591299504800112
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Muller EN. Aggressive Political Participation. New Jersey: : Princeton University Press 1979.
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Gurr TR. Why Men Rebel. 40th anniversary ed. E. Boulder: : Paradigm 2012. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=870103
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Runciman WG. Relative Deprivation and Social Justice: A Study of Attitudes to Social Inequality in Twentieth Century England. Pyrmont: : Law Book Co of Australasia 1966.
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Curtice J, Simpson I. Voting. In: Phillips D, Curtice J, Phillips M, et al., eds. British Social Attitudes 35. London: : NatCen 2018. 1–29.http://bsa.natcen.ac.uk/latest-report/british-social-attitudes-35/voting.aspx
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Clarke, Harold D. Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2009. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10329741
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Dunleavy, Patrick. Developments in British politics 8. Basingstoke: : Macmillan 2006.
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Evans, Geoffrey, Norris, Pippa. Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. London: : SAGE 1999. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=537771
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Denver D. The Results: How Britain Voted1. Parliamentary Affairs 2018;71:8–28. doi:10.1093/pa/gsx059
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Clarke HD, Kellner P, Stewart MC, et al. Austerity and political choice in Britain. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: : Palgrave Macmillan 2016. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=879659
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Saggar, Shamit. Race and British electoral politics. London: : UCL Press 1998.
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McAllister I. Explaining turnout in the 2001 British General Election∗. Representation 2001;38:256–67. doi:10.1080/00344890108523188
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Pattie C, Johnston R. A Low Turnout Landslide: Abstention at the British General Election of 1997. Political Studies 2001;49:286–305. doi:10.1111/1467-9248.00314
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PHELPS E. Young Voters at the 2005 British General Election. The Political Quarterly 2005;76:482–7. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.2005.00710.x
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Sparrow N. Analysis: voter apathy | Politics | The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2001/nov/06/socialsciences.polls
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King A. Why a poor turn-out points to a democracy in good health - Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1331055/Why-a-poor-turn-out-points-to-a-democracy-in-good-health.html
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Park, Alison, National Centre for Social Research. British social attitudes: the 19th report. London: : SAGE 2002. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10348609
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Electoral Commission. Police and Crime Commissioner Elections in England and Wales. Report on the administration of the elections held on 15 November 2012. 2013.http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/154353/PCC-Elections-Report.pdf
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House of Commons Select Committee on Political and Constitutional Reform. Political and Constitutional Reform - Fourth Report. Voter engagement in the UK. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201415/cmselect/cmpolcon/232/23202.htm
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House of Commons Political and Constitutional Reform Committee. Voter Engagement in the UK: Fourth Report of the 2014- 2015 Session, HC232. 2014.http://www.parliament.uk/voter-engagement-in-the-uk
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Denver D, Garnett M. British General Elections Since 1964: Diversity, Dealignment, and Disillusion. Oxford University Press, USA 2014. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1635569
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Scandals, war and the Millennials: Why the Iraq War and the expenses scandal are not to blame for the low turnout of the young. British Politics Published Online First: 2015. doi:doi:10.1057/bp.2015.11
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King, Anthony. The British Constitution. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2007. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=238231
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Curtice J. The Death of a Miserable Little Compromise: The Alternative Vote Referendum. Political Insight 2011;2:14–7. doi:10.1111/j.2041-9066.2011.00066.x
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LeDuc, Lawrence. The politics of direct democracy: referendums in global perspective. Peterborough, Ont: : Broadview Press 2003. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664316980002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745
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QVORTRUP M. Voting on Electoral Reform: A Comparative Perspective on the Alternative Vote Referendum in the United Kingdom. The Political Quarterly 2012;83:108–16. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.2012.02270.x
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TICKELL A, JOHN P, MUSSON S. The North East Region Referendum Campaign of 2004: Issues and Turning Points. The Political Quarterly 2005;76:488–96. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.2005.00711.x
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Seawright D. ‘Yes, the census’: The 2011 UK Referendum campaign on the Alternative Vote. British Politics 2013;8:457–75. doi:10.1057/bp.2013.23
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Rallings C, Thrasher M, Cowling D. Mayoral referendums and elections revisited. British Politics Published Online First: 17 June 2013. doi:10.1057/bp.2013.14
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McAllister L. The Welsh Devolution Referendum: Definitely, Maybe? Parliamentary Affairs 1998;51:149–65.
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Curtice J. Politicians, voters and democracy: The 2011 UK referendum on the Alternative Vote. Electoral Studies 2013;32:215–23.
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Bowler S, Donovan T. Civic duty and turnout in the UK referendum on AV: What shapes the duty to vote? Electoral Studies 2013;32:265–73.
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Kellner P. Down with people power. Prospecthttp://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/features/downwithpeoplepower
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Electoral Commission. Scottish Independence Referendum: report on the referendum held on 18 September 2014. 2014.http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_ file/0010/179812/Scottish-independence-referendum-report.pdf
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Tierney S. Reclaiming Politics: Popular Democracy in Britain after the Scottish Referendum. The Political Quarterly 2015;86:226–33. doi:10.1111/1467-923X.12161
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New paper by Professor Matt Qvortrup: ‘A Tale of Two Referendums’ | The Constitution Society: Working to promote informed debate about constitutional reform. http://www.consoc.org.uk/2015/09/new-paper-by-professor-matt-qvortrup-a-tale-of-two-referendums/
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LeDuc L. Referendums and deliberative democracy. Electoral Studies 2015;38:139–48. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2015.02.007
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Quinlan S, Shephard M, Paterson L. Online discussion and the 2014 Scottish independence referendum: Flaming keyboards or forums for deliberation? Electoral Studies 2015;38:192–205. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2015.02.009
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Schuck ART, de Vreese CH. Public support for referendums in Europe: A cross-national comparison in 21 countries. Electoral Studies 2015;38:149–58. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2015.02.012
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Morel L, Qvortrup M, editors. The Routledge handbook to referendums and direct democracy. London, [England]: : Routledge 2018. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5185375
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Qvortrup M. Government by referendum. Manchester: : Manchester University Press 2018.
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Qvortrup M, editor. Referendums around the world: the continued growth of direct democracy. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: : Palgrave Macmillan 2014. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://leicester.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1809324
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Qvortrup M, editor. Referendums Around the World. Basingstoke: : Palgrave Macmillan 2018. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1809324
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Budge I. DIRECT AND REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY: ARE THEY NECESSARILY OPPOSED? Representation 2006;42:1–12. doi:10.1080/00344890600583685
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Qvortrup M. DEMOCRACY BY DELEGATION: THE DECISION TO HOLD REFERENDUMS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. Representation 2006;42:59–72. doi:10.1080/00344890600583792
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Qvortrup M. Direct democracy: a comparative study of the theory and practice of government by the people. Manchester, UK: : Manchester University Press 2017.
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Qvortrup M. Power to the People! But How? the Different Uses of Referendums around the WorldAltmanD. (2011) Direct Democracy Worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.BernhardL. (2012) Campaign Strategy in Direct Democracy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.HoboltS. B. (2009) Europe in Question: Referendums on European Integration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.SchillerT. (ed.) (2011) Local Direct Democracy in Europe. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag.SetäläM. and SchillerT. (eds) (2012) Citizens’ Initiatives in Europe: Procedures and Consequences of Agenda-Setting by Citizens. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.TierneyS. (2012) Constitutional Referendums: The Theory and Practice of Republican Deliberation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Wyn JonesR. and ScullyR. (2012) Wales Says Yes: Devolution and the 2011 Welsh Referendum. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. Political Studies Review 2015;13:37–45. doi:10.1111/1478-9302.12046
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Cecilia Emma Sottilotta. The Strategic Use of Government-Sponsored Referendums in Contemporary Europe: Issues and Implications. Journal of Contemporary European Research 2017;13.https://www.jcer.net/index.php/jcer/article/view/836
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Seyd B. Regulating the referendum. Representation 1998;35:191–9. doi:10.1080/00344899808523040
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Young remain voters came out in force, but were outgunned | Politics | The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/24/young-remain-voters-came-out-in-force-but-were-outgunned
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EU Referendum: Were young people less likely to vote? - BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36737374
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Referendums, though they may be political lifeboats, can be very bad for democracy. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/88621/
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Goodwin MJ, Heath O. The 2016 Referendum, Brexit and the Left Behind: An Aggregate-level Analysis of the Result. Political Quarterly 2016;87:323–32. doi:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/1467-923X.12285/full
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Sloam J. #Votebecause: Youth mobilisation for the referendum on British membership of the European Union. New Media & Society Published Online First: 12 April 2018. doi:10.1177/1461444818766701
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Lawrence LeDuc. Why did Britain vote for change when so many referendums end in the status quo? The Conversationhttps://theconversation.com/why-did-britain-vote-for-change-when-so-many-referendums-end-in-the-status-quo-61970
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Whiteley, Paul. Political participation in Britain: the decline and revival of civic culture. Basingstoke: : Palgrave Macmillan 2011. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4763680
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Seyd P, Whiteley P. British Party Members: An Overview. Party Politics 2004;10:355–66. doi:10.1177/1354068804043903
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Seel, Benjamin, Paterson, Matthew, Doherty, Brian. Direct action in British environmentalism. London: : Routledge 2000. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10054161
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Della Porta D, Diani M. Social Movements: An Introduction. 2nd Revised edition. Oxford: : John Wiley and Sons Ltd 2006. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=141284
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Anheier HK, Toepler S. International Encyclopedia of Civil Society. New York, NY: : Springer-Verlag New York 2010. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93996-4
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Richardson J. The Changing British Policy Style: From Governance to Government? British Politics 2018;13:215–33. doi:10.1057/s41293-017-0051-y
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di Gennaro C. The Internet and the Public: Online and Offline Political Participation in the United Kingdom. Parliamentary Affairs 2006;59:299–313. doi:10.1093/pa/gsl004
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What Drives Political Participation? Motivations and Mobilization in a Digital Age. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10584609.2016.1225235
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Chadwick, Andrew, Howard, Philip N. Routledge handbook of Internet politics. New York, NY: : Routledge 2008. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663607980002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745
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Hindman, Matthew Scott. The myth of digital democracy. Princeton, N.J.: : Princeton University Press 2009. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=296467
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Lusoli W, Ward S. Digital Rank-and-file: Party Activists’ Perceptions and Use of the Internet. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 2004;6:453–70. doi:10.1111/j.1467-856X.2004.00150.x
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Milner, Henry. The internet generation: engaged citizens or political dropouts. Lebanon NH: : University Press of New England 2010. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10395900
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Norris, Pippa. Digital divide: civic engagement, information poverty, and the Internet worldwide. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2001.
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Dalton RJ. The participation gap: social status and political inequality. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2017. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5090818
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Wring, Dominic, Mortimore, Roger, Atkinson, Simon. Political communication in Britain: the leader debates, the campaign and the media in the 2010 general election. Basingstoke: : Palgrave Macmillan 2011.
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Cantijoch M, Cutts D, Gibson R. Moving Slowly up the Ladder of Political Engagement: A ‘Spill-over’ Model of Internet Participation. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 2016;18:26–48. doi:10.1111/1467-856X.12067
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Vromen A. Digital citizenship and political engagement: the challenge from online campaigning and advocacy organisations. London, England: : Palgrave Macmillan 2017. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4748997
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Halupka M. Clicktivism: A Systematic Heuristic. Policy & Internet 2014;6:115–32. doi:10.1002/1944-2866.POI355
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