Bibliography for PL3127 / PL3327 Political Participation in Britain BETA

Abramowitz, Alan I., Almond, Gabriel A, & Verba, Sidney. (1980). The Civic culture revisited: An analytic study: Vol. The Little, Brown series in comparative politics. Little, Brown. https://blackboard.le.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/pid-824527-dt-content-rid-2072838_5/library/eReserves/PL3127/PL3127_27698.pdf

After the party - what can political parties learn from 38 Degrees | openDemocracy. (n.d.). https://www.opendemocracy.net/ourkingdom/james-dennis/after-party-what-can-political-parties-learn-from-38-degrees

Almond, Gabriel A & Verba, Sidney. (1989). The civic culture: political attitudes and democracy in five nations ([New ed.]). Sage. https://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=7924834800002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

Amnå, E. (2015). Handbook of digital politics (S. Coleman & D. Freelon, Eds.). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3563697

Anheier, H. K., & Toepler, S. (2010). International Encyclopedia of Civil Society. Springer-Verlag New York. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93996-4

Anti-politics and the left | Lawrence & Wishart. (n.d.). https://www.lwbooks.co.uk/renewal/24-2/anti-politics-and-the-left

Anwar, M. (2001). The participation of ethnic minorities in British politics. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27(3), 533–549. https://doi.org/10.1080/136918301200266220

Audit of Political Engagement. (n.d.). https://www.hansardsociety.org.uk/research/audit-of-political-engagement

AV referendum | Politics | The Guardian. (n.d.). http://www.theguardian.com/politics/av-referendum

Baldini, G. (2015). Is Britain Facing a Crisis of Democracy? The Political Quarterly, 86(4), 540–549. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12185

Baldini, G. (2016). Democracy, Golden Ages and Balancing Acts—Comment on Flinders, M. (2015) The Problem with Democracy. Parliamentary Affairs, 69(2), 451–463. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsv048

Bale, T. (n.d.). The dwindling Tory party: is anybody out there? - Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/conservative/10323333/The-dwindling-Tory-party-is-anybody-out-there.html

Barnes, Samuel H. & Kaase, Max. (1979). Political action: mass participation in five Western democracies. Sage Publications.

Bartle, John & Griffiths, Dylan. (2001). Political communications transformed: from Morrison to Mandelson. Palgrave. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10045519

Baston, Lewis. (2011). Don’t take no for an answer: the 2011 Referendum and the future of electoral reform. Biteback.

BBC News - Conservative membership has nearly halved under Cameron. (n.d.). http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-24143443

Benewick, Robert & Smith, Trevor. (1972). Direct action and democratic politics: Vol. Acton Society studies, 1. Allen and Unwin.

Bennie, L., & Russell, A. (2012). Radical or Compliant? Young Party Members in Britain. https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:177225&datastreamId=SUPPLEMENTARY-1.PDF

Biezen, I. v., & Poguntke, T. (2014). The decline of membership-based politics. Party Politics, 20(2), 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068813519969

Birch, S., Gottfried, G., & Lodge, G. (2013). Divided Democracy. Political Inequality in the UK and Why it Matters. Institute for Public Policy Research. http://www.ippr.org/assets/media/images/media/files/publication/2013/11/divided-democracy_Nov2013_11420.pdf

Bogdanor, Vernon. (2009). The new British constitution. Hart. https://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=8319189050002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

Bowler, S., & Donovan, T. (2013). Civic duty and turnout in the UK referendum on AV: What shapes the duty to vote? Electoral Studies, 32, 265–273.

Briggs, J. (2017). Young people and political participation: teen players. Palgrave Macmillan. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4737102

British politics in the Age of Uncertainty: the link between old, new, and anti-politics. (n.d.). http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/71927/

Budge, I. (2006). DIRECT AND REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY: ARE THEY NECESSARILY OPPOSED? Representation, 42(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344890600583685

Budge, Ian. (1996). The new challenge of direct democracy. Polity Press.

Butler, David & Kitzinger, Uwe. (1976). The 1975 referendum. Macmillan.

Butler, David & Ranney, Austin. (1994). Referendums around the world: the growing use of direct democracy. Macmillan.

Butt, S., & Fitzgerald, R. (2014a). Critical consensus? Britain’s expectations and evaluations of democracy. In A. Park, C. Bryson, & J. Curtice (Eds.), British Social Attitudes 31. NatCen. http://www.bsa.natcen.ac.uk/latest-report/british-social-attitudes-31/democracy/introduction.aspx

Butt, S., & Fitzgerald, R. (2014b). Democracy. In A. Park, J. Curtice, & C. Bryson (Eds.), British Social Attitudes 31 (Vol. 31, pp. 1–23). NatCen. http://www.bsa.natcen.ac.uk/latest-report/british-social-attitudes-31/democracy/introduction.aspx

Bynner, J., & Ashford, S. (1994). Politics and participation: Some antecedents of young people’s attitudes to the political system and political activity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24(2), 223–236. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420240202

Byrne, Paul. (1997). Social movements in Britain: Vol. Theory and practice in British politics. Routledge.

C2D - Centre for Research on Direct Democracy. (n.d.). http://c2d.ch/

Campbell, R. (2013). Leaders, footsoldiers and befrienders: The gendered nature of social capital and political participation in Britain. British Politics, 8(1), 28–50. https://doi.org/10.1057/bp.2012.21

Cantijoch, M., Cutts, D., & Gibson, R. (2016). Moving Slowly up the Ladder of Political Engagement: A ‘Spill-over’ Model of Internet Participation. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 18(1), 26–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-856X.12067

Cantijoch, Marta. (n.d.). Internet Use and Political Engagement: The Role of E-Campaigning as a Pathway to Online Political Participation. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/538243k2

Card-carried away: what does it mean to be a member of a political party in Britain today? (n.d.). http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2015/06/card-carried-away-what-does-it-mean-be-member-political-party-britain-today

Casey, Terrence. (2009). The Blair legacy: Politics, policy, governance, and foreign affairs. Palgrave Macmillan. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.palgraveconnect.com/doifinder/10.1057/9780230232846

Cecilia Emma Sottilotta. (2017). The Strategic Use of Government-Sponsored Referendums in Contemporary Europe: Issues and Implications. Journal of Contemporary European Research, 13(4). https://www.jcer.net/index.php/jcer/article/view/836

Chadwick, A., & Dennis, J. (2017a). Social Media, Professional Media and Mobilisation in Contemporary Britain: Explaining the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Citizens’ Movement 38 Degrees. Political Studies, 65(1), 42–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321716631350

Chadwick, A., & Dennis, J. (2017b). Social Media, Professional Media and Mobilisation in Contemporary Britain: Explaining the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Citizens’ Movement 38 Degrees. Political Studies, 65(1), 42–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321716631350

Chadwick, A., & Stromer-Galley, J. (2016). Digital Media, Power, and Democracy in Parties and Election Campaigns. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 21(3), 283–293. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161216646731

Chadwick, Andrew. (2006). Internet politics: states, citizens, and new communication technologies. Oxford University Press.

Chadwick, Andrew & Howard, Philip N. (2008). Routledge handbook of Internet politics. Routledge. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663607980002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

CHILDS, S. (2004). A British Gender Gap? Gender and Political Participation. The Political Quarterly, 75(4), 422–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923X.2004.00646.x

Citizenship and Civic Engagement Committee - UK Parliament. (n.d.). http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/lords-select/citizenship-civic-engagement/

Clark, A. (2018). Political Parties in the UK (2nd ed. 2018). Palgrave Macmillan.

Clarke, H. D., Kellner, P., Stewart, M. C., Twyman, J., & Whiteley, P. (2016). Austerity and political choice in Britain: Vol. Palgrave Pivot. Palgrave Macmillan. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=879659

Clarke, Harold D. (2009). Performance politics and the British voter. Cambridge University Press. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10329741

Clarke, N., Jennings, W., Moss, J., & Stoker, G. (2017). Changing spaces of political encounter and the rise of anti-politics: Evidence from Mass Observation’s General Election diaries. Political Geography, 56, 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2016.10.004

Clarke, N., Jennings, W., Moss, J., & Stoker, G. (2018a). The Good Politician Folk Theories, Political Interaction, and the Rise of Anti-Politics. Cambridge University Press.

Clarke, N., Jennings, W., Moss, J., & Stoker, G. (2018b). The Good Politician Folk Theories, Political Interaction, and the Rise of Anti-Politics. Cambridge University Press.

Coleman, S., & Ward, S. (2005). Spinning the Web: Online campaigning in the 2005 general election. The Hansard Society. http://www.hansardsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Spinning-the-Web-2005.pdf

Cotton, R., & Fontana, C. (2018). Political parties at critical junctures: explaining the decisions to offer referendums on constitutional change in the United Kingdom. Contemporary British History, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2017.1417122

Cowley, P., & Ford, R. A. (Eds.). (2016). More sex, lies & the ballot box: another 50 things you need to know about British elections. Biteback Publishing.

Cowley, P., & Kavanagh, D. (2018). The British General Election of 2017. Palgrave Macmillan.

Coxall, W. N. (2001). Pressure groups in British politics. Longman.

Curtice, J. (n.d.). The Electoral Reform Society blog. http://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/blog/the-av-referendum-what-went-wrong

Curtice, J. (2005). Turnout: Electors Stay Home--Again. Parliamentary Affairs, 58(4), 776–785. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsi066

Curtice, J. (2011). The Death of a Miserable Little Compromise: The Alternative Vote Referendum. Political Insight, 2(2), 14–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-9066.2011.00066.x

Curtice, J. (2013). Politicians, voters and democracy: The 2011 UK referendum on the Alternative Vote. Electoral Studies, 32, 215–223.

Curtice, J. (2016). Politics. In J. Curtice, M. Phillips, & E. Clery (Eds.), British Social Attitudes 33. NatCen. http://www.bsa.natcen.ac.uk/latest-report/british-social-attitudes-33/politics.aspx

Curtice, J. (2017). Brexit. In E. Clery, J. Curtice, & R. Harding (Eds.), British Social Attitudes 34 (Vol. 34). NatCen. http://www.bsa.natcen.ac.uk/latest-report/british-social-attitudes-34/brexit.aspx

Curtice, J., & Seyd, B. (2012). Constitutional reform: a recipe  for restoring faith in our democracy? In A. Park, E. Clery, J. Curtice, M. Phillips, & D. Utting (Eds.), British Social Attitudes 29. NatCen. http://www.bsa.natcen.ac.uk/latest-report/british-social-attitudes-29/constitutional-reform/introduction.aspx

Curtice, J., & Simpson, I. (2018). Voting. In D. Phillips, J. Curtice, M. Phillips, & J. Perry (Eds.), British Social Attitudes 35 (pp. 1–29). NatCen. http://bsa.natcen.ac.uk/latest-report/british-social-attitudes-35/voting.aspx

Dalton, R. J. (2017a). The participation gap: social status and political inequality. Oxford University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5090818

Dalton, R. J. (2017b). The participation gap: social status and political inequality. Oxford University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5090818

Dalton, R. J., & Klingemann, H.-D. (2009a). The Oxford handbook of political behavior. Oxford University Press. https://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=8090668850002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

Dalton, R. J., & Klingemann, H.-D. (2009b). The Oxford handbook of political behavior. Oxford University Press. https://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=8090668850002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

Dalton, R. J., & Klingemann, H.-D. (2009c). The Oxford handbook of political behavior. Oxford University Press. https://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=8090668850002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

Dalton, R. J., & Klingemann, H.-D. (2009d). The Oxford handbook of political behavior. Oxford University Press. https://eu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=8090668850002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

Dalton, R. J., & Welzel, C. (Eds.). (2014). The civic culture transformed: from allegiant to assertive citizens. Cambridge University Press.

Dalton, Russell J. & Wattenberg, Martin P. (2000). Parties without partisans: political change in advanced industrial democracies: Vol. Comparative politics. Oxford University Press. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10273305

Database by country | MAPP project. (n.d.). http://www.projectmapp.eu/database-country/

de Moor, J. (2016). Lifestyle politics and the concept of political participation. Acta Politica. https://doi.org/10.1057/ap.2015.27

DeBardeleben, Joan & Pammett, Jon H. (2009). Activating the citizen: Dilemmas of participation in Europe and Canada. Palgrave Macmillan. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.palgraveconnect.com/doifinder/10.1057/9780230240902

Della Porta, D., & Diani, M. (2006). Social Movements: An Introduction (2nd Revised edition). John Wiley and Sons Ltd. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=141284

Democratic Audit UK. (n.d.). http://www.democraticaudit.com/

Dennis, J. (2018). Beyond Slacktivism (1st ed. 2019). Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5568402

Denver, D. (2015). The Results: How Britain Voted. Parliamentary Affairs, 68(suppl 1), 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsv024

Denver, D. (2018). The Results: How Britain Voted1. Parliamentary Affairs, 71(suppl_1), 8–28. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsx059

Denver, D., & Garnett, M. (2014). British General Elections Since 1964: Diversity, Dealignment, and Disillusion. Oxford University Press, USA. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1635569

Denver, D. T., Carman, Christopher, & Johns, Robert. (2012). Elections and voters in Britain: Vol. Contemporary political studies (3rd ed). Palgrave Macmillan.

Deth, J. V. (1997). Private Groups and Public Life: Social Participation: Vol. European political science series. Taylor & Francis. http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=5575

Deth, Jan W. van & Maloney, William A. (2012). New participatory dimensions in civil society: professionalization and individualized collective action: Vol. Routledge/ECPR studies in European political science. Routledge. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10545502

Deth, J. W. van, Montero, J. R., & Westholm, A. (2006). Citizenship and involvement in European democracies: a comparative analysis: Vol. Routledge research in comparative politics. Routledge.

di Gennaro, C. (2006). The Internet and the Public: Online and Offline Political Participation in the United Kingdom. Parliamentary Affairs, 59(2), 299–313. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsl004

Direct Democracy Database | International IDEA. (n.d.). http://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/direct-democracy

Doherty, B. (1999). Paving the Way: the Rise of Direct Action against Road-building and the Changing Character of British Environmentalism. Political Studies, 47(2), 275–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00200

Doherty, B. (2003). ‘The Preferred Way of Doing Things’: The British Direct Action Movement. Parliamentary Affairs, 56(4), 669–686. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsg109

Doherty, B., Paterson, M., Plows, A., & Wall, D. (2003). Explaining the fuel protests. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 5(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-856X.00093

Dominic Wring. (2015). Exit Velocity: The Media Election. Parliamentary Affairs, 68(suppl 1), 224–240. http://pa.oxfordjournals.org/content/68/suppl_1/224.full.pdf+html

Don’t knock clickivism: it represents the political participation aspirations of the modern citizen | The Policy and Internet Blog. (n.d.). http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/policy/dont-knock-clickivism-it-represents-the-political-participation-aspirations-of-the-modern-citizen/

Dorey, Peter. (1999). The Major premiership: politics and policies under John Major, 1990-97. Macmillan. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=5001712

Dunleavy, Patrick. (2000). Developments in British politics 6. Macmillan.

Dunleavy, Patrick. (2003). Developments in British politics 7. Palgrave Macmillan.

Dunleavy, Patrick. (2006). Developments in British politics 8. Macmillan.

Election Analysis | UK Election Analysis 2015: Media, Voters and the Campaign. (n.d.). http://www.electionanalysis.uk/

Electoral Commission. (2002). Voter Engagement among black and minority ethnic communities. Electoral Commission. http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/__data/assets/electoral_commission_pdf_file/0020/16094/Ethnicfinalreport_11586-6190__E__N__S__W__.pdf

Electoral Commission. (2013a). Police and Crime Commissioner Elections in England and Wales. Report on the administration of the elections held on 15 November 2012. Electoral Commission. http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/154353/PCC-Elections-Report.pdf

Electoral Commission. (2014a). Scottish Independence Referendum: report on the referendum held on 18 September 2014. Electoral Commission. http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_ file/0010/179812/Scottish-independence-referendum-report.pdf

Electoral Commission | 2011 UK referendum on the voting system used to elect MPs - results. (n.d.). http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/find-information-by-subject/elections-and-referendums/past-elections-and-referendums/referendums/2011-UK-referendum-on-the-voting-system-used-to-elect-MPs

Electoral Commission | EU referendum result visualisations. (n.d.). https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/find-information-by-subject/elections-and-referendums/past-elections-and-referendums/eu-referendum/eu-referendum-result-visualisations

Electoral Commission | Home. (n.d.). http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/

EU Referendum: Were young people less likely to vote? - BBC News. (n.d.). http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36737374

European Consortium for Political Research. (2013). The challenges of intra-party democracy: Vol. Comparative politics (W. P. Cross & R. S. Katz, Eds.). Oxford University Press.

Evans, Geoffrey & Norris, Pippa. (1999a). Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. SAGE. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=537771

Evans, Geoffrey & Norris, Pippa. (1999b). Critical elections: British parties and voters in long-term perspective. SAGE. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=537771

Fisher, J. (2008). Whither the parties? In R. Hazell (Ed.), Constitutional Futures Revisited (pp. 249–266). Palgrave Macmillan. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.palgraveconnect.com/doifinder/10.1057/9780230595088

Fisher, J., Fieldhouse, E., & Cutts, D. (2014). Members Are Not the Only Fruit: Volunteer Activity in British Political Parties at the 2010 General Election. The British Journal of Politics & International Relations, 16(1), 75–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-856X.12011

Flinders, M. (2016). The Problem with Democracy. Parliamentary Affairs, 69(1), 181–203. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsv008

Fox, R. (2009). Engagement and Participation: What the Public Want and How our Politicians Need to Respond. Parliamentary Affairs, 62(4), 673–685. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsp027

Fox, S. (2013). Is it Time to Update the Definition of Political Participation? Political Participation in Britain: The Decline and Revival of Civic Culture. Parliamentary Affairs, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gss094

Furlong, A., & Cartmel, F. (2012). Social Change and Political Engagement Among Young People: Generation and the 2009/2010 British Election Survey. Parliamentary Affairs, 65(1), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsr045

Garcia Albacete, G. (2014). Young People’s Political Participation in Western Europe. Palgrave Macmillan.

Gauja, A. (2013a). The Individualisation of Party Politics: The Impact of Changing Internal Decision-Making Processes on Policy Development and Citizen Engagement. The British Journal of Politics & International Relations. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-856X.12035

Gauja, A. (2013b). The politics of party policy: from members to legislators. Palgrave Macmillan. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=471879

Gavin, N. T. (2010). Pressure Group Direct Action on Climate Change: The Role of the Media and the Web in Britain-A Case Study. The British Journal of Politics & International Relations, 12(3), 459–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2010.00411.x

Gibson, R., & Cantijoch, M. (n.d.). 2010 may not have marked the first ‘internet election’, but digital platforms are of ever increasing importance in political campaigning | British Politics and Policy at LSE. British Politics and Policy at LSE. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/archives/16525

Gibson, R., & Cantijoch, M. (2013). Conceptualizing and Measuring Participation in the Age of the Internet: Is Online Political Engagement Really Different to Offline? The Journal of Politics, 75(3), 701–716.

Gibson, R., Cantijoch, M., & Ward, S. (Eds.). (2010). The internet and the 2010 election; putting the small ‘p’ back in politics? The Hansard Society. http://www.hansardsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/The-internet-and-the-2010-election-2010.pdf

Gibson, R. K. (2009). NEW MEDIA AND THE REVITALISATION OF POLITICS. Representation, 45(3), 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344890903129566

Gibson, R. K., Lusoli, W., & Ward, S. (2005). Online Participation in the UK: Testing a ‘Contextualised’ Model of Internet Effects1. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 7(4), 561–583. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2005.00209.x

Gibson, Rachel, Nixon, P. G., & Ward, Stephen. (2003). Political parties and the Internet: net gain? Routledge.

Goerres, A. (2009). The political participation of older people in Europe: the greying of our democracies. Palgrave Macmillan. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.palgraveconnect.com/doifinder/10.1057/9780230233959

Goodwin, M. J. (2010). Activism in Contemporary Extreme Right Parties: The Case of the British National Party (BNP). Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 20(1), 31–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457280903450690

Goodwin, M. J., & Heath, O. (2016). The 2016 Referendum, Brexit and the Left Behind: An Aggregate-level Analysis of the Result. Political Quarterly, 87(3), 323–332. https://doi.org/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/1467-923X.12285/full

Grant, W. (2001). Pressure Politics: From ‘Insider’ Politics to Direct Action? Parliamentary Affairs, 54(2), 337–348. http://pa.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/2/337.full.pdf+html

Grant, W. (2003). Pressure Politics: The Challenges for Democracy. Parliamentary Affairs, 56(2), 297–308. https://doi.org/10.1093/parlij/gsg020

Grant, W. (2004). Pressure Politics: The Changing World of Pressure Groups. Parliamentary Affairs, 57(2), 408–419. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsh033

Grant, W. (2005). Pressure Politics: A Politics of Collective Consumption? Parliamentary Affairs, 58(2), 366–379. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsi028

Grant, W. (2008). The Changing Patterns of Group Politics in Britain. British Politics, 3(2), 204–222. https://doi.org/10.1057/bp.2008.3

Grant, W. (2014). Pressure Politics: The Role of Pressure Groups. Political Insight, 5(2), 12–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-9066.12055

Grant, Wyn. (1993). Business and politics in Britain (2nd ed). Macmillan.

Grant, Wyn. (1995). Pressure groups, politics and democracy in Britain: Vol. Contemporary political studies (2nd ed). Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Grant, Wyn. (2000). Pressure Groups and British politics: Vol. Contemporary political studies. Macmillan Press.

Gurr, T. R. (2012). Why Men Rebel (40th anniversary ed). Paradigm. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=870103

Halpin, D. (2017a). Surviving Global Change? Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5164703

Halpin, D. (2017b). Surviving Global Change? Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5164703

Halupka, M. (2014). Clicktivism: A Systematic Heuristic. Policy & Internet, 6(2), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.1002/1944-2866.POI355

Halupka, M. (2016). The rise of information activism: how to bridge dualisms and reconceptualise political participation. Information, Communication & Society, 19(10), 1487–1503. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1119872

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Haute, Emilie van. (2011). Party membership in Europe: exploration into the anthills of party politics: Vol. Science politique. Editions de Université de Bruxelles.

Hay, C., & Stoker, G. (2009). REVITALISING POLITICS: HAVE WE LOST THE PLOT? Representation, 45(3), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344890903129681

Hay, Colin. (2010). New directions in political science: responding to the challenges of an interdependent world. Palgrave Macmillan.

Heath, O., & Goodwin, M. (2017). The 2017 General Election, Brexit and the Return to Two-Party Politics: An Aggregate-Level Analysis of the Result. The Political Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12405

Heffernan, R., Hay, C., Russell, M., & Cowley, P. (Eds.). (2016). Developments in British Politics 10. Palgrave Macmillan.

Heffernan, Richard, Cowley, Philip, & Hay, Colin. (2011a). Developments in British politics 9. Palgrave Macmillan.

Heffernan, Richard, Cowley, Philip, & Hay, Colin. (2011b). Developments in British politics 9. Palgrave Macmillan.

Helm, T. (n.d.). How the 2010 election will be won by blogs and tweets | Politics | The Observer. The Observer. http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/jan/03/labour-tory-internet-campaigns

Henn, M., & Foard, N. (2012). Young People, Political Participation and Trust in Britain. Parliamentary Affairs, 65(1), 47–67. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsr046

Henn, M., & Foard, N. (2013). Social differentiation in young people’s political participation: the impact of social and educational factors on youth political engagement in Britain. Journal of Youth Studies, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2013.830704

Henn, M., & Weinstein, M. (2006). Young people and political (in)activism: why don’t young people vote? Policy & Politics, 34(3), 517–534. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557306777695316

Henn, M., Weinstein, M., & Forrest, S. (2005). Uninterested Youth? Young People’s Attitudes towards Party Politics in Britain. Political Studies, 53(3), 556–578. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2005.00544.x

Henn, M., Weinstein, M., & Hodgkinson, S. (2007). Social Capital and Political Participation: Understanding the Dynamics of Young People’s Political Disengagement in Contemporary Britain. Social Policy and Society, 6(04). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746407003818

HENN, M., WEINSTEIN, M., & WRING, D. (2002). A generation apart? Youth and political participation in Britain. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 4(2), 167–192. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-856X.t01-1-00001

Henry E. Brady, Sidney Verba and Kay Lehman Schlozman. (1995). Beyond Ses: A Resource Model of Political Participation. The American Political Science Review, 89(2), 271–294. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2082425

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Hooghe, M., Hosch-Dayican, B., & van Deth, J. W. (2014). Conceptualizing political participation. Acta Politica, 49, 337–348. https://doi.org/10.1057/ap.2014.7

House of Commons Political and Constitutional Reform Committee. (2014b). Voter Engagement in the UK: Fourth Report of the 2014- 2015 Session, HC232. http://www.parliament.uk/voter-engagement-in-the-uk

House of Commons Select Committee on Political and Constitutional Reform. (n.d.-a). Political and Constitutional Reform - Fourth Report.  Voter engagement in the UK. House of Commons. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201415/cmselect/cmpolcon/232/23202.htm

House of Lords - Referendums in the United Kingdom - Constitution Committee. (2010). http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200910/ldselect/ldconst/99/9902.htm

How Momentum got Britain’s youth interested in politics | British Politics and Policy at LSE. (n.d.). http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/how-momentum-got-young-people-interested-in-formal-politics/

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Huhne, C. (2009). REVITALISING POLITICS: RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGE. Representation, 45(3), 325–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344890903129608

Jennings, W., Stoker, G., & Twyman, J. (2016a). The Dimensions and Impact of Political Discontent in Britain. Parliamentary Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsv067

Jennings, W., Stoker, G., & Twyman, J. (2016b). The Dimensions and Impact of Political Discontent in Britain. Parliamentary Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsv067

Johnson, C., & Marshall, B. (n.d.). Political engagement among young people: an update. Electoral Commission. http://ec.clients.squiz.co.uk/__data/assets/electoral_commission_pdf_file/0016/16135/Politicalengagementamongyoungpeople_14096-10669__E__N__S__W__.pdf

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Kimberlee, R. H. (2002). Why Don’t British Young People Vote at General Elections? Journal of Youth Studies, 5(1), 85–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676260120111788

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King, Anthony. (2007). The British Constitution. Oxford University Press. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=238231

Klingemann, Hans-Dieter & Fuchs, Dieter. (1995). Citizens and the state: Vol. Beliefs in government. Oxford University Press. https://blackboard.le.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/pid-824511-dt-content-rid-2072834_5/library/eReserves/PL3127/PL3127_27694.pdf

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Lawrence LeDuc. (n.d.). Why did Britain vote for change when so many referendums end in the status quo? The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/why-did-britain-vote-for-change-when-so-many-referendums-end-in-the-status-quo-61970

Lawrence, M., & Birch, S. (n.d.). The Democracy Commission: Reforming Democracy to Combat Political Inequality. Institute for Public Policy Research. http://www.ippr.org/files/publications/pdf/democracy-commission_Aug2015.pdf?noredirect=1

LeDuc, L. (2015). Referendums and deliberative democracy. Electoral Studies, 38, 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2015.02.007

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LeDuc, Lawrence. (2003). The politics of direct democracy: referendums in global perspective. Broadview Press. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664316980002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

Lee, L., & Young, P. (2013). A disengaged Britain? Political interest and participation  over 30 years. In A. Park, C. Bryson, E. Clery, J. Curtice, & M. Phillips (Eds.), British Social Attitudes 30. NatCen. http://www.bsa.natcen.ac.uk/latest-report/british-social-attitudes-30/politics/introduction.aspx

Lent, A. (2003). The transformation of gay and lesbian politics in Britain1. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 5(1), 24–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-856X.00094

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Low, M. (2013). The changing nature of activist engagement within the Conservative Party: A review of Susan Scarrow’s task-orientated approach to party membership. British Politics. https://doi.org/10.1057/bp.2013.10

Lowndes, V. (2004). Getting On or Getting By? Women, Social Capital and Political Participation. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 6(1), 45–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2004.00126.x

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Marsh, D., Vines, E., & Halupka, M. (2016). Two Cheers for Richards and Smith: Beyond Anti-Politics? The Political Quarterly, 87(3), 383–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12247

Marsh, David, O’Toole, Therese, & Jones, Su. (2007a). Young people and politics in the UK: apathy or alienation? Palgrave Macmillan.

Marsh, David, O’Toole, Therese, & Jones, Su. (2007b). Young people and politics in the UK: apathy or alienation? Palgrave Macmillan.

Marsh, David, O’Toole, Therese, & Jones, Su. (2007c). Young people and politics in the UK: apathy or alienation? Palgrave Macmillan.

Marsh, I. (2016). Democratic Discontents. Comment on: Flinders, M. (2015) The Problem with Democracy. Parliamentary Affairs, 69(1), 207–210. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsv007

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Mchugh, D. (2006). Wanting to be Heard But Not Wanting to Act? Addressing Political Disengagement. Parliamentary Affairs, 59(3), 546–552. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsl027

Milner, Henry. (2010). The internet generation: engaged citizens or political dropouts: Vol. Civil society, historical and contemporary perspectives. University Press of New England. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10395900

Mitchell, J., Bennie, L., & Johns, R. (2017). Referendum as platform: the SNP and Scottish Green membership surge. Political Insight, 8(3), 16–19.

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Morel, L., & Qvortrup, M. (Eds.). (2018). The Routledge handbook to referendums and direct democracy. Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5185375

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Mycock, A., & Tonge, J. (2012). The Party Politics of Youth Citizenship and Democratic Engagement. Parliamentary Affairs, 65(1), 138–161. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsr053

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Nielsen, J. S. (Ed.). (2014). Muslim Political Participation in Europe. Edinburgh University Press. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=479626

Norris, P. (1991). Gender Differences in Political Participation in Britain: Traditional, Radical and Revisionist Models. Government and Opposition, 26(01), 56–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1991.tb01124.x

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Norris, P. (2011). Democratic deficit: critical citizens revisited. Cambridge University Press.

Norris, Pippa. (2001a). Britain votes, 2001: Vol. Hansard Society. Oxford University Press.

Norris, Pippa. (2001b). Digital divide: civic engagement, information poverty, and the Internet worldwide: Vol. Communication, society and politics. Cambridge University Press.

Norris, Pippa. (2002a). Democratic phoenix: reinventing political activism. Cambridge University Press.

Norris, Pippa. (2002b). Democratic phoenix: reinventing political activism. Cambridge University Press.

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Park, Alison. (2003). British social attitudes: the 20th report : continuity and change over two decades. SAGE. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10080878

Park, Alison. (2004a). British social attitudes: the 21st report : continuity and change over two decades. SAGE. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10256787

Park, Alison. (2004b). British social attitudes: the 21st report : continuity and change over two decades. SAGE. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10256787

Park, Alison. (2012). British social attitudes: The 28th report (2011th-2012 edition ed.). Sage. http://www.bsa.natcen.ac.uk/latest-report/british-social-attitudes-28/political-engagement.aspx

Park, Alison & National Centre for Social Research. (2002). British social attitudes: the 19th report. SAGE. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10348609

Park, Alison & National Centre for Social Research. (2008). British social attitudes: the 24th report. SAGE. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664380620002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

Park, Alison & National Centre for Social Research. (2010). British social attitudes: the 26th report. SAGE. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=254593

Parry, G., & Moyser, G. (1990). A Map of Political Participation in Britain. Government and Opposition, 25(02), 147–169.

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Pattie, C. (2003). Civic Attitudes and Engagement in Modern Britain. Parliamentary Affairs, 56(4), 616–633. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsg106

Pattie, C. J., Seyd, Patrick, & Whiteley, Paul. (2004a). Citizenship in Britain: values, participation and democracy. Cambridge University Press. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=74997

Pattie, C. J., Seyd, Patrick, & Whiteley, Paul. (2004b). Citizenship in Britain: values, participation and democracy. Cambridge University Press. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=74997

Pattie, C., & Johnston, R. (2001). A Low Turnout Landslide: Abstention at the British General Election of 1997. Political Studies, 49(2), 286–305. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00314

Pattie, C., & Johnston, R. (2007). Power to the People Through ‘Real Power and True Elections’? The Power Report and Revitalising British Democracy. Parliamentary Affairs, 60(2), 253–278. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsm005

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Pemberton, H., & Wickham-Jones, M. (2013). Labour’s lost grassroots: The rise and fall of party membership. British Politics, 8(2), 181–206. https://doi.org/10.1057/bp.2012.27

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PHELPS, E. (2005). Young Voters at the 2005 British General Election. The Political Quarterly, 76(4), 482–487. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923X.2005.00710.x

Pickard, S. (2017). Momentum and the Movementist ‘Corbynistas’: Young People Regenerating the Labour Party in Britain. In S. Pickard & J. Bessant (Eds.), Young people re-generating politics in times of crises: Vol. Palgrave studies in young people and politics (pp. 115–137). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58250-4_7

Pickard, S., & Bessant, J. (2017). Young People Re-Generating Politics in Times of Crises (1st ed. 2018). Springer International Publishing AG.

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Quinlan, S., Shephard, M., & Paterson, L. (2015). Online discussion and the 2014 Scottish independence referendum: Flaming keyboards or forums for deliberation? Electoral Studies, 38, 192–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2015.02.009

Qvortrup, M. (2006). DEMOCRACY BY DELEGATION: THE DECISION TO HOLD REFERENDUMS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. Representation, 42(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344890600583792

QVORTRUP, M. (2012). Voting on Electoral Reform: A Comparative Perspective on the Alternative Vote Referendum in the United Kingdom. The Political Quarterly, 83(1), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923X.2012.02270.x

Qvortrup, M. (2013). Politics of Participation. Manchester University Press.

Qvortrup, M. (Ed.). (2014). Referendums around the world: the continued growth of direct democracy. Palgrave Macmillan. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://leicester.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1809324

Qvortrup, M. (2015). Power to the People! But How? the Different Uses of Referendums around the WorldAltmanD. (2011) Direct Democracy Worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.BernhardL. (2012) Campaign Strategy in Direct Democracy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.HoboltS. B. (2009) Europe in Question: Referendums on European Integration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.SchillerT. (ed.) (2011) Local Direct Democracy in Europe. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag.SetäläM. and SchillerT. (eds) (2012) Citizens’ Initiatives in Europe: Procedures and Consequences of Agenda-Setting by Citizens. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.TierneyS. (2012) Constitutional Referendums: The Theory and Practice of Republican Deliberation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Wyn JonesR. and ScullyR. (2012) Wales Says Yes: Devolution and the 2011 Welsh Referendum. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. Political Studies Review, 13(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/1478-9302.12046

Qvortrup, M. (2017). Direct democracy: a comparative study of the theory and practice of government by the people. Manchester University Press.

Qvortrup, M. (2018a). Government by referendum. Manchester University Press.

Qvortrup, M. (Ed.). (2018b). Referendums Around the World. Palgrave Macmillan. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1809324

Rallings, C., & Thrasher, M. (2003). Local Electoral Participation in Britain. Parliamentary Affairs, 56(4), 700–715. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsg111

Rallings, C., & Thrasher, M. (2006). ‘Just Another Expensive Talking Shop’: Public Attitudes and the 2004 Regional Assembly Referendum in the North East of England. Regional Studies, 40(8), 927–936. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400600929069

Rallings, C., Thrasher, M., & Cowling, D. (2013). Mayoral referendums and elections revisited. British Politics. https://doi.org/10.1057/bp.2013.14

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Richards, D., & Smith, M. J. (2015). In Defence of British Politics Against the British Political Tradition. Political Quarterly, 86(1), 41–51.

Richards, D., Smith, M. J., & Hay, C. (Eds.). (2014). Institutional crisis in 21st-century Britain: Vol. Understanding governance series. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057%2F9781137334398

Richards, David & Smith, Martin J. (2002). Governance and public policy in the United Kingdom. Oxford University Press.

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