1.
Gill P, Phythian M. Intelligence in an insecure world [Internet]. Third edition. Cambridge, UK: Polity; 2018. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/reader.action?docID=5553458&ppg=175
2.
Richard K. Betts. Analysis, War, and Decision: Why Intelligence Failures Are inevitable. World Politics [Internet]. Cambridge University Press; 1978;31(1):61–89. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/2009967
3.
Hedley JH. Learning from Intelligence Failures. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence. 2005 Oct;18(3):435–450.
4.
James A. Examining intelligence-led policing: developments in research, policy and practice [Internet]. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan; 2013. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1514313
5.
Jervis R. Why intelligence fails: lessons from the Iranian Revolution and the Iraq War [Internet]. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press; 2010. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3137968
6.
Pillar P. Intelligence and U.S. Foreign Policy: Iraq, 9/11, and Misguided Reform [Internet]. Columbia University Press; Reprint edition; 1AD. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=908833
7.
Heuer RJ. Limits of Intelligence Analysis. Orbis. 2005 Dec;49(1):75–94.
8.
Dover R, Goodman MS. Learning from the secret past: cases in British intelligence history [Internet]. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press; 2011. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=877176
9.
Copeland TE. Fool me twice: intelligence failure and mass casualty terrorism [Internet]. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff; 2007. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/reader.action?docID=489418
10.
Herman M. What Difference Did It Make? Intelligence and National Security. 2011 Dec;26(6):886–901.
11.
Uri Bar-Joseph and Arie W. Kruglanski. Intelligence Failure and Need for Cognitive Closure: On the Psychology of the Yom Kippur Surprise. Political Psychology [Internet]. International Society of Political Psychology; 2003;24(1):75–99. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/3792511
12.
John A. Gentry. Intelligence Failure Reframed. Political Science Quarterly [Internet]. The Academy of Political ScienceThe Academy of Political Science; 2008;123(2):247–270. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20203011
13.
Hatlebrekke KA, Smith MLR. Towards a New Theory of Intelligence Failure? The Impact of Cognitive Closure and Discourse Failure. Intelligence and National Security. 2010 Apr;25(2):147–182.
14.
Rovner J, Rovner J. Fixing the facts: national security and the politics of intelligence [Internet]. Ithaca: Cornell University Press; 2011. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/reader.action?docID=3138236
15.
Lowenthal M. The Policymaker-Intelligence Relationship. The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Internet]. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/28250/chapter/213370530
16.
Pillar P. The Perils of Politicization. The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Internet]. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/28250/chapter/213372476
17.
Sheptycki J. Organizational Pathologies in Police Intelligence Systems: Some Contributions to the Lexicon of Intelligence-Led Policing. European Journal of Criminology. 2004 Jul 1;1(3):307–332.
18.
Zegart A. 9/11 and the FBI: The organizational roots of failure. Intelligence and National Security. 2007 Apr;22(2):165–184.
19.
Evans G. Rethinking Military Intelligence Failure – Putting the Wheels Back on the Intelligence Cycle. Defence Studies. 2009 Mar;9(1):22–46.
20.
Betts, Richard K. Enemies of Intelligence : Knowledge and Power in American National Security [Internet]. Columbia University Press; 2007. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=908240
21.
Richard K. Betts. Fixing Intelligence. Foreign Affairs [Internet]. Council on Foreign Relations; 2002;81(1):43–59. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/20033002
22.
Richard K. Betts. Two Faces of Intelligence Failure: September 11 and Iraq’s Missing WMD. Political Science Quarterly [Internet]. The Academy of Political ScienceThe Academy of Political Science; 2008;122(4):585–606. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20202928
23.
URI BAR-JOSEPH and JACK S. LEVY. Conscious Action and Intelligence Failure. Political Science Quarterly [Internet]. The Academy of Political ScienceThe Academy of Political Science; 2009;124(3):461–488. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25655697
24.
Report of the Enquiry into the Escape from Whitemoor Prison [Internet]. Home Office - HMSO; Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/272031/2741.pdf
25.
IRA escape a `disaster waiting to happen’ | UK | News | The Independent [Internet]. Available from: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/ira-escape-a-disaster-waiting-to-happen-1388101.html
26.
IRA jailbreakers get thousands in damages | Daily Mail Online [Internet]. Available from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-27716/IRA-jailbreakers-thousands-damages.html
27.
The Bichard Inquiry Report [Internet]. The Stationery Office; Available from: http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/6394/1/report.pdf
28.
Flanagan R. HMIC Report on Soham Murders [Internet]. Available from: https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmic/media/investigation-by-cambridgeshire-constabulary-20040530.pdf
29.
Collier PM. Policing and the Intelligent Application of Knowledge. Public Money and Management. 2006 Apr;26(2):109–116.
30.
Soham murders prompted policing revolution | Crime | News | London Evening Standard [Internet]. Available from: http://www.standard.co.uk/news/crime/soham-murders-prompted-policing-revolution-8045802.html
31.
Police own up to poor intelligence, data and media strategies | UK news | The Guardian [Internet]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/dec/18/soham.ukcrime6
32.
9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States [Internet]. 2004. Available from: http://www.9-11commission.gov/
33.
Zegart AB, Zegart ABB. Spying blind: the CIA, the FBI, and the origins Of 9/11 [Internet]. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2009. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=457948
34.
Goodman MA. 9/11: The Failure of Strategic Intelligence. Intelligence and National Security. 2003 Dec;18(4):59–71.
35.
Pillar PR. Good literature and bad history: The 9/11 commission’s tale of strategic intelligence. Intelligence and National Security. 2006 Dec;21(6):1022–1044.
36.
Borch FL. Comparing Pearl Harbor and ‘9/11’: Intelligence Failure? American Unpreparedness? Military Responsibility? The Journal of Military History. 2003;67(3):845–860.
37.
Marrin S. The 9/11 Terrorist Attacks: A Failure of Policy Not Strategic Intelligence Analysis. Intelligence and National Security. 2011 Apr;26(2–3):182–202.
38.
Pfiffner JP, Phythian M. Intelligence and national security policymaking on Iraq: British and American perspectives [Internet]. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 2008. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526130969/9781526130969.xml
39.
Davies P. Intelligence culture and intelligence failure in Britain and the United States. Cambridge Review of International Affairs. 2004 Oct 1;17(3):495–520.
40.
Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction [Internet]. Available from: http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/wmd/about.html
41.
Select Committee on Intelligence United States Senate. Report on the US Intelligence Community’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq [Internet]. 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951d02406334o
42.
Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction Programs — Central Intelligence Agency [Internet]. Available from: https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/iraq_wmd/Iraq_Oct_2002.htm
43.
Dennis M. Gormley. The Limits of Intelligence: Iraq’s Lessons. 2011; Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396338.2004.9688605
44.
Jervis R. Reports, politics, and intelligence failures: The case of Iraq. Journal of Strategic Studies. 2006;29(1):3–52.
45.
Phythian M. The Perfect Intelligence Failure? U.S. Pre-War Intelligence on Iraqi Weapons of Mass Destruction. Politics Policy. 2006 Jun;34(2):400–424.
46.
Paul R. Pillar. Intelligence, Policy, and the War in Iraq. Foreign Affairs [Internet]. Council on Foreign Relations; 2006;85(2):15–27. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/20031908
47.
Lucas S. Recognising Politicization: The CIA and the Path to the 2003 War in Iraq. Intelligence and National Security. 2011 Apr;26(2–3):203–227.
48.
The Failure by Thomas Powers | The New York Review of Books [Internet]. Available from: http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2004/apr/29/the-failure/?pagination=false
49.
Richard L. Russell. CIA’s Strategic Intelligence in Iraq. Political Science Quarterly [Internet]. The Academy of Political Science; 2002;117(2):191–207. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/798180
50.
Russell RL. A weak pillar for American national security: The CIA’s dismal performance against WMD threats. Intelligence and National Security. 2005 Sep;20(3):466–485.
51.
Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction - Butler Report [Internet]. 2004. Available from: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/7078/doc_7085_290_en.pdf
52.
Iraq Inquiry - The Report [Internet]. Available from: http://www.iraqinquiry.org.uk/the-report/
53.
Danchev A. The Reckoning: Official Inquiries and the Iraq War. Intelligence and National Security. 2004 Sep;19(3):436–466.
54.
Report of the Inquiry into Australian Intelligence Agencies (Flood Report) [Internet]. Available from: https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/3308786
55.
Parliamentary Joint Committee on ASIO, ASIS and DSD, Intelligence on Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction [Internet]. 2003. Available from: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House_of_Representatives_Committees?url=pjcaad/wmd/report.htm
56.
Could 7/7 Have Been Prevented? Review of the Intelligence on the London Terrorist Attacks of July 7 2005 [Internet]. 2009. Available from: https://b1cba9b3-a-5e6631fd-s-sites.googlegroups.com/a/independent.gov.uk/isc/files/20090519_ISC_7-7_Review.pdf?attachauth=ANoY7cqKdpgFYNagKwMI8gbLThBWwW_FZ_XpRKBFWRfOo8hX4vYnK7bIWs0Q6k1UGleR7FNPXWt3FVKGMkaaALWq4bJxLOjyAAfoqllRoEuchxfJXqLRN4RFGcpPedSpyyStqjuT_x_9TxbldxjXvKfolzHa4vyIUwwY3V1KQc_0ky3meEYh5ec70ROdFGCFftIP7xTYO9BIbJVESCk6cAqSsBfY3lQzEb834gfXv7v-eqzBBk3ZaAg%3D&attredirects=0
57.
Coroner’s Inquests into the London Bombings of 7 July 2005 [Internet]. HM Coroner; Available from: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120216072438/http://7julyinquests.independent.gov.uk/docs/orders/rule43-report.pdf
58.
How MI5 missed the links to the July 7 suicide bombers | UK news | The Guardian [Internet]. Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/may/01/topstories3.july7
59.
7/7 leader: more evidence reveals what police knew | UK news | The Guardian [Internet]. Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/may/03/july7.topstories3
60.
Intelligence bungles in build-up to 7/7 attacks | UK news | The Guardian [Internet]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/may/13/july7.immigrationpolicy
61.
7 July London bombings: 15 changes to anti-terror planning - BBC News [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-33388286
62.
Report on Intelligence Relating to the Murder of Fusilier Lee Rigby [Internet]. Intelligence and Security Committee; Available from: https://b1cba9b3-a-5e6631fd-s-sites.googlegroups.com/a/independent.gov.uk/isc/files/20141125_ISC_Woolwich_Report%28website%29.pdf?attachauth=ANoY7coe9kaSEN2NGXBOFiV9tmDNP70ZrjZzKEIViVqua7w7wLGwdQgLhTGKHkdqzAnI_7fqg6C8neCTNNYEmAGnUY9GCHuxAa26GSV78nn-rJix8AGUZh3Az0hk3cXqSf8KxEmIS7ynD8xDRZUIY3oWeNsYtFW93ymrOtzzZLPBqaOqHWP7u-Ag3DpZWTELAABmjM9PBBv7F3z2E1cLZR9R8Ia5mP_CB3tBB_FZ9PD_zRL8bzixg3unajzeW06zQPFghwbX7AzW&attredirects=0
63.
Woolwich murder: Lee Rigby’s death ‘not preventable’ - BBC News [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-30192912
64.
Lee Rigby Murder: How MI5 Monitors Terrorists Like Michael Adebolajo and Michael Adebowale [Internet]. Available from: http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/lee-rigby-murder-how-mi5-monitors-terrorists-like-michael-adebolajo-michael-adebowale-1476541
65.
Timeline: intelligence relating to murder of Lee Rigby | UK news | The Guardian [Internet]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/nov/25/timeline-intelligence-lee-rigby-murder
66.
Lee Rigby murder: Were we told the whole truth? | Crime | News | The Independent [Internet]. Available from: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/lee-rigby-murder-were-we-told-the-whole-truth-9893247.html
67.
Stephen Castle. Failures Preceded British Soldier’s Killing. The New York Times [Internet]. Available from: http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/ps/i.do?&id=GALE|A391517286&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=EAIM&sw=w
68.
MARRIN S. Preventing Intelligence Failures by Learning from the Past. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence. 2004 Dec;17(4):655–672.
69.
Strachan-Morris D. The Future of Civil–Military Intelligence Cooperation Based on Lessons Learned in Iraq. Intelligence and National Security. 2009 Apr;24(2):257–274.
70.
Kettle L. Between Franks and Butler: British Intelligence Lessons from the Gulf War. Intelligence and National Security. 2016 Feb 23;31(2):201–223.
71.
Nomikos J, Liaropoulos A. Truly Reforming or Just Responding to Failures? Lessons Learned from the Modernisation of the Greek National Intelligence Service. Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism. 2010 Apr;5(1):28–41.
72.
Dahl EJ. The Plots that Failed: Intelligence Lessons Learned from Unsuccessful Terrorist Attacks Against the United States. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2011 Aug;34(8):621–648.
73.
Wilkinson S. The London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Olympic—Intelligence Centre: Lessons Learned from Working with the Olympic Sponsors and the Private Sector. Salus Journal; 1AD;1(2):8–20. Available from: https://salusjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Wilkinson_Salus_Journal_Issue_1_Number_2_2013_pp_8-20.pdf
74.
Joyal RG. State fusion centers: their effectiveness in information sharing and intelligence analysis [Internet]. El Paso: LFB Scholarly Pub; 2012. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1057809
75.
Eric Rosenbach. The Incisive Fight: Recommendations for Improving Counterterrorism Intelligence. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science [Internet]. Sage Publications, Inc.American Academy of Political and Social ScienceAmerican Academy of Political and Social Science; 2008;618:133–147. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/40375780?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
76.
Intelligence and National Security. Routledge;
77.
Intelligence and National Security. Routledge;
78.
Marrin S, Clemente JD. Improving Intelligence Analysis by Looking to the Medical Profession. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence. 2005 Dec;18(4):707–729.
79.
Paul C, Paul C. Alert and ready: an organizational design assessment of marine corps intelligence [Internet]. Santa Monica, Calif: RAND; 2011. Available from: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10482340
80.
Shaw AN. British counterinsurgency in Brunei and Sarawak, 1962–1963: developing best practices in the shadow of Malaya. Small Wars & Insurgencies. 2016 Jul 3;27(4):702–725.
81.
Sloan G. The British State and the Irish Rebellion of 1916: An Intelligence Failure or a Failure of Response? Intelligence and National Security. 2012 Dec 24;1–42.
82.
Kahn, David. THE INTELLIGENCE FAILURE OF PEARL HARBOR. Foreign Affairs [Internet]. 70:138–152. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=9112230009&site=ehost-live
83.
Kahana E, Stivi-Kerbis S. The Assassination of Anwar al-Sadat: An Intelligence Failure. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence. 2014 Mar;27(1):178–192.
84.
Wilkinson M. Nerve agent development: a lesson in intelligence failure? Journal of Intelligence History. 2015 Jul 3;14(2):96–111.
85.
Smith TJ. : Intelligence Failure through Adversary Deception. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence. 2014 Sep;27(3):550–568.
