Bibliography for PL2023 Politics and Power in Africa BETA

’ Chinese Company To Build Housing Complex In Matola, Mozambique | Macauhub English (no date). Available at: http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/?s=%27+Chinese+company+to+build+housing+complex+in+Matola%2C+Mozambique.

A Du Pisani (2000) ‘New Sites of Governance’, in Theory, Change and the Future for Southern Africa. Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10044879.

‘A new Atlantic alliance; Brazil in Africa’ (2012) The Economist, 405(8). Available at: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A307748988&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=b581e710ec63ccfa442073b16d86b69a.

Abatan, E. and Spies, Y. (2016) ‘African solutions to African problems? The AU, R2P and Côte d’Ivoire’, South African Journal of International Affairs, 23(1), pp. 21–38. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2016.1153516.

Abbas, H. and Niyiragira, Y. (2009) Aid to Africa: Redeemer or Coloniser? Chicago: Pambazuka Press. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=398479.

Abbay, A. (2009) ‘Diversity and democracy in Ethiopia’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 3(2), pp. 175–201. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531050902972428.

ABC News Nightline Heart of Darkness: The Democratic Republic of Congo (no date).

Abdenur, A.E. and De Souza Neto, D.M. (2014) ‘Rising Powers and The Security–Development Nexus: Brazil’s Engagement with Guinea-Bissau’, Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, 9(2), pp. 1–16. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2014.950118.

Abegaz, B. (2015) ‘Aid, accountability and institution building in Ethiopia: the self-limiting nature of technocratic aid’, Third World Quarterly, 36(7), pp. 1382–1403. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1047447.

Abegunrin, O. and Akomolafe, O. (2006) Nigeria in Global Politics: Twentieth Century and Beyond [electronic resource]. Hauppauge: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662769620002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Abrahamsen, R. (2004) ‘The power of partnerships in global governance’, Third World Quarterly, 25(8), pp. 1453–1467. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/0143659042000308465.

Abrahamsen, R. (2013) ‘African democracy - still disciplined after all these years?’, International Relations, 27(2), pp. 241–246. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117813489655c.

Abrahamsen, R. and Bareebe, G. (2016) ‘Uganda’s 2016 elections: Not even faking it anymore’, African Affairs, 115(461), pp. 751–765. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adw056.

Abu Bakarr Bah, Mark Davidheiser, Niklas Hultin and Tricia Redeker Hepner (2011) ‘Introduction to ACPR: African Conflict in Global Perspective’, African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review, 1(1), pp. 1–7. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.1.1.1#pdf_only_tab_contents.

Adam, H.M. (1992) ‘Somalia: militarism, warlordism or democracy ?’, Review of African Political Economy, 19(54), pp. 11–26. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03056249208703950.

‘Addressing the Impact of HIV/AIDS on Women and Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: PEPFAR, the U.S. Strategy’ (no date) Africa Today, 57(1), pp. 65–76. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v057/57.1.rodney.html.

ADEBAJO, A. (2000) ‘Nigeria: Africa’s New Gendarme?’, Security Dialogue, 31(2), pp. 185–199. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010600031002005.

Adebajo, A. (2016) ‘The revolt against the West: intervention and sovereignty’, Third World Quarterly, 37(7), pp. 1187–1202. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2016.1154434.

Adegbulu, F. (2013) : ‘the emergence of a terrorist sect in Nigeria 2009–2013’, African Identities, 11(3), pp. 260–273. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2013.839118.

Adrienne Lebas (2013) From Protest to Parties: Party-Building And Democratization In Africa. Oxford University Press, Usa; Reprint edition. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=428738.

African Development Bank (2010) African development report: 2010: Ports, logistics, and trade in Africa. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Agbiboa, D. (2015) ‘Shifting the Battleground: The Transformation of Al-Shabab and the Growing Influence of Al-Qaeda in East Africa and the Horn’, Politikon, 42(2), pp. 177–194. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2015.1005791.

Aghedo, I. (2014) ‘Old Wine in a New Bottle: Ideological and Operational Linkages Between Maitatsine and Boko Haram Revolts in Nigeria’, African Security, 7(4), pp. 229–250. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2014.977169.

Ahluwalia, D.P.S. (2001a) Politics and post-colonial theory: African inflections. London: Routledge. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662950890002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Ahluwalia, D.P.S. (2001b) Politics and post-colonial theory: African inflections. London: Routledge. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663029350002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Ahwireng‐Obeng, F. and McGowan, P.J. (1998) ‘Partner or Hegemon? South Africa in Africa: Part One’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 16(1), pp. 5–38. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589009808729619.

Ainslie, A. and Kepe, T. (2016) ‘Understanding the Resurgence of Traditional Authorities in Post-Apartheid South Africa’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 42(1), pp. 19–33. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2016.1121714.

Akinola, A.O. (2011) ‘Niger Delta Crisis: The Nexus between Militants’ Insurgency and Security in West Africa’, African Security, 4(1), pp. 65–80. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2011.563180.

Akinola, O. (2015) ‘Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria: Between Islamic Fundamentalism, Politics, and Poverty’, African Security, 8(1), pp. 1–29. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2015.998539.

Alcinda Honwana (no date) Child Soldiers in Africa (The Ethnography of Political Violence) [Paperback]. University of Pennsylvania Press. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664783830002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Alden, C. and Le Pere, G. (2009) ‘South Africa in Africa: Bound To Lead?’, Politikon, 36(1), pp. 145–169. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340903155443.

Alden, C. and le Pere, G. (2003) ‘Chapter 4: South Africa, Africa and the South: Leadership and Revival’, The Adelphi Papers, 43(362), pp. 55–69. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/714027927.

Alden, C. and Wu, Y.-S. (2016) ‘South African foreign policy and China: converging visions, competing interests, contested identities’, Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 54(2), pp. 203–231. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2016.1151170.

Althaus, F. (no date) Female Circumcision: Rite of Passage Or Violation of Rights?, International Family Planning Perspectives. Available at: https://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/2313097.html.

Amone, C. (2015) ‘Contructivism, instrumentalism and the rise of Acholi ethnic identity in northern Uganda’, African Identities, 13(2), pp. 129–143. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2015.1023255.

‘Anchoring the “D-Word” in Africa’ (2010a) Journal of Democracy, 21(4), pp. 106–113. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2010.0006.

‘Anchoring the “D-Word” in Africa’ (2010b) Journal of Democracy, 21(4), pp. 106–113. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2010.0006.

Andersen, L.R. (2012) ‘Something’s Gotta Give: Security Sector Reform and United Nations Peace Operations’, African Security, 5(3–4), pp. 217–235. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2012.732894.

Anderson, D.M. and McKnight, J. (2015) ‘Kenya at war: Al-Shabaab and its enemies in Eastern Africa’, African Affairs, 114(454), pp. 1–27. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adu082.

Andrews, N. and Bawa, S. (2014) ‘A Post-development Hoax? (Re)-examining the Past, Present and Future of Development Studies’, Third World Quarterly, 35(6), pp. 922–938. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.907704.

Angola: China provides loan of US$4.5 billion as part of Framework Agreement with Angola | Macauhub English (2009). Available at: http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2009/03/27/6796/.

Angola prioritises financing in markets and credit lines from China and Brazil | Macauhub English (2015). Available at: http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2015/08/31/angola-prioritises-financing-in-markets-and-credit-lines-from-china-and-brazil/.

Angolan Parliament approves new framework cooperation agreement between Angola and China | Macauhub English (2009). Available at: http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2009/10/19/7954/.

Anne Pitcher, Mary H. Moran and Michael Johnston (2009) ‘Rethinking Patrimonialism and Neopatrimonialism in Africa’, African Studies Review, 52(1), pp. 125–156. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27667425?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Arnfred, S. and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (2006) Re-thinking sexualities in Africa. 2nd ed. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.

Ayers, A.J. (2013) ‘Beyond Myths, Lies and Stereotypes: The Political Economy of a “New Scramble for Africa”’, New Political Economy, 18(2), pp. 227–257. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2012.678821.

A’Zami, D. (2015) ‘“China in Africa”: From Under-researched to Under-theorised?’, Millennium - Journal of International Studies, 43(2), pp. 724–734. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0305829814557555.

Azevedo-Harman, E. (2015) ‘Patching Things Up in Mozambique’, Journal of Democracy, 26(2), pp. 139–150. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2015.0036.

Bachmann, J. and Gelot, L. (2012) ‘Between Protection and Stabilization? Addressing the Tensions in Contemporary Western Interventions in Africa: An Introduction’, African Security, 5(3–4), pp. 129–141. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2012.732883.

Badmus, I.A. (2015a) The African Union’s role in peacekeeping: building on lessons learned from security operations. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4001302.

Badmus, I.A. (2015b) The African Union’s role in peacekeeping: building on lessons learned from security operations. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4001302.

Bakare-Yusuf, B. (2012) ‘Scattered limbs, scattered stories: the silence of Biafra’, African Identities, 10(3), pp. 243–248. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2012.715453.

Banks, N. and Hulme, D. (2014) ‘New development alternatives or business as usual with a new face? The transformative potential of new actors and alliances in development’, Third World Quarterly, 35(1), pp. 181–195. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.868997.

‘“Baptism by Fire”: Boko Haram and the Reign of Terror in Nigeria’ (no date) Africa Today, 59(2), pp. 40–57. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v059/59.2.maiangwa.html.

Baregu, M.L., Landsberg, C., and International Peace Academy (2003) From Cape to Congo: Southern Africa’s evolving security challenges. Boulder, Colo: L. Rienner.

Barltrop, R. (2015) Darfur and the international community: the challenges of conflict resolution in Sudan. New paperback edition. London: I.B. Tauris.

Barnes, C. and Hassan, H. (2007) ‘The Rise and Fall of Mogadishu’s Islamic Courts’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 1(2), pp. 151–160. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531050701452382.

Barnett, Michael (2002) Eyewitness to a Genocide : The United Nations and Rwanda. Cornell University Press. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10559184.

Barron, T. (2013) ‘The Soldier and the State in the Congo Crisis: The Unprofessional Legacy of the National Congolese Army’, African Security, 6(2), pp. 97–132. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2013.788407.

Bauer, G. and Taylor, S.D. (2005a) Politics in southern Africa: state and society in transition. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Bauer, G. and Taylor, S.D. (2005b) Politics in southern Africa: state and society in transition. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Bayart, J. (no date) ‘Africa in the World: A History of Extraversion’, African Affairs, 99, (2000).

Becker, U. (2013) The BRICs and emerging economies in comparative perspective: political economy, liberalization and institutional change. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

Beresford, A. (2016) ‘Africa rising?’, Review of African Political Economy, 43(147), pp. 1–7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2016.1149369.

Berman, Eli (2009) Radical, Religious, and Violent : The New Economics of Terrorism. MIT Press. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10335355.

Besada, H. (2010a) Crafting an African security architecture: addressing regional peace and conflict in the 21st century. Burlington, VT: Ashgate. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10395016.

Besada, H. (2010b) Crafting an African security architecture: addressing regional peace and conflict in the 21st century. Burlington, VT: Ashgate. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10395016.

‘Between Democracy and Federalism: Shari’ah in Northern Nigeria and the Paradox of Institutional Impetuses’ (no date) Africa Today, 59(4), pp. 92–117. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v059/59.4.bolaji.html.

‘Between Maitatsine and Boko Haram: Islamic Fundamentalism and the Response of the Nigerian State’ (no date) Africa Today, 57(4), pp. 98–119. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v057/57.4.adesoji.html.

Beware, the ‘Beijing Consensus’ is a sinister one - Telegraph (2015). Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/8243751/Beware-the-Beijing-Consensus-is-a-sinister-one.html.

Birmingham, D. (2006) Empire in Africa: Angola and Its Neighbors [electronic resource]. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1743675.

Bischoff, P.-H. (2008) ‘Pan-African Multilateralism: Transformative or Disconnected?’, Politikon, 35(2), pp. 177–195. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340802366968.

Black, D.R. and Hornsby, D.J. (2016) ‘South Africa’s bilateral relationships in the evolving foreign policy of an emerging middle power’, Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 54(2), pp. 151–160. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2016.1151164.

Black hawk down - University of Leicester (no date). Available at: http://librarysearch.le.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=requestTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=44UOLE_ALMA21102224230002746&indx=1&recIds=44UOLE_ALMA21102224230002746&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%2844UOLE_DISSERTATIONS%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_DSPACE%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_CALM%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_ALMA%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_EXAM%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_CONTENTDM%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&mode=Basic&vid=44UOLE_VU1&srt=rank&tab=default_tab&vl(freeText0)=Black%20Hawk%20Down&dum=true&dstmp=1488283893799.

Blood Diamond [DVD] [2007] (no date).

Bøås, M. and Torheim, L.E. (2013) ‘The Trouble in Mali—corruption, collusion, resistance’, Third World Quarterly, 34(7), pp. 1279–1292. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2013.824647.

Bond, P. (2014) Elite transition: from Apartheid to neoliberalism in South Africa. Revised&expanded edition. London, [England]: Pluto Press. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10927994.

Booth, K. (2005) Critical security studies and world politics. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner.

Booysen, S. (2007) ‘“Choice Between Malaria and Cholera” or “Democratic Façade”: The 2006 Elections in the Democratic Republic of Congo’, Politikon, 34(1), pp. 1–18. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340701336179.

Bouilly, E., Rillon, O. and Cross, H. (2016) ‘African women’s struggles in a gender perspective’, Review of African Political Economy, 43(149), pp. 338–349. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2016.1216671.

Bowcott, O. (2015) UN accused of ‘gross failure’ over alleged sexual abuse by French troops | World news | The Guardian. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/un-gross-failure-sexual-abuse-french-troops-central-african-republic.

Bowland, C. and Otto, L. (no date) ‘Implementing Development Corridors: Lessons from the MDC’. Available at: http://www.mcli.co.za/mcli-web/downloads/docs/PB54-MaputoCorridor.pdf.

Brand, A., Geyer, H.S. and Geyer, H.S. (2015) ‘Corridor development in Gauteng, South Africa’, GeoJournal [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-015-9683-x.

Brautigam, D. (2011) The dragon’s gift: the real story of China in Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Brautigam, D. and Ekman, S.-M.S. (2012a) ‘Briefing Rumours and realities of Chinese agricultural engagement in Mozambique’, African Affairs, 111(444), pp. 483–492. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/ads030.

Brautigam, D. and Ekman, S.-M.S. (2012b) ‘Briefing Rumours and realities of Chinese agricultural engagement in Mozambique’, African Affairs, 111(444), pp. 483–492. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/ads030.

Bräutigam, D. and Xiaoyang, T. (2011a) ‘African Shenzhen: China’s special economic zones in Africa’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 49(01), pp. 27–54. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X10000649.

Bräutigam, D. and Xiaoyang, T. (2011b) ‘African Shenzhen: China’s special economic zones in Africa’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 49(01), pp. 27–54. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X10000649.

Breen Smyth, M. et al. (2008a) ‘Critical Terrorism Studies–an introduction’, Critical Studies on Terrorism, 1(1), pp. 1–4. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17539150701868538.

Breen Smyth, M. et al. (2008b) ‘Critical Terrorism Studies–an introduction’, Critical Studies on Terrorism, 1(1), pp. 1–4. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17539150701868538.

Brosig, M. (2013) ‘Introduction: The African Security Regime Complex—Exploring Converging Actors and Policies’, African Security, 6(3–4), pp. 171–190. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2013.854088.

Brown, W. (2009) ‘Reconsidering the Aid Relationship: International Relations and Social Development’, The Round Table, 98(402), pp. 285–299. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00358530902895386.

Building alternatives BRICS by BRICS - Bretton Woods Project (2012). Available at: http://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/2012/04/art-569947/.

Burnet, J.E. (2008a) ‘Gender Balance and the Meanings of Women in Governance in Post-Genocide Rwanda’, African Affairs, 107(428), pp. 361–386. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adn024.

Burnet, J.E. (2008b) ‘Gender Balance and the Meanings of Women in Governance in Post-Genocide Rwanda’, African Affairs, 107(428), pp. 361–386. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adn024.

Byiers, B. and Vanheukelom, J. (2014) ‘What Drives Regional Economic Integration: Lessons from the Maputo Development Corridor and North-South Corridor’. Available at: http://www.mcli.co.za/mcli-web/downloads/docs/DP157_PERISA_Corridors.pdf.

Calderisi, R. (2007) The trouble with Africa: why foreign aid isn’t working. New Haven, [Conn.]: Yale University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4093145.

Cameron, H. (2015) ‘The French Connection: Complicity in the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda’, African Security, 8(2), pp. 96–119. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2015.1036669.

Cammack, P. (2012) ‘The G20, the Crisis, and the Rise of Global Developmental Liberalism’, Third World Quarterly, 33(1), pp. 1–16. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2012.628110.

Campbell, J. (2013) ‘Is American Policy toward Sub-Saharan Africa Increasingly Militarized?’, American Foreign Policy Interests, 35(6), pp. 346–351. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10803920.2013.855547.

Campbell, K. (2012) State capitalism: Is it a rival to market capitalism? Available at: http://www.miningweekly.com/article/state-capitalism-is-it-a-rival-to-market-capitalism-2012-03-30.

Carson, J. (2013) ‘The Obama Administration’s Africa Policy: The First Four Years, 2009–2013’, American Foreign Policy Interests, 35(6), pp. 317–324. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10803920.2013.855549.

Carter, C. (no date) The Brutality of Corrective Rape - NYTimes.com. Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/07/26/opinion/26corrective-rape.html.

Castle, G. (2001a) Postcolonial discourses: an anthology. Oxford: Blackwell.

Castle, G. (2001b) Postcolonial discourses: an anthology. Oxford: Blackwell.

Castle, G. (2001c) Postcolonial discourses: an anthology. Oxford: Blackwell.

‘Catching up; India in Africa’ (2011) The Economist, 399(8). Available at: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A257377744&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=e0498996b906720114cc083a5536bae2.

Celso, A.N. (2015) ‘The Islamic State and Boko Haram: Fifth Wave Jihadist Terror Groups’, Orbis, 59(2), pp. 249–268. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2015.02.010.

Chafer, T. (2011) ‘The AU: a new arena for Anglo-French cooperation in Africa?’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 49(01), pp. 55–82. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X10000650.

Chari, T. (2010) ‘Representation or misrepresentation? The ’s framing of the 1994 Rwanda genocide’, African Identities, 8(4), pp. 333–349. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2010.513242.

Cheeseman, N. (2015) Democracy in Africa: successes, failures, and the struggle for political reform. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.

Cheeseman, N., Anderson, D. and Scheibler, A. (2013a) Routledge handbook of African politics. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203.

Cheeseman, N., Anderson, D. and Scheibler, A. (2013b) Routledge handbook of African politics. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203.

Cheeseman, N., Anderson, D. and Scheibler, A. (2013c) Routledge handbook of African politics. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203.

Cheeseman, N., Anderson, D. and Scheibler, A. (2013d) Routledge handbook of African politics. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203.

Cheeseman, N., Anderson, D. and Scheibler, A. (2013e) Routledge handbook of African politics. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203.

Cheeseman, N., Anderson, D. and Scheibler, A. (2013f) Routledge handbook of African politics. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203.

Cheeseman, N., Anderson, D. and Scheibler, A. (2013g) Routledge handbook of African politics. London: Routledge. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662768690002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Cheeseman, N., Anderson, D. and Scheibler, A. (2013h) Routledge handbook of African politics. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203.

Chin, G. and Thakur, R. (2010) ‘Will China Change the Rules of Global Order?’, The Washington Quarterly, 33(4), pp. 119–138. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2010.516145.

China’s Xi pledges $60bn for development in Africa (no date a). Available at: http://www.polity.org.za/article/chinas-xi-pledges-60bn-for-development-in-africa-2015-12-04.

China’s Xi pledges $60bn for development in Africa (no date b). Available at: http://www.polity.org.za/article/chinas-xi-pledges-60bn-for-development-in-africa-2015-12-04.

Chinese companies take part in modernisation of water supply system in Maputo, Matola and Boane in Mozambique | Macauhub English (no date). Available at: http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2010/04/13/8898/.

Chinua Achebe (no date) Things Fall Apart. Penguin. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3008290.

Chizea, B. and Osumah, O. (2015) ‘Two Sides of a Coin: Traditional Rulership and the Mitigation of Nonstate Security Threats in Nigeria’, African Security, 8(2), pp. 75–95. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2015.1036668.

Christian, P.J. (2013) ‘Darfur—Ground Zero for Africa’s Crises of Identity: A Psychohistoriography of Tribes in Conflict’, African Security, 6(1), pp. 1–37. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2013.759457.

Christina Stolte (2013) ‘Brazil in Africa: seeking international status, not resources’, Harvard International Review, 34(4). Available at: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A324249885&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=5c9466d5fa82a26b07ac0b9c03d89129.

Clark, J.F. (2011) ‘A Constructivist Account of the Congo Wars’, African Security, 4(3), pp. 147–170. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2011.599262.

Clark, P. (2008) ‘Ethnicity, Leadership and Conflict Mediation in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: The Case of the’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 2(1), pp. 1–17. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531050701846682.

Coleman, K.P. (2011) ‘Innovations in “African solutions to African problems”: the evolving practice of regional peacekeeping in sub-Saharan Africa’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 49(04), pp. 517–545. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X11000462.

Collier, P. (2007a) The bottom billion: why the poorest countries are failing and what can be done about it. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662803890002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Collier, P. (2007b) The bottom billion: why the poorest countries are failing and what can be done about it. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663029610002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Collier, P. and Hoefler, A. (2004) ‘Greed and grievance in civil war’, Oxford Economic Papers, 56(4), pp. 563–595. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpf064.

Comolli, V. (2015) Boko Haram: Nigeria’s Islamic insurgency. London: Hurst & Company.

‘Constraining Government Power in Africa’ (no date a) Journal of Democracy, 22(1), pp. 96–106. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/journal_of_democracy/v022/22.1.akech.html.

‘Constraining Government Power in Africa’ (no date b) Journal of Democracy, 22(1), pp. 96–106. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/journal_of_democracy/v022/22.1.akech.html.

Cooper, F. (2014) Africa in the world: capitalism, empire, nation-state. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10846209.

Corbridge, S. (1995) Development studies: a reader. London: Edward Arnold.

Corkin, L. (2011) ‘Uneasy allies: China’s evolving relations with Angola’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 29(2), pp. 169–180. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2011.555192.

Corkin, L. and Naidu, S. (2008) ‘China & India in Africa: An Introduction’, Review of African Political Economy, 35(115), pp. 115–116. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240802011824.

‘Côte d’Ivoire: Ethnic Turmoil and Foreign Intervention’ (no date) Africa Today, 61(2), pp. 40–55. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v061/61.2.el-khawas.html.

Coulter, C. (2009) Bush wives and girl soldiers: women’s lives through war and peace in Sierra Leone. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10457647.

Coulter, Chris (2009) Bush Wives and Girl Soldiers : Women’s Lives Through War and Peace in Sierra Leone. Cornell University Press. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10457647.

Cowaloosur, H. (2014) ‘Land grab in new garb: Chinese special economic zones in Africa’, African Identities, 12(1), pp. 94–109. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2013.868674.

Cowen, M.P. and Laasko, L. (2001) Multi-party elections in Africa. Oxford: James Currey.

Cox, M. and Stokes, D. (2012) US foreign policy. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Crowder, M., Oliver, R. and Fage, J.D. (1984) The Cambridge History of Africa: Vol. 8: From C. 1940 to C. 1975. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664740130002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Curtis, Devon.; D. (2012) Peacebuilding, Power, and Politics in Africa. Athens, UNITED STATES: Ohio University Press. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10606570.

Daily chart: Jihadists in Africa: A rising tide | The Economist (no date). Available at: http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2015/07/daily-chart-jihadists-africa.

Daley, E. and Englert, B. (2010) ‘Securing land rights for women’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 4(1), pp. 91–113. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531050903556675.

Daley, P. (2007) ‘The Burundi Peace Negotiations: An African Experience of Peace–making’, Review of African Political Economy, 34(112), pp. 333–352. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240701449729.

Dallaire, R. (2004a) ‘The Lessons of Rwanda’, Refugee Survey Quarterly, 23(4), pp. 19–27. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/23.4.19.

Dallaire, R. (2004b) ‘The Lessons of Rwanda’, Refugee Survey Quarterly, 23(4), pp. 19–27. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/23.4.19.

Dallaire, R. and Beardsley, B. (2004a) Shake hands with the devil: the failure of humanity in Rwanda. London: Arrow.

Dallaire, R. and Beardsley, B. (2004b) Shake hands with the devil: the failure of humanity in Rwanda. London: Arrow.

Daniel Bach (2012) Neopatrimonialism in africa and beyond (Routledge Studies on African Politics and International Relations). Routledge. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=346173.

David Killingray (19AD) Fighting for Britain: African Soldiers in the Second World War (0). Boydell & Brewer; Reprint edition.

Davis, J. (2011) The Barack Obama presidency: A two year assessment. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780230370456.

De Jager, N. and Du Toit, P. van der P. (2013) Friend or foe?: dominant party systems in Southern Africa : insights from the developing world. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.

De Medeiros Carvalho, P.M.A.R. (2011) ‘Japan’s Foreign Aid Policy to Angola and Mozambique’, Politikon, 38(2), pp. 315–342. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2011.580131.

De Waal, A. (2015) The real politics of the Horn of Africa: money, war and the business of power. Cambridge, UK: Polity. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=11115170.

Death, C. (2011) ‘Leading by Example: South African Foreign Policy and Global Environmental Politics’, International Relations, 25(4), pp. 455–478. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117811404582.

Deborah Brautigam (2016) Will Africa Feed China? OUP USA. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=827807.

Debos, M. (2008a) ‘Fluid Loyalties in a Regional Crisis: Chadian “Ex-Liberators” in the Central African Republic’, African Affairs, 107(427), pp. 225–241. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adn004.

Debos, M. (2008b) ‘Fluid Loyalties in a Regional Crisis: Chadian “Ex-Liberators” in the Central African Republic’, African Affairs, 107(427), pp. 225–241. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adn004.

Deegan, H. (2011) Politics South Africa. 2nd ed. Harlow: Pearson Longman.

Degila, D.E. (2014) ‘Neopatrimonialism in Africa and Beyond’, African Affairs, 113(453), pp. 623–625. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adu052.

Dembinski, M. and Schott, B. (2013) ‘Converging Around Global Norms? Protection of Civilians in African Union and European Union Peacekeeping in Africa’, African Security, 6(3–4), pp. 276–296. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2013.854085.

Desai, V. and Potter, R.B. (2008) The companion to development studies. London: Arnold.

Desmond Tutu, A. (2004) ‘South Africa, Africa and the World’, Conflict, Security & Development, 4(2), pp. 199–205. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/1467880042000259112.

Deych, T. (2015) ‘BRICS as an Important Actor in Africa’, Insight on Africa, 7(2), pp. 169–185. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0975087815581459.

Dizolele, M.P. and Kambale, P.K. (2012) ‘The DRC’s Crumbling Legitimacy’, Journal of Democracy, 23(3), pp. 109–120. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2012.0045.

Dodsworth, S. and Cheeseman, N. (2018) ‘The potential and pitfalls of collaborating with development organizations and policy makers in Africa’, African Affairs, 117(466), pp. 130–145. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adx041.

Durable peace (2004). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=202257.

Dwyer, M. (2017) Soldiers in revolt: army mutinies in Africa. London: Hurst & Company.

Easterly, W. (2006) The white man’s burden: why the West’s efforts to aid the rest have done so much ill and so little good. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Eaton, D. (2008) ‘The Business of Peace: Raiding and Peace Work along the Kenya-Uganda Border (Part II)’, African Affairs, 107(427), pp. 243–259. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adm086.

Ebohon, S.I. and Ifeadi, E.U.B. (2012) ‘Managing the Problems of Public Order and Internal Security in Nigeria’, African Security, 5(1), pp. 1–23. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2012.653304.

‘ECOWAS and Regional Peacekeeping Integration in West Africa: Lessons for the Future’ (no date) Africa Today, 57(2), pp. 3–24. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v057/57.2.arthur.html.

Edmonds, M., Mills, G. and McNamee, T. (2009) ‘Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration and Local Ownership in the Great Lakes: The Experience of Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo’, African Security, 2(1), pp. 29–58. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19362200902766383.

Egiegba Agbiboa, D. (2013) ‘Living in Fear: Religious Identity, Relative Deprivation and the Boko Haram Terrorism’, African Security, 6(2), pp. 153–170. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2013.788410.

Eke, S.J. (2015) ‘How and why Boko Haram blossomed: examining the fatal consequences of treating a purposive terrorist organisation as less so’, Defense & Security Analysis, pp. 1–11. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14751798.2015.1087102.

Engel, S. (2014) ‘The not-so-great aid debate’, Third World Quarterly, 35(8), pp. 1374–1389. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.946251.

Engel, U. (2014) ‘The African Union, the African Peace and Security Architecture, and Maritime Security’, African Security, 7(3), pp. 207–227. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2014.939889.

Engel, U. and Porto, J.G. (2009) ‘The African Union’s New Peace and Security Architecture: Toward an Evolving Security Regime?’, African Security, 2(2–3), pp. 82–96. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19362200903359774.

Engel, U. and Porto, J.G. (2014) ‘Imagining, Implementing, and Integrating the African Peace and Security Architecture: The African Union’s Challenges’, African Security, 7(3), pp. 135–146. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2014.945379.

Erlank, N. (2005) ‘ANC positions on gender, 1994–2004’, Politikon, 32(2), pp. 195–215. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340500353458.

‘Ethnicity and Electoral Politics in Ghana’s Fourth Republic’ (no date) Africa Today, 56(2), pp. 45–73. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v056/56.2.arthur.html.

Fallon, Kathleen M. (2010a) Democracy and the Rise of Women’s Movements in Sub-Saharan Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10376670.

Fallon, Kathleen M. (2010b) Democracy and the Rise of Women’s Movements in Sub-Saharan Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10376670.

Felbab-Brown, V. and Forest, J.J.F. (2012) ‘Political Violence and the Illicit Economies of West Africa’, Terrorism and Political Violence, 24(5), pp. 787–806. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2011.644098.

Fetter, J. (2014) Obama: Into Africa: Foreign Policy in Focus. Available at: http://fpif.org/obama-africa/.

Fforde, A. (2013) Understanding development economics: its challenge to development studies. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Fijałkowski, Ł. (2011) ‘China’s “soft power” in Africa?’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 29(2), pp. 223–232. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2011.555197.

Firsing, S. (2014) ‘Thinking through the role of Africa’s militaries in peacekeeping: the cases of Nigeria, Ethiopia and Rwanda’, South African Journal of International Affairs, 21(1), pp. 45–67. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2014.894685.

FISHER, J. and ANDERSON, D.M. (2015a) ‘Authoritarianism and the securitization of development in Africa’, International Affairs, 91(1), pp. 131–151. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12190.

FISHER, J. and ANDERSON, D.M. (2015b) ‘Authoritarianism and the securitization of development in Africa’, International Affairs, 91(1), pp. 131–151. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12190.

FISHER, J. and ANDERSON, D.M. (2015c) ‘Authoritarianism and the securitization of development in Africa’, International Affairs, 91(1), pp. 131–151. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12190.

Frahm, O. (2015) ‘Making borders and identities in South Sudan’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 33(2), pp. 251–267. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2015.1070461.

Frederick Cooper (2014) Citizenship between Empire and Nation: Remaking France and French Africa, 1945-1960. Princeton University Press. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=617464.

Fredrik Söderbaum and Ian Taylor (2001) ‘Transmission Belt for Transnational Capital or Facilitator for Development? Problematising the Role of the State in the Maputo Development Corridor’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 39(4), pp. 675–695. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/3557345.

Freedman, J. and SpringerLink (Online service) (2012) Engaging Men in the Fight against Gender Violence: Case Studies from Africa [electronic resource]. Edited by J. Freedman. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. Available at: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057%2F9781137014740.

Freistein, K. and Mahlert, B. (2016) ‘The potential for tackling inequality in the Sustainable Development Goals’, Third World Quarterly, 37(12), pp. 2139–2155. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2016.1166945.

de Freitas Barbosa, A., Narciso, T. and Biancalana, M. (2009) ‘Brazil in Africa: Another Emerging Power in the Continent?’, Politikon, 36(1), pp. 59–86. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340903155401.

Fuamba, D., Yonekawa, M. and Seegers, A. (2013) ‘Managing Spoilers in a Hybrid War: The Democratic Republic of Congo (1996–2010)’, Politikon, 40(2), pp. 319–338. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2012.746187.

Furley, O. (1995) Conflict in Africa. London: Tauris Academic Studies.

Gary A. Haugen (2015) The Locust Effect: Why the End of Poverty Requires the End of Violence. Oxford University Press; Reprint edition. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=573594.

Gaynor, N. (2010) ‘Between Citizenship and Clientship: The Politics of Participatory Governance in Malawi’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 36(4), pp. 801–816. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2010.527637.

Gebrewold, B. (2010) ‘The Cynicism of "African Solutions for African Problems”’, African Security, 3(2), pp. 80–103. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2010.485509.

Gebrewold, B. (2014) ‘Legitimate Regional Powers? A Failed Test for Ethiopia, Nigeria, and South Africa’, African Security, 7(1), pp. 1–23. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2014.880029.

Gelot, L. (2012a) Legitimacy, peace operations and global-regional security: the African Union-United Nations partnership in Darfur. London: Routledge.

Gelot, L. (2012b) Legitimacy, peace operations and global-regional security: the African Union-United Nations partnership in Darfur. London: Routledge.

Gelot, L. (2012c) Legitimacy, peace operations and global-regional security: the African Union-United Nations partnership in Darfur. London: Routledge.

Ghobadzdeh, N. and Akbarzadeh, S. (2015a) ‘Sectarianism and the prevalence of “othering” in Islamic thought’, Third World Quarterly, 36(4), pp. 691–704. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1024433.

Ghobadzdeh, N. and Akbarzadeh, S. (2015b) ‘Sectarianism and the prevalence of “othering” in Islamic thought’, Third World Quarterly, 36(4), pp. 691–704. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1024433.

Gilley, B. (2016) ‘Chinua Achebe on the positive legacies of colonialism’, African Affairs, 115(461), pp. 646–663. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adw030.

Giorgio Musso (2012) ‘Electoral Politics and Religious Parties in Sudan: An Analysis of the April 2010 Election’, African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review, 2(1), pp. 58–86. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.2.1.58?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Giroux, J., Lanz, D. and Sguaitamatti, D. (no date) ‘The tormented triangle: the regionalisation of conflict in Sudan, Chad, and the Central African Republic’. Available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28497/.

Gisselquist, R.M. (2015) ‘Varieties of fragility: implications for aid’, Third World Quarterly, 36(7), pp. 1269–1280. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1041104.

‘Globalization and Marginalization of Africa: Contextualization of China–Africa Relations’ (no date) Africa Today, 58(1), pp. 102–124. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v058/58.1.edoho.html.

Gomes Porto, J. and Ngandu, K.Y. (2014) ‘The African Union, Preventive Diplomacy, Mediation, and the Panel of the Wise: Review and Reflection on the Panel’s First Six Years’, African Security, 7(3), pp. 181–206. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2014.952582.

Gonzales, P. (2014) China/Africa & the 21st century. [Charleston (S.C.)]: [CreateSpace Independent Publishing].

Gore, C. (2000) ‘The Rise and Fall of the Washington Consensus as a Paradigm for Developing Countries’, World Development, 28(5), pp. 789–804. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00160-6.

Gourevitch, P. (1999) We wish to inform you that tomorrow we will be killed with our families: stories from Rwanda. London: Picador.

Gouws, A. (2016) ‘Women’s activism around gender-based violence in South Africa: recognition, redistribution and representation’, Review of African Political Economy, 43(149), pp. 400–415. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2016.1217838.

Gouws, A. and Kotzé, H. (2007) ‘Women in Leadership Positions in South Africa: The Role of Values’, Politikon, 34(2), pp. 165–185. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340701715273.

Gqola, P.D. (2007) ‘How the “cult of femininity” and violent masculinities support endemic gender based violence in contemporary South Africa’, African Identities, 5(1), pp. 111–124. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14725840701253894.

Graham Harrison (2010) Neoliberal Africa [Paperback]. Zed Books. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663027720002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Griffith, T.B. (2014) Nigeria: instability, implications, and U.S. policy. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10812502.

Grinker, R.R., Lubkemann, S.C. and Steiner, C.B. (2010a) Perspectives on Africa: a reader in culture, history, and representation. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

Grinker, R.R., Lubkemann, S.C. and Steiner, C.B. (2010b) Perspectives on Africa: a reader in culture, history, and representation. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

Grinker, R.R., Lubkemann, S.C. and Steiner, C.B. (2010c) Perspectives on Africa: a reader in culture, history, and representation. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

Grinker, R.R., Lubkemann, S.C. and Steiner, C.B. (2010d) Perspectives on Africa: a reader in culture, history, and representation. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

Grinker, R.R., Lubkemann, S.C. and Steiner, C.B. (2010e) Perspectives on Africa: a reader in culture, history, and representation. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

Grinker, R.R., Lubkemann, S.C. and Steiner, C.B. (2010f) Perspectives on Africa: a reader in culture, history, and representation. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

Grinker, R.R., Lubkemann, S.C. and Steiner, C.B. (2010g) Perspectives on Africa: a reader in culture, history, and representation. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

Grinker, R.R., Lubkemann, S.C. and Steiner, C.B. (2010h) Perspectives on Africa: a reader in culture, history, and representation. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

Grinker, R.R., Lubkemann, S.C. and Steiner, C.B. (2010i) Perspectives on Africa: a reader in culture, history, and representation. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

Grove, A. (2011) ‘The International Politics of Survival: The Case of Mugabe’s Staying Power’, Politikon, 38(2), pp. 275–294. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2011.580127.

Gruffydd Jones, B. (2015) ‘From rupture to revolution: race, culture and the practice of anti-colonial thought’, African Identities, 13(1), pp. 4–17. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2015.1048064.

Gutteridge, W. and Spence, J.E. (1997) Violence in Southern Africa. London: Frank Cass.

Gyimah-Boadi, E. and Prempeh, H.K. (2012) ‘Oil, Politics, and Ghana’s Democracy’, Journal of Democracy, 23(3), pp. 94–108. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2012.0042.

H Solomon (no date) Somalia’s Al Shabaab: Clans vs Islamist nationalism. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/doi/pdf/10.1080/10220461.2014.967286.

Habib, A. (2009) ‘South Africa’s foreign policy: hegemonic aspirations, neoliberal orientations and global transformation’, South African Journal of International Affairs, 16(2), pp. 143–159. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10220460903265857.

Halper, Stefan (no date) Beijing Consensus, The : Legitimizing Authoritarianism in Our Time. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=274454.

Hamill, J. (1998) ‘From Realism to Complex Interdependence? South Africa, Southern Africa and the Question of Security’, International Relations, 14(3), pp. 1–30. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/004711789801400301.

Hamill, J. (2006) ‘South Africa in Africa: The Dilemmas of Multi-lateralsim’, in The New Multi-lateralism in South African Diplomacy. Palgrave-Macmillan. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=82555.

Hamill, J. (2010) ‘A (Qualified) Reaffirmation of ANC Hegemony: Assessing South Africa’s 2009 Election’, Politikon, 37(1), pp. 3–23. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2010.492147.

Hamill, J. (2018a) Africa’s lost leader: South Africa’s continental role since apartheid. London: Routledge.

Hamill, J. (2018b) Africa’s lost leader: South Africa’s continental role since apartheid. London: Routledge.

Hamill, J. and Hoffman, J. (2009a) ‘“Quiet Diplomacy” or Appeasement? South African Policy towards Zimbabwe’, The Round Table, 98(402), pp. 373–384. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00358530902895584.

Hamill, J. and Hoffman, J. (2009b) ‘“Quiet Diplomacy” or Appeasement? South African Policy towards Zimbabwe’, The Round Table, 98(402), pp. 373–384. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00358530902895584.

Hamill, J. and Lee, D. (2001) ‘A Middle Power Paradox? South African Diplomacy in the Post-apartheid Era’, International Relations, 15(4), pp. 33–59. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/004711701015004004.

Hargreaves, J.D. (1996) Decolonization in Africa. 2nd ed. London: Longman. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1757018.

HARMAN, S. and WILLIAMS, D. (2014) ‘International development in transition’, International Affairs, 90(4), pp. 925–941. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12148.

Harper, M. (2012) Getting Somalia wrong?: faith, war and hope in a shattered state. London: Zed Books. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10532060.

Harrison, G. (no date) Neoliberal Africa: The Impact of Global Social Engineering, Harrison. Available at: http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/N/bo20850944.html.

Harry  Verhoeven (2009) ‘The self-fulfilling prophecy of failed states: Somalia, state collapse and the Global War on Terror’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 3(3), pp. 405–425. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17531050903273719.

Hassim, S. (2014a) ‘Violent Modernity: Gender, Race and Bodies in Contemporary South African Politics’, Politikon, 41(2), pp. 167–182. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2013.865824.

Hassim, S. (2014b) ‘Violent Modernity: Gender, Race and Bodies in Contemporary South African Politics’, Politikon, 41(2), pp. 167–182. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2013.865824.

Hawley, J.C. and Hawley, J.C. (2008) India in Africa, Africa in India : Indian Ocean cosmopolitanisms. [Place of publication not identified]: Indiana University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=455797.

Heath-Kelly, C., Baker-Beall, C. and Jarvis, L. (2015) ‘Editors’ introduction: neoliberalism and/as terror’, Critical Studies on Terrorism, 8(1), pp. 1–14. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2015.1009761.

Hentz, J.J. (2010) ‘National and Human Security in Sub-Sahara Africa’, Orbis, 54(4), pp. 630–643. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2010.07.009.

Hilary, J. (2010) ‘Africa: Dead Aid and the return of neoliberalism’, Race & Class, 52(2), pp. 79–84. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0306396810377010.

Hill, Geoff, 1956- (2003) The battle for Zimbabwe: the final countdown. Cape Town: Zebra Press.

‘Hisbah and Sharia Law Enforcement in Metropolitan Kano’ (no date) Africa Today, 57(4), pp. 70–96. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v057/57.4.olaniyi.html.

Hooper, C. (2001) Manly states: masculinities, international relations, and gender politics. New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press.

Horowitz, D.L. (2000) Ethnic groups in conflict. 2nd ed. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press.

Hotel Rwanda - University of Leicester (no date). Available at: http://librarysearch.le.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=requestTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=44UOLE_ALMA2195414030002746&indx=1&recIds=44UOLE_ALMA2195414030002746&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%2844UOLE_DISSERTATIONS%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_DSPACE%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_CALM%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_ALMA%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_EXAM%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_CONTENTDM%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&mode=Basic&vid=44UOLE_VU1&srt=rank&tab=default_tab&vl(freeText0)=Hotel%20Rwanda&dum=true&dstmp=1488283395554.

Hout, W. (2012) ‘The Anti-Politics of Development: donor agencies and the political economy of governance’, Third World Quarterly, 33(3), pp. 405–422. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2012.657474.

‘How different is his policy? Barack Obama and Africa’ (2009) The Economist, 392(8). Available at: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A203743723&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=bf45eb4c7c9bae0bc6926a97276fac4d.

How Somalia�s al-Shabab militants hone their image - BBC News (no date). Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27633367.

Howard W. French (2015) China’s Second Continent: How a Million Migrants Are Building a New Empire in Africa. Vintage; Reprint edition. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=749723.

Hubbard, R.G. and Duggan, W.R. (2009) The aid trap: hard truths about ending poverty. New York: Columbia Business School Pub. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10387033.

Huckabey, J.M. (2013) ‘Al Qaeda in Mali: The Defection Connections’, Orbis, 57(3), pp. 467–484. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2013.05.008.

Hultin, N. (2010a) ‘Repositioning the Front Lines? Reflections on the Ethnography of African Securityscapes’, African Security, 3(2), pp. 104–125. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2010.485856.

Hultin, N. (2010b) ‘Repositioning the Front Lines? Reflections on the Ethnography of African Securityscapes’, African Security, 3(2), pp. 104–125. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2010.485856.

Hunt, J. (2011) ‘America and the World. Conversations on the Future of American Foreign Policy’, Politikon, 38(3), pp. 460–462. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2011.623849.

Hutton, L. (2014) ‘Internal and external dilemmas of peacebuilding in Africa_01_2014_Lauren Hutton CRU.pdf’. Available at: http://www.clingendael.nl/sites/default/files/Internal%20and%20external%20dilemmas%20of%20peacebuilding%20in%20Africa_01_2014_Lauren%20Hutton%20CRU.pdf.

Hyden, G. (2015) ‘Rethinking justice and institutions in African peacebuilding’, Third World Quarterly, 36(5), pp. 1007–1022. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1025739.

Hydň, G. (2013a) African politics in comparative perspective. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10618570.

Hydň, G. (2013b) African politics in comparative perspective. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10618570.

‘Imperial Presidency and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria’ (no date) Africa Today, 59(1), pp. 43–68. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v059/59.1.isumonah.html.

India chooses private banker to head Brics bank | Asia-Pacific | BDlive (2015). Available at: http://www.bdlive.co.za/world/asia/2015/05/11/india-chooses-private-banker-to-head-brics-bank.

‘India in Africa’ (no date) Economic and Political Weekly, 44(51). Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25663903?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Ingelaere, B. (2010a) ‘Peasants, power and ethnicity: A bottom-up perspective on Rwanda’s political transition’, African Affairs, 109(435), pp. 273–292. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adp090.

Ingelaere, B. (2010b) ‘Peasants, power and ethnicity: A bottom-up perspective on Rwanda’s political transition’, African Affairs, 109(435), pp. 273–292. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adp090.

Ingiriis, M.H. and Hoehne, M.V. (2013) ‘The impact of civil war and state collapse on the roles of Somali women: a blessing in disguise’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 7(2), pp. 314–333. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2013.776281.

‘Introduction: Postliberation Eritrea’ (no date) Africa Today, 60(2), pp. v–xix. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v060/60.2.woldemikael.html.

Investments In Maputo Corridor, Mozambique, Exceed US$5 Billion, | Macauhub English (no date). Available at: http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/?s=Investments+in+Maputo+Corridor%2C+Mozambique%2C+exceed+US$5+billion%2C.

Is President Buhari correct that Boko Haram are not holding any territory in Nigeria? (no date). Available at: http://www.polity.org.za/article/is-president-buhari-correct-that-boko-haram-are-not-holding-any-territory-in-nigeria-2016-02-01.

Iyekekpolo, W.O. (2016) ‘Boko Haram: understanding the context’, Third World Quarterly, 37(12), pp. 2211–2228. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2016.1177453.

de Jager, N. (2014) ‘Liberation Movements in Power: Party & State in Southern Africa’, Politikon, 41(1), pp. 162–163. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2014.885685.

Jarstad, A.K. and Höglund, K. (2015) ‘Local violence and politics in KwaZulu-Natal: perceptions of agency in a post-conflict society’, Third World Quarterly, 36(5), pp. 967–984. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1030385.

Jeffrey Gettleman (2009) ‘The Most Dangerous Place in The World’, Foreign Policy, (171), pp. 60–69. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20684851?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Jeng, A. (2012a) Peacebuilding in the African Union: law, philosophy and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Jeng, A. (2012b) Peacebuilding in the African Union: law, philosophy and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Jennifer L. Parenti (2009) ‘China-Africa relations in the 21st century’, Joint Force Quarterly, 2009(2009). Available at: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A193510880&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=dd6a7d54b53acb82753f14b3bfe5cf82.

Jerven, M. (2015) Africa: why economists get it wrong. London: Zed Books. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662803900002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Jones, S. et al. (2015) ‘Aid, Growth and Employment in Africa’, African Development Review, 27(S1), pp. 1–4. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12134.

Jones, S. and Tarp, F. (2015) ‘Priorities for Boosting Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence for Mozambique’, African Development Review, 27(S1), pp. 56–70. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12139.

Jordaan, E. (2003) ‘The concept of a middle power in international relations: distinguishing between emerging and traditional middle powers’, Politikon, 30(1), pp. 165–181. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/0258934032000147282.

Joseph Hanlon and Teresa Smart (2010a) Do Bicycles Equal Development in Mozambique? James Currey; Reissue edition. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=262118.

Joseph Hanlon and Teresa Smart (2010b) Do Bicycles Equal Development in Mozambique? James Currey; Reissue edition. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=262118.

Joseph, R. (2014) ‘Growth, Security, and Democracy in Africa’, Journal of Democracy, 25(4), pp. 61–75. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2014.0060.

Joseph, R.A. and Gillies, A. (2008) Smart aid for African development. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner.

Jourdan, P. (1998) ‘Spatial development initiatives (SDIs) ‐ the official view’, Development Southern Africa, 15(5), pp. 717–725. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03768359808440046.

Julie Flint (2008) Darfur. London: Zed Books. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=368679.

Kagwanja, P. (2006) ‘Counter-terrorism in the Horn of Africa: New security frontiers, old Strategies’, African Security Review, 15(3), pp. 72–86. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2006.9627608.

Kahn, M. (2011) ‘The fall of the Wall, the rise of the BRICs and the new Scramble for Africa’, Foresight, 13(3), pp. 38–49. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/14636681111138758.

Kaldor, M. (2012a) New and old wars. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Kaldor, M. (2012b) New and old wars. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Kapoor, I. (2008) The postcolonial politics of development. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662769680002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Karlsrud, J. (2015) ‘The UN at war: examining the consequences of peace-enforcement mandates for the UN peacekeeping operations in the CAR, the DRC and Mali’, Third World Quarterly, 36(1), pp. 40–54. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.976016.

Kayuni, H. and Tambulasi, R. (2012) ‘Big Brother or Big Opportunist? South Africa’s Enthusiasm for a Multifaceted Relationship with the Rest of Africa’, Africa Review, 4(1), pp. 17–32. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2013.764118.

Keenan, J.H. (2010) ‘Africa unsecured? The role of the Global War on Terror (GWOT) in securing US imperial interests in Africa’, Critical Studies on Terrorism, 3(1), pp. 27–47. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17539151003594186.

Keller, E.J. (2012) ‘Meeting the Challenges of Strategic and Human Security Interests in US–Africa Relations, or the Orphaning of “Soft Power”?’, Africa Review, 4(1), pp. 1–16. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2013.764117.

Kennedy, S. (2010a) ‘The Myth of the Beijing Consensus’, Journal of Contemporary China, 19(65), pp. 461–477. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10670561003666087.

Kennedy, S. (2010b) ‘The Myth of the Beijing Consensus’, Journal of Contemporary China, 19(65), pp. 461–477. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10670561003666087.

‘Kenya, the United States, and Counterterrorism’ (no date) Africa Today, 57(4), pp. 2–27. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v057/57.4.prestholdt.html.

Khadiagala, G.M. (2014) ‘Road Maps in Resolving African Conflicts: Pathways to Peace or Cul de Sacs?’, African Security, 7(3), pp. 163–180. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2014.939891.

Kinzer, S. (2008a) A Thousand Hills: Rwandas Re-Birth and the Man who Dreamed it. Wiley. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10313721.

Kinzer, S. (2008b) A Thousand Hills: Rwandas Re-Birth and the Man who Dreamed it. Wiley. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10313721.

Klein, N. (2007) The shock doctrine: the rise of disaster capitalism. 1st ed, Democracy Born in Chains. 1st ed. New York: Metropolitan Books.

Kleynhans, E.P., Naude´, W.A. and van der Merwe, S.J. (2003) ‘Spatial economic development in South Africa: an overview and evaluation of the platinum spatial development initiative’, Development Southern Africa, 20(5), pp. 617–631. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835032000149261.

Kopiński, D., Polus, A. and Taylor, I. (2011) ‘Contextualising Chinese engagement in Africa’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 29(2), pp. 129–136. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2011.555189.

Krueger, R. and Krueger, K.T. (2007) From bloodshed to hope in Burundi : our embassy years during genocide. [Place of publication not identified]: University of Texas Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3571703.

Kurtulus, E.N. (2012a) ‘Exploring the Paradoxical Consequences of State Collapse: the cases of Somalia 1991–2006 and Lebanon 1975–82’, Third World Quarterly, 33(7), pp. 1285–1303. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2012.691831.

Kurtulus, E.N. (2012b) ‘Exploring the Paradoxical Consequences of State Collapse: the cases of Somalia 1991–2006 and Lebanon 1975–82’, Third World Quarterly, 33(7), pp. 1285–1303. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2012.691831.

Laher, Y. (2014) ‘Pageant Politics: Framing Gendered Images of Women in Leadership’, Politikon, 41(1), pp. 103–120. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2014.885680.

Lalbahadur, A. (2016) ‘Economic statecraft in South Africa’s regional diplomacy’, South African Journal of International Affairs, 23(2), pp. 135–149. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2016.1199970.

Lancaster, C. (1993) ‘Democratisation in Sub‐Saharan Africa’, Survival, 35(3), pp. 38–50. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00396339308442698.

Large, D. (2007) ‘Beyond “Dragon in the Bush”: The Study of China Africa Relations’, African Affairs, 107(426), pp. 45–61. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adm069.

‘Late but not empty-handed; Barack Obama in Africa’ (2013) The Economist, 407(8). Available at: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A334461699&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=01b2ee64c16967a27e4ec9f2d5fde467.

Laville, S. (2016) UN troops ‘abused at least eight women and girls’ in Central African Republic | World news | The Guardian. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/04/un-troops-abused-least-eight-females-central-african-republic.

Lee, D., Taylor, I. and Williams, P.D. (2006) The new multilateralism in South African diplomacy. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663029260002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Lemarchand, R. (2006) ‘Consociationalism and Power Sharing in Africa: Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo’, African Affairs, 106(422), pp. 1–20. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adl041.

Lemke, D. (no date) ‘Intra-National IR in Africa’, Review of International Studies, Volume 37/1 (January). Available at: http://journals.cambridge.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=7939181&jid=RIS&volumeId=37&issueId=01&aid=7939179&bodyId=&membershipNumber=&societyETOCSession=.

Lewis, I.M. (2008) Understanding Somalia and Somaliland: culture, history, society. London: Hurst.

Lewis, P. and Kew, D. (2015) ‘Nigeria’s Hopeful Election’, Journal of Democracy, 26(3), pp. 94–109. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2015.0039.

Lie, J.H.S. (2015) ‘Developmentality: indirect governance in the World Bank–Uganda partnership’, Third World Quarterly, 36(4), pp. 723–740. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1024435.

Limb, P. (2015) ‘The Empire Writes Back: African Challenges to the Brutish (South African) Empire in the Early 20th Century’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 41(3), pp. 599–616. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2015.1028001.

Lopez-Lucia, E. (2015) ‘Regional powers and regional security governance: An interpretive perspective on the policies of Nigeria and Brazil’, International Relations, 29(3), pp. 348–362. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117815600936.

‘Love and Sex in Islamic Africa: Introduction’ (no date) Africa Today, 61(4), pp. 1–10. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v061/61.4.decker01.html.

Maathai, W. (2010) The challenge for Africa. London: Arrow.

Macdonald, G. (2015) ‘Racial Politics and Campaign Strategy in South Africa’s 2009 Election’, Politikon, 42(2), pp. 155–176. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2015.1005792.

MacLeod, Lucy S.      Thomson, Olivia C. (2009) New Terrorism Issues : Cur000000. Nova. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10681050.

Major, L. and Fontein, J. (2015) ‘Corporealities of violence in southern and eastern Africa’, Critical African Studies, 7(2), pp. 89–98. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/21681392.2015.1055549.

Makinda, S.M. and Okumu, F.W. (2007a) The African Union: challenges of globalization, security, and governance. New York, NY: Routledge. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10205500.

Makinda, S.M. and Okumu, F.W. (2007b) The African Union: challenges of globalization, security, and governance. New York, NY: Routledge. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10205500.

Malalo, H. (2016) Kenya says it has killed al-Shabaab commander | African News | BDlive. Available at: http://www.bdlive.co.za/africa/africannews/2016/02/19/kenya-says-it-has-killed-al-shabaab-commander.

Mangala, J., Mangala, J., and SpringerLink (Online service) (2010) New Security Threats and Crises in Africa: Regional and International Perspectives [electronic resource]. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664608240002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Manji, A. (2015) ‘Bulldozers, homes and highways: Nairobi and the right to the city’, Review of African Political Economy, 42(144), pp. 206–224. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2014.988698.

‘Map 1: Spatial development initiatives in South Africa’ (1998) Development Southern Africa, 15(5), pp. 5–5. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03768359808440044.

Maputo Development Corridor is a success story (no date). Available at: http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2015/06/05/maputo-development-corridor-is-a-success-story/.

Maputo Development Corridor Is A Success Story | Macauhub English (no date). Available at: http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/?s=Maputo+Development+corridor+is+a+success+story.

Maputo Development Corridor Refinances Debt | Macauhub English (no date). Available at: http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/?s=maputo+development+corridor+refinances+debt.

Margaret McMillan, Karen Horn Welch, Dani Rodrik, Ibrahim Elbadawi and Stephen O’Connell (2003) ‘When Economic Reform Goes Wrong: Cashew in Mozambique [with Comments and Discussion]’, Brookings Trade Forum, pp. 97–165. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25063181?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Martin, P.M. and O’Meara, P. (1995) Africa. 3rd ed. Indiana University Press.

Marton, P. and Matura, T. (2011) ‘The “voracious dragon”, the “scramble” and the “honey pot”: Conceptions of conflict over Africa’s natural resources’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 29(2), pp. 155–167. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2011.555191.

Mathis, S.M. (2011) ‘Disobedient Daughters? Changing Women’s Roles in Rural Households in KwaZulu-Natal’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 37(4), pp. 831–848. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2011.617930.

Matthew LeRiche (27AD) South Sudan: From Revolution to Independence. C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1912514.

McAuslan, P. (2010) ‘Personal reflections on drafting laws to improve women’s access to land: is there a magic wand?’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 4(1), pp. 114–130. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531050903556683.

McCaskie, T.C. (2008) ‘The United States, Ghana and Oil: Global and Local Perspectives’, African Affairs, 107(428), pp. 313–332. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adn019.

MCLI - Library (no date). Available at: http://www.mcli.co.za/mcli-web/downloads/downloads.htm.

Medani, K.M. (2011) ‘Strife and Secession in Sudan’, Journal of Democracy, 22(3), pp. 135–149. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2011.0053.

Medani, K.M. (2012) ‘The Horn of Africa in the shadow of the cold war: understanding the partition of Sudan from a regional perspective’, The Journal of North African Studies, 17(2), pp. 275–294. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2011.613188.

Médard, H. (2009a) ‘Building and transgressing borders in the Great Lakes region of East Africa’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 3(2), pp. 275–283. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531050902972709.

Médard, H. (2009b) ‘Building and transgressing borders in the Great Lakes region of East Africa’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 3(2), pp. 275–283. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531050902972709.

Médard, H. (2009c) ‘Building and transgressing borders in the Great Lakes region of East Africa’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 3(2), pp. 275–283. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531050902972709.

Meger, S. (2011) ‘The failure of democracy in the Republic of Congo’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 29(2), pp. 235–237. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2011.562006.

Mehler, A. (2009) ‘Peace and Power Sharing in Africa: A Not So Obvious Relationship’, African Affairs, 108(432), pp. 453–473. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adp038.

Mehler, A. (2011) ‘Rebels and parties: the impact of armed insurgency on representation in the Central African Republic’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 49(01), pp. 115–139. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X10000674.

Melber, H. (2015) ‘Post-liberation Democratic Authoritarianism: The Case of Namibia’, Politikon, 42(1), pp. 45–66. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2015.1005790.

Mendes, C. (2011) ‘Virtuous War: Mapping the Military-Industrial Media-Entertainment Network’, Politikon, 38(3), pp. 469–470. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2011.548853.

MEREDITH, T.C. (2011) ‘The Challenge for Africa: A New Vision by Wangari Maathai’, Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien, 55(3), pp. 391–392. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.2011.00369.x.

Meyer, G. and Nicholls, J. (2005) War and faith in Sudan. Grand Rapids, Mich: William B. Eerdmans Publishing.

Mhlanga, B. (2013) ‘Ethnicity or tribalism? The discursive construction of Zimbabwean national identity’, African Identities, 11(1), pp. 47–60. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2013.775840.

Michael Wallace Nest (2011) Coltan. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=572464.

Miller, D. (no date) ‘Spatial Development Initiatives and Regional Integration in Post-Apartheid Southern Africa’. Available at: http://www.rosalux.co.za/wp-content/files_mf/sdisinsouthernafrica2_2011sd.pdf.

Mitchell, J. (1998) ‘The Maputo Development Corridor: A case study of the SDI process in Mpumalanga’, Development Southern Africa, 15(5), pp. 757–769. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03768359808440048.

Mkhwanazi, N. (2014) ‘Twenty years of democracy and the politics of reproduction in South Africa’, African Identities, 12(3–4), pp. 326–341. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2015.1009618.

Mlambo, Norman (2008a) Violent Conflicts, Fragile Peace : Perspectives on Africa’s Security Problems. Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10594073.

Mlambo, Norman (2008b) Violent Conflicts, Fragile Peace : Perspectives on Africa’s Security Problems. Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10594073.

Mlambo, Norman (2008c) Violent Conflicts, Fragile Peace : Perspectives on Africa’s Security Problems. Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10594073.

Moffett, H. (2006) ‘“These Women, They Force Us to Rape Them”: Rape as Narrative of Social Control in Post-Apartheid South Africa’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 32(1), pp. 129–144. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070500493845.

Mohan, G. and Lampert, B. (2013) ‘Negotiating China: Reinserting African agency into China-Africa relations’, African Affairs, 112(446), pp. 92–110. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/ads065.

Mohan, G., Zack-Williams, T., and Review of African political economy (2002a) The politics of transition in Africa: state, democracy & economic development in Africa. Oxford: James Currey.

Mohan, G., Zack-Williams, T., and Review of African political economy (2002b) The politics of transition in Africa: state, democracy & economic development in Africa. Oxford: James Currey.

Mohan, G., Zack-Williams, T., and Review of African political economy (2002c) The politics of transition in Africa: state, democracy & economic development in Africa. Oxford: James Currey.

Mohan, G., Zack-Williams, T., and Review of African political economy (2002d) The politics of transition in Africa: state, democracy & economic development in Africa. Oxford: James Currey.

Moore, C. (2014) ‘Thabo Mbeki and South Africa’s African identity: a review of 20 years of South Africa’s Africa policy’, African Identities, 12(3–4), pp. 371–389. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2015.1009620.

Morrell, R. (1998) ‘Of boys and men: masculinity and gender in Southern African studies’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 24(4), pp. 605–630. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057079808708593.

Mosoetsa, S. (2011) Eating from one pot: the dynamics of survival in poor South African households. Johannesburg: Wits University Press. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662769820002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Moyo, D. (2008) Dead aid: why aid is not working and how there is another way for Africa. London: Allen Lane.

‘Mozambique’s Slide into One-Party Rule’ (2010a) Journal of Democracy, 21(2), pp. 151–165. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.0.0165.

‘Mozambique’s Slide into One-Party Rule’ (2010b) Journal of Democracy, 21(2), pp. 151–165. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.0.0165.

Muchie, M., Lukhele-Olorunju, P. and Akpar, O. (2013) The African Union ten years after: solving African problems with Pan-Africanism and the African renaissance. Pretoria, South Africa: Africa Institute of South Africa. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10803470.

Mwakikagile, G. (2012a) Identity politics and ethnic conflicts in Rwanda and Burundi: a comparative study. 1st ed. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: New Africa Press.

Mwakikagile, G. (2012b) Identity politics and ethnic conflicts in Rwanda and Burundi: a comparative study. 1st ed. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: New Africa Press.

NAIR, S. (2013) ‘Governance, Representation and International Aid’, Third World Quarterly, 34(4), pp. 630–652. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2013.786287.

Nannyonga-Tamusuza, S. (2009) ‘Female-men, male-women, and others: constructing and negotiating gender among the Baganda of Uganda’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 3(2), pp. 367–380. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531050902973004.

Narayanaswamy, L. (2016) ‘Whose feminism counts? Gender(ed) knowledge and professionalisation in development’, Third World Quarterly, 37(12), pp. 2156–2175. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2016.1173511.

Nathan, L. (2006) ‘SADC’s Uncommon Approach to Common Security, 1992–2003*’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 32(3), pp. 605–622. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070600830755.

Nathan Mugisha (no date) The Way Forward in Somalia. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/doi/pdf/10.1080/03071847.2011.591084.

Naughton, B. (2010) ‘China’s Distinctive System: can it be a model for others?’, Journal of Contemporary China, 19(65), pp. 437–460. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10670561003666079.

Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S.J. (2012) ‘Fiftieth Anniversary of Decolonisation in Africa: a moment of celebration or critical reflection?’, Third World Quarterly, 33(1), pp. 71–89. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2012.627236.

‘Neglected; Barack Obama and Africa’ (2015) The Economist, 416(8). Available at: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A422826882&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=EAIM&sw=w&asid=50774b0d0945fdcf244f3aa2187fbab2.

Neumann, P.R. (2009) Old and new terrorism: late modernity, globalization and the transformation of political violence. Cambridge: Polity.

Nganje, F. (2016a) ‘Brazilian Cities in Mozambique: South–South Development Co-operation or the Projection of Soft Power?’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 42(4), pp. 659–674. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2016.1189656.

Nganje, F. (2016b) ‘Sub-state diplomacy and the foreign policy-development nexus in South Africa’, South African Journal of International Affairs, 23(1), pp. 1–20. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2016.1154889.

Nhema, A. and Zeleza, P.T. (2008a) Resolution of African Conflicts: The Management of Conflict Resolution and Post-Conflict Reconstruction [electronic resource]. Athens: Ohio University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3026966.

Nhema, A. and Zeleza, P.T. (2008b) Resolution of African Conflicts: The Management of Conflict Resolution and Post-Conflict Reconstruction [electronic resource]. Athens: Ohio University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3026966.

Nhema, A. and Zeleza, P.T. (2008c) Resolution of African Conflicts: The Management of Conflict Resolution and Post-Conflict Reconstruction [electronic resource]. Athens: Ohio University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3026966.

Nhema, A. and Zeleza, P.T. (2008d) Roots of African Conflicts: The Causes and Costs [electronic resource]. Athens: Ohio University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3026965.

Nhema, A. and Zeleza, P.T. (2008e) Roots of African Conflicts: The Causes and Costs [electronic resource]. Athens: Ohio University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3026965.

Nhema, A. and Zeleza, P.T. (2008f) Roots of African Conflicts: The Causes and Costs [electronic resource]. Athens: Ohio University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3026965.

Nhema, A. and Zeleza, P.T. (2008g) Roots of African Conflicts: The Causes and Costs [electronic resource]. Athens: Ohio University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3026965.

Niehaus, I. (2010) ‘Maternal Incest as Moral Panic: Envisioning Futures without Fathers in the South African Lowveld’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 36(4), pp. 833–849. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2010.527640.

van Nieuwkerk, A. (2012) ‘South Africa and Peacekeeping in Africa’, African Security, 5(1), pp. 44–62. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2012.653307.

Oarhe, O. and Aghedo, I. (2010) ‘The Open Sore of a Nation: Corruption Complex and Internal Security in Nigeria’, African Security, 3(3), pp. 127–147. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2010.503854.

Obadare, E. (2015) ‘Sex, citizenship and the state in Nigeria: Islam, Christianity and emergent struggles over intimacy’, Review of African Political Economy, 42(143), pp. 62–76. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2014.988699.

OBAMA, BARACK1 (2015) ‘AFRICA’S RISE.’, Vital Speeches of the Day, 81(9), pp. 265–270. Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=109200202&site=ehost-live.

‘Obama Made in Kenya: Appropriating the American Dream in Kogelo’ (no date) Africa Today, 59(4), pp. 68–90. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v059/59.4.van-bemmel.html.

Obiyo, R. (2006) ‘One Report of the Joint Investigating Team on the Strategic Defence Procurement Packages, Too Many!’, Politikon, 33(3), pp. 361–385. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340601127660.

Obulutsa, G. (2016) Kenya to tackle radicalisation with new prison for ‘extremists’ | African News | BDlive. Available at: http://www.bdlive.co.za/africa/africannews/2016/02/17/kenya-to-tackle-radicalisation-with-new-prison-for-extremists.

Ogunnubi, O. (2015) ‘Recalibrating Africa’s Geo-Political Calculus: A Critique of South Africa’s Hegemonic Status’, Politikon, pp. 1–20. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2015.1099373.

Ojo, E.O. (2014) ‘The Military and the Challenge of Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria: Positive Scepticism and Negative Optimism’, Insight on Africa, 6(1), pp. 57–79. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0975087814532585.

Okbazghi Yohannes (2002) ‘The United States and Sub-Saharan Africa After the Cold War: Empty Promises and Retreat’, The Black Scholar, 32(1), pp. 23–44. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41068963?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Olender, M. (2014a) ‘Integrating Africa: Decolonization’s Legacies, Sovereignty and the African Union’, Politikon, 41(1), pp. 163–165. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2014.885687.

Olender, M. (2014b) ‘Integrating Africa: Decolonization’s Legacies, Sovereignty and the African Union’, Politikon, 41(1), pp. 163–165. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2014.885687.

Olender, M. (2014c) ‘Integrating Africa: Decolonization’s Legacies, Sovereignty and the African Union’, Politikon, 41(1), pp. 163–165. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2014.885687.

Olivier, N. (2014) ‘Between Contradiction and Co-operation: An Analysis of China’s Evolving Engagement with Africa’, Insight on Africa, 6(1), pp. 15–42. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0975087814532584.

Olsen, G.R. (2014a) ‘Fighting terrorism in Africa by proxy: the USA and the European Union in Somalia and Mali’, European Security, 23(3), pp. 290–306. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2014.884074.

Olsen, G.R. (2014b) ‘Fighting terrorism in Africa by proxy: the USA and the European Union in Somalia and Mali’, European Security, 23(3), pp. 290–306. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2014.884074.

Olusola Ogunnubi,Christopher Isike (2015a) ‘Regional hegemonic contention and the asymmetry of soft power: a comparative analysis of South Africa and Nigeria’, Strategic Review for Southern Africa, 37(1). Available at: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A429632254&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=27fd4aad99523bc6f12585f5aaeefcd7.

Olusola Ogunnubi,Christopher Isike (2015b) ‘Regional hegemonic contention and the asymmetry of soft power: a comparative analysis of South Africa and Nigeria’, Strategic Review for Southern Africa, 37(1). Available at: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A429632254&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=27fd4aad99523bc6f12585f5aaeefcd7.

Olusola Ogunnubi,Christopher Isike (2015c) ‘Regional hegemonic contention and the asymmetry of soft power: a comparative analysis of South Africa and Nigeria’, Strategic Review for Southern Africa, 37(1). Available at: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A429632254&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=27fd4aad99523bc6f12585f5aaeefcd7.

Omeje, K. (2010) ‘Markets or Oligopolies of Violence? The Case of Sudan’, African Security, 3(3), pp. 168–189. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2010.503856.

Omeje, K.C. and Redeker Hepner, T.M. (2013a) Conflict and peacebuilding in the African Great Lakes Region. Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University Press. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10718814.

Omeje, K.C. and Redeker Hepner, T.M. (2013b) Conflict and peacebuilding in the African Great Lakes Region. Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University Press. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10718814.

Onuoha, F.C. (2010) ‘The Islamist challenge: Nigeria’s Boko Haram crisis explained’, African Security Review, 19(2), pp. 54–67. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2010.503061.

Opalo, K.O. (2012) ‘African Elections: Two Divergent Trends’, Journal of Democracy, 23(3), pp. 80–93. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2012.0039.

de Orellana, P. (2015) ‘Struggles over identity in diplomacy: “Commie terrorists” contra “imperialists” in Western Sahara’, International Relations, 29(4), pp. 477–499. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117815571620.

OTENYO, E.E. (2004) ‘NEW TERRORISM’, African Security Review, 13(3), pp. 75–84. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2004.9627306.

Oyewole, S. (2013) ‘Boko Haram and the challenges of Nigeria’s war on terror’, Defense & Security Analysis, 29(3), pp. 253–262. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14751798.2013.820968.

Ozkan, M. (2013) ‘When a Giant became a “Reluctant Peacekeeper”: South Africa and Peacekeeping Operations between 1994-2003’, Insight on Africa, 5(2), pp. 129–138. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0975087813515980.

Ozor, F.U. (2009) ‘Electoral Process, Democracy and Governance in Africa: Search for an Alternative Democratic Model’, Politikon, 36(2), pp. 315–336. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340903240302.

Page, J. and Shimeles, A. (2015) ‘Aid, Employment and Poverty Reduction in Africa’, African Development Review, 27(S1), pp. 17–30. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12136.

Parisot, J. (2013) ‘American Power, East Asian Regionalism and Emerging Powers:                              or                              empire?’, Third World Quarterly, 34(7), pp. 1159–1174. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2013.824655.

Parmar, I., Miller, L.B. and Ledwidge, M. (eds) (2014) Obama and the world: new directions in US foreign policy. Second edition. London: Routledge. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=597465.

‘Partnership, Policy Making, and Conditionality in the Gender Field: The Case of Tanzania’ (no date) Africa Today, 60(4), pp. 67–84. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v060/60.4.lange.html.

Paterson, M., University of Cape Town. Centre for Conflict Resolution, and International Colloquium Report (2012) The African Union at ten: problems, progress, and prospects - International Colloquium Report, Berlin, Germany, 30-31 August 2012. Cape Town: Centre for Conflict Resolution.

PATRICK BOND (no date) LOOTING AFRICA: THE ECONOMICS OF EXPLOITATION. LONDON: ZED BOOKS. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=121564.

Paul Collier (4ADa) Wars, Guns and Votes: Democracy in Dangerous Places. Vintage.

Paul Collier (4ADb) Wars, Guns and Votes: Democracy in Dangerous Places. Vintage.

Paul-Henri Bischoff, Kwesi Aning, and Amitav Acharya (eds) (2015) Africa in Global International Relations: Emerging approaches to theory and practice (Routledge Studies in African Politics and International Relations). Routledge. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=838711.

PEBERDY, S. and CRUSH, J. (2001) ‘INVISIBLE TRADE, INVISIBLE TRAVELLERS: THE MAPUTO CORRIDOR SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE AND INFORMAL CROSS-BORDER TRADING’, South African Geographical Journal, 83(2), pp. 115–123. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2001.9713727.

Peltier, J.-P.N. (2010a) ‘Rethinking Africa’s Military’, American Foreign Policy Interests, 32(4), pp. 219–228. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10803920.2010.501208.

Peltier, J.-P.N. (2010b) ‘Rethinking Africa’s Military’, American Foreign Policy Interests, 32(4), pp. 219–228. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10803920.2010.501208.

Penvenne, J. (2003) ‘Africa since 1940: The Past of the Present (review)’, Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History, 4(3). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/cch.2004.0015.

Pereira, A.D. (2014a) ‘Brazil-Africa Relations: The Strategic Importance of the South Atlantic’, Insight on Africa, 6(1), pp. 1–13. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0975087814532586.

Pereira, A.D. (2014b) ‘Brazil-Africa Relations: The Strategic Importance of the South Atlantic’, Insight on Africa, 6(1), pp. 1–13. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0975087814532586.

Perkmann, M. and Sum, N.-L. (2002) ‘Chapter 11: The Construction of Cross Border Regions in Southern Africa: The Maputo Development Corridor’, in Globalization, regionalization, and cross-border regions. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Pham, J.P. (2014) ‘The Development of the United States Africa Command and its Role in America’s Africa Policy under George W. Bush and Barack Obama’, The Journal of the Middle East and Africa, 5(3), pp. 245–275. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2014.980192.

Pheko, M. (2012) Effects of colonialism on Africa’s past and present. Available at: http://www.pambazuka.org/global-south/effects-colonialism-africas-past-and-present.

Pillay, S. (2008a) ‘Crime, Community and the Governance of Violence in Post-Apartheid South Africa’, Politikon, 35(2), pp. 141–158. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340802366943.

Pillay, S. (2008b) ‘Crime, Community and the Governance of Violence in Post-Apartheid South Africa’, Politikon, 35(2), pp. 141–158. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340802366943.

Piombo, J. (2010a) ‘Peacemaking in Burundi: Conflict Resolution versus Conflict Management Strategies’, African Security, 3(4), pp. 239–272. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2010.533579.

Piombo, J. (2010b) ‘Peacemaking in Burundi: Conflict Resolution versus Conflict Management Strategies’, African Security, 3(4), pp. 239–272. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2010.533579.

Poku, N. (2001) Security and development in Southern Africa. Westport, Conn: Praeger.

Porter, Elisabeth J. (2005a) Researching Conflict in Africa : Insights and Experiences. United Nations University Press. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10120724.

Porter, Elisabeth J. (2005b) Researching Conflict in Africa : Insights and Experiences. United Nations University Press. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10120724.

Porter, Elisabeth J. (2005c) Researching Conflict in Africa : Insights and Experiences. United Nations University Press. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10120724.

Porter, F. (2016) ‘Gender and the political economy of conflict in Africa: the persistence of violence’, Review of African Political Economy, 43(149), pp. 530–532. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2016.1214402.

Powell, J., Lasley, T. and Schiel, R. (2016) ‘Combating Coups d’état in Africa, 1950–2014’, Studies in Comparative International Development [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-015-9210-6.

Presidents of Angola and China call to strengthen bilateral cooperation | Macauhub English (2015). Available at: http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2015/12/04/presidents-of-angola-and-china-call-to-strengthen-bilateral-cooperation/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+Macauhub+%28Macauhub%29.

Prevost, G. (2006) ‘The evolution of the African National Congress in power: From revolutionaries to social democrats?’, Politikon, 33(2), pp. 163–181. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340600884584.

Prys, M. (2009) ‘Regional Hegemon or Regional Bystander: South Africa’s Zimbabwe Policy 2000–2005’, Politikon, 36(2), pp. 193–218. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340903240138.

Pugh, S.A. (2014) ‘Advocacy in the Time of Xenophobia: Civil Society, the State, and the Politics of Migration in South Africa’, Politikon, 41(2), pp. 227–247. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2014.905255.

Qobo, M. (2010) ‘Refocusing South Africa’s economic diplomacy: the “African Agenda” and emerging powers’, South African Journal of International Affairs, 17(1), pp. 13–28. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461003763833.

Radden Keefe, P. (2013) Buried Secrets - The New Yorker. Available at: http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/07/08/buried-secrets.

Radelet, S. (2015) ‘The Rise of the World’s Poorest Countries’, Journal of Democracy, 26(4), pp. 5–19. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2015.0061.

Rao, R. (2015) ‘Re-membering Mwanga: same-sex intimacy, memory and belonging in postcolonial Uganda’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 9(1), pp. 1–19. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2014.970600.

Ratsimbaharison, A.M. (2011) ‘Greed and Civil War in Post–Cold War Africa: Revisiting the Greed Theory of Civil War’, African Security, 4(4), pp. 269–282. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2011.629552.

Ravi Bhavnani and David Backer (2000) ‘Localized Ethnic Conflict and Genocide: Accounting for Differences in Rwanda and Burundi’, The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 44(3), pp. 283–306. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/174628?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

REID, R. (2014) ‘Horror, hubris and humanity: the international engagement with Africa, 1914-2014’, International Affairs, 90(1), pp. 143–166. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12100.

Reyntjens, F. (2011) ‘Constructing the truth, dealing with dissent, domesticating the world: Governance in post-genocide Rwanda’, African Affairs, 110(438), pp. 1–34. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adq075.

Reyntjens, F. (2015) ‘Rwanda: Progress or Powder Keg?’, Journal of Democracy, 26(3), pp. 19–33. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2015.0043.

Richey, L.A. and Ponte, S. (2014a) ‘New actors and alliances in development’, Third World Quarterly, 35(1), pp. 1–21. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.868979.

Richey, L.A. and Ponte, S. (2014b) ‘New actors and alliances in development’, Third World Quarterly, 35(1), pp. 1–21. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.868979.

Robinson, W.I. (2015) ‘The transnational state and the BRICS: a global capitalism perspective’, Third World Quarterly, 36(1), pp. 1–21. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.976012.

Rockefeller, M.M. and Johnson-Freese, J. (2013) ‘Dancing for Democracy: Understanding Malawi’s First Female President’, Orbis, 57(2), pp. 268–281. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2013.02.004.

Rodney, W. (2012) How Europe underdeveloped Africa. Cape Town: Pambazuka Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5559192.

Roland  Marchal (2009) ‘A tentative assessment of the Somali Harakat Al-Shabaab’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 3(3), pp. 381–404. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17531050903273701.

Rolandsen, Ø.H. (2015) ‘Another civil war in South Sudan: the failure of Guerrilla Government?’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 9(1), pp. 163–174. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2014.993210.

Rolandsen, �ystein H. and Daly, M.W. (2016) A history of South Sudan: from slavery to independence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rotberg, R.I., World Peace Foundation, and Brookings Institution (2005) Battling terrorism in the Horn of Africa. Cambridge, Mass: World Peace Foundation. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10120607.

Rothchild, D.S. (1997a) Managing ethnic conflict in Africa: pressures and incentives for cooperation. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=46925.

Rothchild, D.S. (1997b) Managing ethnic conflict in Africa: pressures and incentives for cooperation. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=46925.

Russell, A. (2015) ‘OBEDIENCE AND SELECTIVE GENOCIDE IN BURUNDI’, Africa, 85(03), pp. 437–456. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0001972015000273.

Sachs, J. (2005) The end of poverty: how we can make it happen in our lifetime. London: Penguin.

Sachs, J. (2006) The end of poverty: economic possibilities for our time. New York: Penguin.

Salawu, A. (2015) ‘A political economy of sub-Saharan African language press: the case of Nigeria and South Africa’, Review of African Political Economy, 42(144), pp. 299–313. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2014.988695.

Samy, Y. (2010) ‘China’s Aid Policies in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges’, The Round Table, 99(406), pp. 75–90. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00358530903513756.

Seegers, A. and Taylor, S. (2008) ‘Transformation in the South African Military: A Study of the Gender-Representivity Component in the South African Navy’, Politikon, 35(3), pp. 357–378. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340903020670.

Senaji, T.A. et al. (2014) ‘LEAD - Leadership effectiveness, motivation, and culture in Africa: Lessons from Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda’, Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l’Administration, 31(4), pp. 228–244. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.1298.

Serrão, O. and Bischoff, P.-H. (2009) ‘Foreign Policy Ambiguity on the Part of an Emergent Middle Power: South African Foreign Policy through other Lenses’, Politikon, 36(3), pp. 363–380. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589341003600189.

Sharp, J., Campbell, P. and Laurie, E. (2010) ‘The Violence of Aid? Giving, power and active subjects in One World Conservatism’, Third World Quarterly, 31(7), pp. 1125–1143. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2010.518789.

Shaun Breslin (2009) China and the Global Political Economy (International Political Economy Series). Palgrave Schol, Print UK. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=136032.

Shaw, T.M., Cooper, A.F. and Chin, G.T. (2009) ‘Emerging Powers and Africa: Implications for/from Global Governance?’, Politikon, 36(1), pp. 27–44. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340903155385.

‘She Lives Dangerously: Intimate Ethics, Grammatical Personhood, and HIV/AIDS in Islamic Northern Nigeria’ (no date) Africa Today, 61(4), pp. 84–103. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v061/61.4.rhine.html.

Shinn, D. (2011) ‘Al Shabaab’s Foreign Threat to Somalia’, Orbis, 55(2), pp. 203–215. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2011.01.003.

‘Shooting Dogs [DVD] [2007]’ (no date).

Simon, D. (2006) Fifty key thinkers on development. London: Routledge. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662769550002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Slayton, C. (2015) ‘Underselling Islamist extremism in Sub-Saharan Africa’, Defense & Security Analysis, 31(2), pp. 123–136. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14751798.2015.1056933.

Smith, M. (2009) Securing Africa: post-9/11 discourses on terrorism. Farnham: Ashgate. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10362166.

Solomon, H. (2013) ‘The African state and the failure of US counter-terrorism initiatives in Africa: The cases of Nigeria and Mali’, South African Journal of International Affairs, 20(3), pp. 427–445. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2013.841804.

Solomon, H. (2015a) ‘Critical Terrorism Studies and Its Implications for Africa’, Politikon, 42(2), pp. 219–234. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2015.1041671.

Solomon, H. (2015b) ‘Critical Terrorism Studies and Its Implications for Africa’, Politikon, 42(2), pp. 219–234. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2015.1041671.

Somerville, K. (2015) Africa’s long road since independence: the many histories of a continent. London: Hurst & Company.

Southall, R. (2014) ‘The black middle class and democracy in South Africa’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 52(04), pp. 647–670. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X14000445.

Southern, N. (2012) ‘The Political Future of Afrikaans: The Viewpoints of an Ethnic Party’, Politikon, 39(3), pp. 353–369. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2012.746185.

Southern, N. (2015) ‘The Government of National Unity and the Demise of the National Party in Post-settlement South Africa’, Politikon, 42(2), pp. 235–254. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2015.1041672.

Steans, J. (2013) Gender and international relations: theory, practice, policy. 3rd. ed. Cambridge: Polity. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780745678696.

Steidle, B. and Wallace, G.S. (2007) The devil came on horseback: bearing witness to the genocide in Darfur. New York: PublicAffairs.

Stephen Chan (2013) The Morality of China in Africa: The Middle Kingdom and the Dark Continent. Zed Books Ltd. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10696013.

Stig Jarle Hansen (2013) Al-Shabaab in Somalia: The History and Ideology of a Militant Islamist Group, 2005-2012 (Somali Politics and History). C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10822941.

Stiglitz, J.E. (2002a) Globalization and its discontents. London: Allen Lane.

Stiglitz, J.E. (2002b) Globalization and its discontents. London: Allen Lane.

Stiglitz, J.E. (2006a) Stability with growth: macroeconomics, liberalization and development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Stiglitz, J.E. (2006b) Stability with growth: macroeconomics, liberalization and development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Stiglitz, J.E. (2013) The price of inequality. London: Penguin.

Strongman, L. (2014a) ‘Postcolonialism and international development studies: a dialectical exchange?’, Third World Quarterly, 35(8), pp. 1343–1354. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.946248.

Strongman, L. (2014b) ‘Postcolonialism and international development studies: a dialectical exchange?’, Third World Quarterly, 35(8), pp. 1343–1354. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.946248.

Sultana, F. (2014) ‘Doing development as a critical development scholar’, Third World Quarterly, 35(3), pp. 516–519. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.893494.

Sumner, A. (2013) ‘Poverty, Politics and Aid: is a reframing of global poverty approaching?’, Third World Quarterly, 34(3), pp. 357–377. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2013.784593.

Suttner, R. (2006) ‘Party Dominance “Theory”: Of What Value?’, Politikon, 33(3), pp. 277–297. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340601122901.

Suttner, R. (2014) ‘Nelson Mandela’s masculinities’, African Identities, 12(3–4), pp. 342–356. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2015.1009623.

Swiss, L. and Brown, S. (2015) ‘The aid orphan myth’, Third World Quarterly, 36(2), pp. 240–256. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1013319.

Talton, B. (no date) The Challenge of Decolonization in Africa. Available at: http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay-challenge-of-decolonization-africa.html.

Tate, R. (2011) ‘BISA Conferenced Paper: Can Development Corridors Now Produce Sustainable Outcomes in Mozambique?’ Available at: http://www.open.ac.uk/socialsciences/bisa-africa/files/bisa-2011-tate.pdf.

Taylor, I. (2007) ‘Sino-African Relations and the Problem of Human Rights’, African Affairs, 107(426), pp. 63–87. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adm056.

Taylor, I. (2008) China’s new role in Africa. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner.

Taylor, I. (2009) ‘“The South Will Rise Again”? New Alliances and Global Governance: The India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum’, Politikon, 36(1), pp. 45–58. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340903155393.

TAYLOR, I. (2012) ‘India’s rise in Africa’, International Affairs, 88(4), pp. 779–798. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2012.01101.x.

Taylor, I. (2014a) Africa rising?: BRICS - diversifying dependency. Woodbridge, Suffolk: James Currey. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://leicester.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1717497.

Taylor, I. (2014b) ‘Emerging powers, state capitalism and the oil sector in Africa’, Review of African Political Economy, 41(141), pp. 341–357. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2013.864630.

Taylor, I. (2016) ‘Dependency redux: why Africa is not rising’, Review of African Political Economy, 43(147), pp. 8–25. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2015.1084911.

Taylor, I. (2017) Global governance and transnationalizing capitalist hegemony: the myth of the ‘emerging powers’. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=972382.

TAYLOR, IAN1 (2014) ‘Is Africa Rising?’, Brown Journal of World Affairs, 21(1), pp. 143–161. Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bah&AN=100868753&site=ehost-live.

Tella, O. (2016) ‘A declining or stable image? An assessment of the United States’ soft power in Africa’, South African Journal of International Affairs, 23(2), pp. 151–166. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2016.1190297.

‘The Algerian Question in Nkrumah’s Ghana, 1958–1960: Debating “Violence” and “Nonviolence” in African Decolonization’ (no date) Africa Today, 57(2), pp. 67–84. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v057/57.2.ahlman.html.

The Chinese are coming | The Economist (2011). Available at: http://www.economist.com/node/15607496.

‘The Colonial Gesture of Development: The Interpersonal as a Promising Site for Rethinking Aid to Africa’ (no date) Africa Today, 59(3), pp. 2–28. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v059/59.3.watson.html.

‘The Democratic Republic of the Congo? Corruption, Patronage, and Competitive Authoritarianism in the DRC’ (no date) Africa Today, 56(4), pp. 42–61. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v056/56.4.matti.html.

‘The Lies We Have Been Told: On (Homo) Sexuality in Africa’ (no date) Africa Today, 58(1), pp. 54–77. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v058/58.1.msibi.html.

‘The Mirage of Democracy in the DRC’ (2010) Journal of Democracy, 21(3), pp. 143–157. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.0.0189.

‘The Political Economy of African Responses to the U.S. Africa Command’ (no date) Africa Today, 57(1), pp. 3–23. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v057/57.1.levan.html.

Thomson, A. (2009a) An introduction to African politics. 3rd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977.

Thomson, A. (2009b) An introduction to African politics. 3rd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977.

Thomson, A. (2009c) An introduction to African politics. 3rd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977.

Thomson, A. (2009d) An introduction to African politics. 3rd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977.

Thomson, A. (2009e) An introduction to African politics. 3rd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977.

Thomson, A. (2009f) An introduction to African politics. 3rd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977.

Thomson, A. (2009g) An introduction to African politics. 3rd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977.

Thomson, A. (2009h) An introduction to African politics. 3rd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977.

Thomson, A. (2009i) An introduction to African politics. 3rd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977.

Thomson, A. (2012) ‘A More Effective Constructive Engagement: US Policy Towards South Africa after the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986’, Politikon, 39(3), pp. 371–389. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2012.746186.

Thomson, A. and Jazdowska, N. (2012) ‘Bringing in the grassroots: transitional justice in Zimbabwe’, Conflict, Security & Development, 12(1), pp. 75–102. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2012.667662.

Tom Nevin (2008) ‘What will Obama do for Africa? Are Barack Obama’s blood ties with Africa cause for hope that he might be more sensitive to the continent’s needs than his predecessors? Tom Nevin investigates’, African Business, 2008(2008). Available at: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A188958560&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=3e61bcc863ac006bf50f0f4ce5c054ce.

Tonge, J. (2014a) Comparative peace processes. Cambridge: Polity.

Tonge, J. (2014b) Comparative peace processes. Cambridge: Polity.

Totten, S. and Grzyb, A. (eds) (2015a) Conflict in the Nuba Mountains: from genocide by attrition to the contemporary crisis. New York, New York: Routledge. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10988458.

Totten, S. and Grzyb, A. (eds) (2015b) Conflict in the Nuba Mountains: from genocide by attrition to the contemporary crisis. New York, New York: Routledge. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10988458.

Totten, S. and Grzyb, A. (eds) (2015c) Conflict in the Nuba Mountains: from genocide by attrition to the contemporary crisis. New York, New York: Routledge. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10988458.

Totten, S. and Parsons, W.S. (2013) Centuries of genocide: essays and eyewitness accounts. 4th ed. New York, N.Y.: Routledge.

Tripp, A.M. (2010) ‘Legislating Gender-based Violence in Post-conflict Africa’, Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, 5(3), pp. 7–20. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2010.981435347428.

Tripp, A.M. (2015) Women and power in postconflict Africa. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/women-and-power-in-postconflict-africa/E27094811790564894080B202C0C254F.

‘Twittering the Boko Haram Uprising in Nigeria: Investigating Pragmatic Acts in the Social Media’ (no date) Africa Today, 59(3), pp. 82–102. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v059/59.3.chiluwa.html.

Ubi, E.N. and Akinkuotu, O.O. (2014) ‘Nigerian foreign policy and economic development, 1999-2013’, International Area Studies Review, 17(4), pp. 414–433. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2233865914557099.

UN finds more cases of child abuse by European troops in CAR | World news | The Guardian (2016). Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/29/un-finds-more-cases-of-child-abuse-by-european-troops-in-car.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2006) Economic development in Africa: doubling aid. New York: UNCTAD.

Valeriano, B. (2011) ‘Power Politics and Interstate War in Africa’, African Security, 4(3), pp. 195–221. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2011.599270.

Van De Walle, N. (no date) ‘Obamas Unrealized Hopes for Africa’, Sept/Oct 2015. Available at: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/africa/obama-and-africa.

Van Nieuwkerk, A. (2009) ‘Exporting Cultures of Violence or Peace? Interpreting South Africa’s Post-apartheid Role in Africa’, Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, 4(3), pp. 70–84. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2009.306113691014.

Varhola, L.R. and Sheperd, T.E. (2013) ‘Africa and the United States—A Military Perspective’, American Foreign Policy Interests, 35(6), pp. 325–332. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10803920.2013.855546.

Vibert, E. (2016) ‘Gender, resilience and resistance: South Africa’s Hleketani Community Garden’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 34(2), pp. 252–267. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2016.1202508.

Vidino, L., Pantucci, R. and Kohlmann, E. (2010a) ‘Bringing Global Jihad to the Horn of Africa: al Shabaab, Western Fighters, and the Sacralization of the Somali Conflict’, African Security, 3(4), pp. 216–238. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2010.533071.

Vidino, L., Pantucci, R. and Kohlmann, E. (2010b) ‘Bringing Global Jihad to the Horn of Africa: al Shabaab, Western Fighters, and the Sacralization of the Somali Conflict’, African Security, 3(4), pp. 216–238. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2010.533071.

Vondracek, H. (2014) ‘A Single Raised Hand: Prospects for Peace in the Sudanese Rivalry’, African Security, 7(4), pp. 251–276. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2014.977171.

Walker, A. (2016) ‘Eat the heart of the infidel’: the harrowing of Nigeria and the rise of Boko Haram. London: Hurst & Company.

Walls, M. (2009) ‘The Emergence of a Somali State: Building Peace from Civil War in Somaliland’, African Affairs, 108(432), pp. 371–389. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adp019.

Wa-Mungai, M. (2007) ‘Tusker Project Fame: Ethnic States, Popular Flows’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 1(3), pp. 338–358. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531050701625771.

Warlord Democrats in Africa: Ex-Military Leaders and Electoral Politics (Africa Now) (15AD). Zed Books. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4833070.

Wassara, S.S. (2015) ‘South Sudan: state sovereignty challenged at infancy’, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 9(4), pp. 634–649. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2015.1105439.

Watt, N. (2015) Burundi: the biography of a small African country. Revised and updated edition. London: Hurst & Company.

Watts, M.J. and Ibaba, I.S. (2011) ‘Turbulent Oil: Conflict and Insecurity in the Niger Delta’, African Security, 4(1), pp. 1–19. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2011.563181.

Webersik, C. (2014) ‘Bargaining for the Spoils of War: Somalia’s Failing Path from War to Peace’, African Security, 7(4), pp. 277–302. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2014.977173.

Weeraratne, S. (2015) ‘Theorizing the Expansion of the Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria’, Terrorism and Political Violence, pp. 1–25. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2015.1005742.

Weiss, T.G. and International Peace Academy (1990) Humanitarian emergencies and military help in Africa. Basingstoke: Macmillan in association with International Peace Academy.

WEISS, T.G. and WELZ, M. (2014) ‘The UN and the African Union in Mali and beyond: a shotgun wedding?’, International Affairs, 90(4), pp. 889–905. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12146.

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WILLIAMS, P.D. (2014) ‘After Westgate: opportunities and challenges in the war against Al-Shabaab’, International Affairs, 90(4), pp. 907–923. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12147.

Williams, P.D. (2014) ‘Reflections on the Evolving African Peace and Security Architecture’, African Security, 7(3), pp. 147–162. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2014.939886.

Women and the War on Boko Haram: Wives, Weapons, Witnesses (African Arguments) (15AD). Zed Books. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5060848.

Women, Peace and Security. United Nations Peacekeeping (no date). Available at: http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/issues/women/wps.shtml.

Women’s Activism in Africa: Struggles for Rights and Representation (15AD). Zed Books; 1 edition. Available at: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4790831.

Woodward, P. (2002) The Horn of Africa: Politics and International Relations [electronic resource]. London: I.B.Tauris. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=677155.

World Bank Document (no date) Improving Gender Equality in Africa. Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr/brief/improving-gender-equality-in-africa.

Young, T. and International African Institute (2002a) Readings in African politics. Oxford: James Currey.

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Yusuf, H.O. (2013) ‘Harvest of violence: the neglect of basic rights and the                              insurgency in Nigeria’, Critical Studies on Terrorism, 6(3), pp. 371–391. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2013.835528.

Yvonne Captain (2010) ‘Brazil’s Africa Policy under Lula’, The Global South, 4(1), pp. 183–198. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/gso.2010.4.1.183?pq-origsite=summon#pdf_only_tab_contents.

Zalewski, M. and Runyan, A.S. (2015) ‘"Unthinking” sexual violence in a neoliberal era of spectacular terror’, Critical Studies on Terrorism, pp. 1–17. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2015.1094253.

Zhao, S. (2010) ‘The China Model: can it replace the Western model of modernization?’, Journal of Contemporary China, 19(65), pp. 419–436. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10670561003666061.

Zhengyu, W. and Taylor, I. (2011) ‘From refusal to engagement: Chinese contributions to peacekeeping in Africa’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 29(2), pp. 137–154. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2011.555190.