Bibliography for PL2023 Politics and Power in Africa

1.
Cheeseman N, Anderson D, Scheibler A. Routledge Handbook of African Politics. Routledge; 2013. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203

2.
Thomson A. An Introduction to African Politics. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2009. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977

3.
Young T, International African Institute. Readings in African Politics. James Currey; 2002.

4.
Grinker RR, Lubkemann SC, Steiner CB. Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Vol Global perspectives. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

5.
Paul-Henri Bischoff, Kwesi Aning, Amitav Acharya, eds. Africa in Global International Relations: Emerging Approaches to Theory and Practice (Routledge Studies in African Politics and International Relations). Routledge; 2015. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=838711

6.
Crowder M, Oliver R, Fage JD. The Cambridge History of Africa: Vol. 8: From C. 1940 to C. 1975. Cambridge University Press; 1984. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664740130002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

7.
Hamill J. Africa’s Lost Leader: South Africa’s Continental Role since Apartheid. Routledge; 2018.

8.
Kinzer S. A Thousand Hills: Rwandas Re-Birth and the Man Who Dreamed It. Wiley; 2008. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10313721

9.
Somerville K. Africa’s Long Road since Independence: The Many Histories of a Continent. Hurst & Company; 2015.

10.
Thomson A. An Introduction to African Politics. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2009. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977

11.
Grinker RR, Lubkemann SC, Steiner CB. Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Vol Global perspectives. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

12.
Grinker RR, Lubkemann SC, Steiner CB. Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Vol Global perspectives. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

13.
Birmingham D. Empire in Africa: Angola and Its Neighbors. Vol Research in International Studies, Africa Series. Ohio University Press; 2006. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1743675

14.
Castle G. Postcolonial Discourses: An Anthology. Blackwell; 2001.

15.
Penvenne J. Africa since 1940: The Past of the Present (review). Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History. 2003;4(3). doi:10.1353/cch.2004.0015

16.
Cooper F. Africa in the World: Capitalism, Empire, Nation-State. Harvard University Press; 2014. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10846209

17.
Frederick Cooper. Citizenship between Empire and Nation: Remaking France and French Africa, 1945-1960. Princeton University Press; 2014. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=617464

18.
Hargreaves JD. Decolonization in Africa. Vol The Postwar world. 2nd ed. Longman; 1996. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1757018

19.
Martin PM, O’Meara P. Africa. 3rd ed. Indiana University Press; 1995.

20.
Thomson A. An Introduction to African Politics. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2009. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977

21.
Limb P. The Empire Writes Back: African Challenges to the Brutish (South African) Empire in the Early 20th Century. Journal of Southern African Studies. 2015;41(3):599-616. doi:10.1080/03057070.2015.1028001

22.
Ndlovu-Gatsheni SJ. Fiftieth Anniversary of Decolonisation in Africa: a moment of celebration or critical reflection? Third World Quarterly. 2012;33(1):71-89. doi:10.1080/01436597.2012.627236

23.
Talton B. The Challenge of Decolonization in Africa. http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay-challenge-of-decolonization-africa.html

24.
Olender M. Integrating Africa: Decolonization’s Legacies, Sovereignty and the African Union. Politikon. 2014;41(1):163-165. doi:10.1080/02589346.2014.885687

25.
REID R. Horror, hubris and humanity: the international engagement with Africa, 1914-2014. International Affairs. 2014;90(1):143-166. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12100

26.
Omeje K. Markets or Oligopolies of Violence? The Case of Sudan. African Security. 2010;3(3):168-189. doi:10.1080/19392206.2010.503856

27.
Nhema A, Zeleza PT. Roots of African Conflicts: The Causes and Costs. Ohio University Press; 2008. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3026965

28.
The Algerian Question in Nkrumah’s Ghana, 1958–1960: Debating ‘Violence’ and ‘Nonviolence’ in African Decolonization. Africa Today. 57(2):67-84. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v057/57.2.ahlman.html

29.
Rodney W. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Pambazuka Press; 2012. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5559192

30.
Gilley B. Chinua Achebe on the positive legacies of colonialism. African Affairs. 2016;115(461):646-663. doi:10.1093/afraf/adw030

31.
Bayart J. Africa in the World: A History of Extraversion. African Affairs. 99, (2000).

32.
Pheko M. Effects of colonialism on Africa’s past and present. Published 31 May 2012. http://www.pambazuka.org/global-south/effects-colonialism-africas-past-and-present

33.
David Killingray. Fighting for Britain: African Soldiers in the Second World War (0). Boydell & Brewer; Reprint edition; 19AD.

34.
Chinua Achebe. Things Fall Apart. Penguin https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3008290

35.
Cheeseman N, Anderson D, Scheibler A. Routledge Handbook of African Politics. Routledge; 2013. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203

36.
Thomson A. An Introduction to African Politics. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2009. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977

37.
Grinker RR, Lubkemann SC, Steiner CB. Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Vol Global perspectives. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

38.
Castle G. Postcolonial Discourses: An Anthology. Blackwell; 2001.

39.
Young T, International African Institute. Readings in African Politics. James Currey; 2002.

40.
Mhlanga B. Ethnicity or tribalism? The discursive construction of Zimbabwean national identity. African Identities. 2013;11(1):47-60. doi:10.1080/14725843.2013.775840

41.
Kinzer S. A Thousand Hills: Rwandas Re-Birth and the Man Who Dreamed It. Wiley; 2008. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10313721

42.
Rothchild DS. Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa: Pressures and Incentives for Cooperation. Brookings Institution Press; 1997. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=46925

43.
Southern N. The Government of National Unity and the Demise of the National Party in Post-settlement South Africa. Politikon. 2015;42(2):235-254. doi:10.1080/02589346.2015.1041672

44.
Horowitz DL. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. 2nd ed. University of California Press; 2000.

45.
Medani KM. Strife and Secession in Sudan. Journal of Democracy. 2011;22(3):135-149. doi:10.1353/jod.2011.0053

46.
Cameron H. The French Connection: Complicity in the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda. African Security. 2015;8(2):96-119. doi:10.1080/19392206.2015.1036669

47.
Christian PJ. Darfur—Ground Zero for Africa’s Crises of Identity: A Psychohistoriography of Tribes in Conflict. African Security. 2013;6(1):1-37. doi:10.1080/19392206.2013.759457

48.
Totten S, Parsons WS. Centuries of Genocide: Essays and Eyewitness Accounts. 4th ed. Routledge; 2013.

49.
Gruffydd Jones B. From rupture to revolution: race, culture and the practice of anti-colonial thought. African Identities. 2015;13(1):4-17. doi:10.1080/14725843.2015.1048064

50.
Nhema A, Zeleza PT. Roots of African Conflicts: The Causes and Costs. Ohio University Press; 2008. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3026965

51.
Dallaire R, Beardsley B. Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda. Arrow; 2004.

52.
Barnett, Michael. Eyewitness to a Genocide : The United Nations and Rwanda. Cornell University Press; 2002. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10559184

53.
Chari T. Representation or misrepresentation? The ’s framing of the 1994 Rwanda genocide. African Identities. 2010;8(4):333-349. doi:10.1080/14725843.2010.513242

54.
Côte d’Ivoire: Ethnic Turmoil and Foreign Intervention. Africa Today. 61(2):40-55. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v061/61.2.el-khawas.html

55.
Dallaire R. The Lessons of Rwanda. Refugee Survey Quarterly. 2004;23(4):19-27. doi:10.1093/rsq/23.4.19

56.
Mwakikagile G. Identity Politics and Ethnic Conflicts in Rwanda and Burundi: A Comparative Study. 1st ed. New Africa Press; 2012.

57.
Gourevitch P. We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families: Stories from Rwanda. Picador; 1999.

58.
Clark P. Ethnicity, Leadership and Conflict Mediation in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: The Case of the. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2008;2(1):1-17. doi:10.1080/17531050701846682

59.
Introduction: Postliberation Eritrea. Africa Today. 60(2):v-xix. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v060/60.2.woldemikael.html

60.
Ethnicity and Electoral Politics in Ghana’s Fourth Republic. Africa Today. 56(2):45-73. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v056/56.2.arthur.html

61.
Amone C. Contructivism, instrumentalism and the rise of Acholi ethnic identity in northern Uganda. African Identities. 2015;13(2):129-143. doi:10.1080/14725843.2015.1023255

62.
Ingelaere B. Peasants, power and ethnicity: A bottom-up perspective on Rwanda’s political transition. African Affairs. 2010;109(435):273-292. doi:10.1093/afraf/adp090

63.
Hydň G. African Politics in Comparative Perspective. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2013. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10618570

64.
Lemarchand R. Consociationalism and Power Sharing in Africa: Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. African Affairs. 2006;106(422):1-20. doi:10.1093/afraf/adl041

65.
Médard H. Building and transgressing borders in the Great Lakes region of East Africa. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2009;3(2):275-283. doi:10.1080/17531050902972709

66.
Pugh SA. Advocacy in the Time of Xenophobia: Civil Society, the State, and the Politics of Migration in South Africa. Politikon. 2014;41(2):227-247. doi:10.1080/02589346.2014.905255

67.
Ravi Bhavnani and David Backer. Localized Ethnic Conflict and Genocide: Accounting for Differences in Rwanda and Burundi. The Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2000;44(3):283-306. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/174628?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

68.
Southern N. The Political Future of Afrikaans: The Viewpoints of an Ethnic Party. Politikon. 2012;39(3):353-369. doi:10.1080/02589346.2012.746185

69.
Krueger R, Krueger KT. From Bloodshed to Hope in Burundi : Our Embassy Years during Genocide. Vol Focus on American history series From bloodshed to hope in Burundi. University of Texas Press; 2007. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3571703

70.
Wa-Mungai M. Tusker Project Fame: Ethnic States, Popular Flows. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2007;1(3):338-358. doi:10.1080/17531050701625771

71.
Russell A. OBEDIENCE AND SELECTIVE GENOCIDE IN BURUNDI. Africa. 2015;85(03):437-456. doi:10.1017/S0001972015000273

72.
Tonge J. Comparative Peace Processes. Polity; 2014.

73.
Ahluwalia DPS. Politics and Post-Colonial Theory: African Inflections. Routledge; 2001. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662950890002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

74.
Bauer G, Taylor SD. Politics in Southern Africa: State and Society in Transition. Lynne Rienner Publishers; 2005.

75.
Steidle B, Wallace GS. The Devil Came on Horseback: Bearing Witness to the Genocide in Darfur. PublicAffairs; 2007.

76.
Julie Flint. Darfur. Zed Books; 2008. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=368679

77.
Tripp AM. Women and Power in Postconflict Africa. Cambridge University Press; 2015. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/women-and-power-in-postconflict-africa/E27094811790564894080B202C0C254F

78.
Bouilly E, Rillon O, Cross H. African women’s struggles in a gender perspective. Review of African Political Economy. 2016;43(149):338-349. doi:10.1080/03056244.2016.1216671

79.
Cheeseman N, Anderson D, Scheibler A. Routledge Handbook of African Politics. Routledge; 2013. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203

80.
Hydň G. African Politics in Comparative Perspective. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2013. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10618570

81.
Grinker RR, Lubkemann SC, Steiner CB. Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Vol Global perspectives. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

82.
Young T, International African Institute. Readings in African Politics. James Currey; 2002.

83.
Welcome | UN Women in Africa. http://africa.unwomen.org/en

84.
Arnfred S, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. Re-Thinking Sexualities in Africa. 2nd ed. Nordiska Afrikainstitutet; 2006.

85.
Burnet JE. Gender Balance and the Meanings of Women in Governance in Post-Genocide Rwanda. African Affairs. 2008;107(428):361-386. doi:10.1093/afraf/adn024

86.
Tripp AM. Legislating Gender-based Violence in Post-conflict Africa. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development. 2010;5(3):7-20. doi:10.1080/15423166.2010.981435347428

87.
Coulter, Chris. Bush Wives and Girl Soldiers : Women’s Lives Through War and Peace in Sierra Leone. Cornell University Press; 2009. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10457647

88.
Althaus F. Female Circumcision: Rite of Passage Or Violation of Rights? International Family Planning Perspectives. https://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/2313097.html

89.
Zalewski M, Runyan AS. "Unthinking” sexual violence in a neoliberal era of spectacular terror. Critical Studies on Terrorism. Published online 13 November 2015:1-17. doi:10.1080/17539153.2015.1094253

90.
Love and Sex in Islamic Africa: Introduction. Africa Today. 61(4):1-10. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v061/61.4.decker01.html

91.
Castle G. Postcolonial Discourses: An Anthology. Blackwell; 2001.

92.
Suttner R. Nelson Mandela’s masculinities. African Identities. 2014;12(3-4):342-356. doi:10.1080/14725843.2015.1009623

93.
She Lives Dangerously: Intimate Ethics, Grammatical Personhood, and HIV/AIDS in Islamic Northern Nigeria. Africa Today. 61(4):84-103. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v061/61.4.rhine.html

94.
Partnership, Policy Making, and Conditionality in the Gender Field: The Case of Tanzania. Africa Today. 60(4):67-84. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v060/60.4.lange.html

95.
The Lies We Have Been Told: On (Homo) Sexuality in Africa. Africa Today. 58(1):54-77. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v058/58.1.msibi.html

96.
Addressing the Impact of HIV/AIDS on Women and Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: PEPFAR, the U.S. Strategy. Africa Today. 57(1):65-76. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v057/57.1.rodney.html

97.
Gqola PD. How the ‘cult of femininity’ and violent masculinities support endemic gender based violence in contemporary South Africa. African Identities. 2007;5(1):111-124. doi:10.1080/14725840701253894

98.
Moffett H. ‘These Women, They Force Us to Rape Them’: Rape as Narrative of Social Control in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies. 2006;32(1):129-144. doi:10.1080/03057070500493845

99.
Mkhwanazi N. Twenty years of democracy and the politics of reproduction in South Africa. African Identities. 2014;12(3-4):326-341. doi:10.1080/14725843.2015.1009618

100.
Hassim S. Violent Modernity: Gender, Race and Bodies in Contemporary South African Politics. Politikon. 2014;41(2):167-182. doi:10.1080/02589346.2013.865824

101.
Daley E, Englert B. Securing land rights for women. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2010;4(1):91-113. doi:10.1080/17531050903556675

102.
McAuslan P. Personal reflections on drafting laws to improve women’s access to land: is there a magic wand? Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2010;4(1):114-130. doi:10.1080/17531050903556683

103.
Fallon, Kathleen M. Democracy and the Rise of Women’s Movements in Sub-Saharan Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press; 2010. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10376670

104.
Gouws A, Kotzé H. Women in Leadership Positions in South Africa: The Role of Values. Politikon. 2007;34(2):165-185. doi:10.1080/02589340701715273

105.
Hassim S. Violent Modernity: Gender, Race and Bodies in Contemporary South African Politics. Politikon. 2014;41(2):167-182. doi:10.1080/02589346.2013.865824

106.
Hooper C. Manly States: Masculinities, International Relations, and Gender Politics. Columbia University Press; 2001.

107.
Ingiriis MH, Hoehne MV. The impact of civil war and state collapse on the roles of Somali women: a blessing in disguise. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2013;7(2):314-333. doi:10.1080/17531055.2013.776281

108.
Laher Y. Pageant Politics: Framing Gendered Images of Women in Leadership. Politikon. 2014;41(1):103-120. doi:10.1080/02589346.2014.885680

109.
Mosoetsa S. Eating from One Pot: The Dynamics of Survival in Poor South African Households. Wits University Press; 2011. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662769820002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

110.
Nannyonga-Tamusuza S. Female-men, male-women, and others: constructing and negotiating gender among the Baganda of Uganda. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2009;3(2):367-380. doi:10.1080/17531050902973004

111.
Erlank N. ANC positions on gender, 1994–2004. Politikon. 2005;32(2):195-215. doi:10.1080/02589340500353458

112.
Mathis SM. Disobedient Daughters? Changing Women’s Roles in Rural Households in KwaZulu-Natal. Journal of Southern African Studies. 2011;37(4):831-848. doi:10.1080/03057070.2011.617930

113.
Niehaus I. Maternal Incest as Moral Panic: Envisioning Futures without Fathers in the South African Lowveld. Journal of Southern African Studies. 2010;36(4):833-849. doi:10.1080/03057070.2010.527640

114.
Rao R. Re-membering Mwanga: same-sex intimacy, memory and belonging in postcolonial Uganda. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2015;9(1):1-19. doi:10.1080/17531055.2014.970600

115.
Freedman J, SpringerLink (Online service). Engaging Men in the Fight against Gender Violence: Case Studies from Africa. (Freedman J, ed.). Palgrave Macmillan US; 2012. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057%2F9781137014740

116.
World Bank Document. Improving Gender Equality in Africa. http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr/brief/improving-gender-equality-in-africa

117.
Morrell R. Of boys and men: masculinity and gender in Southern African studies. Journal of Southern African Studies. 1998;24(4):605-630. doi:10.1080/03057079808708593

118.
Rockefeller MM, Johnson-Freese J. Dancing for Democracy: Understanding Malawi’s First Female President. Orbis. 2013;57(2):268-281. doi:10.1016/j.orbis.2013.02.004

119.
Women, Peace and Security. United Nations Peacekeeping. http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/issues/women/wps.shtml

120.
Laville S. UN troops ‘abused at least eight women and girls’ in Central African Republic | World news | The Guardian. Published 4 February 2016. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/04/un-troops-abused-least-eight-females-central-african-republic

121.
Bowcott O. UN accused of ‘gross failure’ over alleged sexual abuse by French troops | World news | The Guardian. Published 17 December 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/un-gross-failure-sexual-abuse-french-troops-central-african-republic

122.
UN finds more cases of child abuse by European troops in CAR | World news | The Guardian. Published 29 January 2016. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/29/un-finds-more-cases-of-child-abuse-by-european-troops-in-car

123.
Carter C. The Brutality of Corrective Rape - NYTimes.com. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/07/26/opinion/26corrective-rape.html

124.
Vibert E. Gender, resilience and resistance: South Africa’s Hleketani Community Garden. Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 2016;34(2):252-267. doi:10.1080/02589001.2016.1202508

125.
Narayanaswamy L. Whose feminism counts? Gender(ed) knowledge and professionalisation in development. Third World Quarterly. 2016;37(12):2156-2175. doi:10.1080/01436597.2016.1173511

126.
Gouws A. Women’s activism around gender-based violence in South Africa: recognition, redistribution and representation. Review of African Political Economy. 2016;43(149):400-415. doi:10.1080/03056244.2016.1217838

127.
Porter F. Gender and the political economy of conflict in Africa: the persistence of violence. Review of African Political Economy. 2016;43(149):530-532. doi:10.1080/03056244.2016.1214402

128.
Hill, Geoff 1956-. The Battle for Zimbabwe: The Final Countdown. Zebra Press; 2003.

129.
Coulter C. Bush Wives and Girl Soldiers: Women’s Lives through War and Peace in Sierra Leone. Vol Cornell paperbacks. Cornell University Press; 2009. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10457647

130.
Women’s Activism in Africa: Struggles for Rights and Representation. Zed Books; 1 edition; 15AD. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4790831

131.
Paul Collier. Wars, Guns and Votes: Democracy in Dangerous Places. Vintage; 4AD.

132.
Harrison G. Neoliberal Africa: The Impact of Global Social Engineering, Harrison. http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/N/bo20850944.html

133.
Abbas H, Niyiragira Y. Aid to Africa: Redeemer or Coloniser? Pambazuka Press; 2009. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=398479

134.
Cheeseman N, Anderson D, Scheibler A. Routledge Handbook of African Politics. Routledge; 2013. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203

135.
Grinker RR, Lubkemann SC, Steiner CB. Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Vol Global perspectives. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

136.
Thomson A. An Introduction to African Politics. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2009. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977

137.
Hubbard RG, Duggan WR. The Aid Trap: Hard Truths about Ending Poverty. Columbia Business School Pub; 2009. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10387033

138.
Mohan G, Zack-Williams T, Review of African political economy. The Politics of Transition in Africa: State, Democracy & Economic Development in Africa. Vol ROAPE African readers. James Currey; 2002.

139.
TAYLOR, IAN1. Is Africa Rising? Brown Journal of World Affairs. 2014;21(1):143-161. http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bah&AN=100868753&site=ehost-live

140.
Calderisi R. The Trouble with Africa: Why Foreign Aid Isn’t Working. Yale University Press; 2007. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4093145

141.
Stiglitz JE. Globalization and Its Discontents. Allen Lane; 2002.

142.
Stiglitz JE. The Price of Inequality. Penguin; 2013.

143.
Sachs J. The End of Poverty: How We Can Make It Happen in Our Lifetime. Penguin; 2005.

144.
Stiglitz JE. Stability with Growth: Macroeconomics, Liberalization and Development. Vol Initiative for policy dialogue. Oxford University Press; 2006.

145.
PATRICK BOND. LOOTING AFRICA: THE ECONOMICS OF EXPLOITATION. ZED BOOKS http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=121564

146.
Collier P. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done about It. Oxford University Press; 2007. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662803890002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

147.
Andrews N, Bawa S. A Post-development Hoax? (Re)-examining the Past, Present and Future of Development Studies. Third World Quarterly. 2014;35(6):922-938. doi:10.1080/01436597.2014.907704

148.
Jones S, Page J, Shimeles A, Tarp F. Aid, Growth and Employment in Africa. African Development Review. 2015;27(S1):1-4. doi:10.1111/1467-8268.12134

149.
Page J, Shimeles A. Aid, Employment and Poverty Reduction in Africa. African Development Review. 2015;27(S1):17-30. doi:10.1111/1467-8268.12136

150.
Margaret McMillan, Karen Horn Welch, Dani Rodrik, Ibrahim Elbadawi and Stephen O’Connell. When Economic Reform Goes Wrong: Cashew in Mozambique [with Comments and Discussion]. Brookings Trade Forum. Published online 2003:97-165. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25063181?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

151.
Brown W. Reconsidering the Aid Relationship: International Relations and Social Development. The Round Table. 2009;98(402):285-299. doi:10.1080/00358530902895386

152.
Jones S, Tarp F. Priorities for Boosting Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence for Mozambique. African Development Review. 2015;27(S1):56-70. doi:10.1111/1467-8268.12139

153.
Samy Y. China’s Aid Policies in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges. The Round Table. 2010;99(406):75-90. doi:10.1080/00358530903513756

154.
Jerven M. Africa: Why Economists Get It Wrong. Vol African arguments. Zed Books; 2015. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662803900002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

155.
Radelet S. The Rise of the World’s Poorest Countries. Journal of Democracy. 2015;26(4):5-19. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0061

156.
Heath-Kelly C, Baker-Beall C, Jarvis L. Editors’ introduction: neoliberalism and/as terror. Critical Studies on Terrorism. 2015;8(1):1-14. doi:10.1080/17539153.2015.1009761

157.
The Colonial Gesture of Development: The Interpersonal as a Promising Site for Rethinking Aid to Africa. Africa Today. 59(3):2-28. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v059/59.3.watson.html

158.
Gisselquist RM. Varieties of fragility: implications for aid. Third World Quarterly. 2015;36(7):1269-1280. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.1041104

159.
Abegaz B. Aid, accountability and institution building in Ethiopia: the self-limiting nature of technocratic aid. Third World Quarterly. 2015;36(7):1382-1403. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.1047447

160.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Economic Development in Africa: Doubling Aid. UNCTAD; 2006.

161.
Richey LA, Ponte S. New actors and alliances in development. Third World Quarterly. 2014;35(1):1-21. doi:10.1080/01436597.2014.868979

162.
Banks N, Hulme D. New development alternatives or business as usual with a new face? The transformative potential of new actors and alliances in development. Third World Quarterly. 2014;35(1):181-195. doi:10.1080/01436597.2014.868997

163.
Fforde A. Understanding Development Economics: Its Challenge to Development Studies. Vol Economics as social theory. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group; 2013.

164.
Corbridge S. Development Studies: A Reader. Edward Arnold; 1995.

165.
Engel S. The not-so-great aid debate. Third World Quarterly. 2014;35(8):1374-1389. doi:10.1080/01436597.2014.946251

166.
Desai V, Potter RB. The Companion to Development Studies. Arnold; 2008.

167.
De Medeiros Carvalho PMAR. Japan’s Foreign Aid Policy to Angola and Mozambique. Politikon. 2011;38(2):315-342. doi:10.1080/02589346.2011.580131

168.
Strongman L. Postcolonialism and international development studies: a dialectical exchange? Third World Quarterly. 2014;35(8):1343-1354. doi:10.1080/01436597.2014.946248

169.
Gary A. Haugen. The Locust Effect: Why the End of Poverty Requires the End of Violence. Oxford University Press; Reprint edition; 2015. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=573594

170.
Hout W. The Anti-Politics of Development: donor agencies and the political economy of governance. Third World Quarterly. 2012;33(3):405-422. doi:10.1080/01436597.2012.657474

171.
Lie JHS. Developmentality: indirect governance in the World Bank–Uganda partnership. Third World Quarterly. 2015;36(4):723-740. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.1024435

172.
HARMAN S, WILLIAMS D. International development in transition. International Affairs. 2014;90(4):925-941. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12148

173.
Moyo D. Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is Another Way for Africa. Allen Lane; 2008.

174.
Hilary J. Africa: Dead Aid and the return of neoliberalism. Race & Class. 2010;52(2):79-84. doi:10.1177/0306396810377010

175.
Michael Wallace Nest. Coltan. Polity Press; 2011. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=572464

176.
NAIR S. Governance, Representation and International Aid. Third World Quarterly. 2013;34(4):630-652. doi:10.1080/01436597.2013.786287

177.
Sharp J, Campbell P, Laurie E. The Violence of Aid? Giving, power and active subjects in One World Conservatism. Third World Quarterly. 2010;31(7):1125-1143. doi:10.1080/01436597.2010.518789

178.
Swiss L, Brown S. The aid orphan myth. Third World Quarterly. 2015;36(2):240-256. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.1013319

179.
Sultana F. Doing development as a critical development scholar. Third World Quarterly. 2014;35(3):516-519. doi:10.1080/01436597.2014.893494

180.
Richey LA, Ponte S. New actors and alliances in development. Third World Quarterly. 2014;35(1):1-21. doi:10.1080/01436597.2014.868979

181.
Sumner A. Poverty, Politics and Aid: is a reframing of global poverty approaching? Third World Quarterly. 2013;34(3):357-377. doi:10.1080/01436597.2013.784593

182.
Kapoor I. The Postcolonial Politics of Development. Vol Postcolonial politics. Routledge; 2008. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662769680002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

183.
Joseph RA, Gillies A. Smart Aid for African Development. Lynne Rienner; 2008.

184.
Gore C. The Rise and Fall of the Washington Consensus as a Paradigm for Developing Countries. World Development. 2000;28(5):789-804. doi:10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00160-6

185.
Simon D. Fifty Key Thinkers on Development. Routledge; 2006. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662769550002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

186.
Graham Harrison. Neoliberal Africa. Zed Books; 2010. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663027720002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

187.
Freistein K, Mahlert B. The potential for tackling inequality in the Sustainable Development Goals. Third World Quarterly. 2016;37(12):2139-2155. doi:10.1080/01436597.2016.1166945

188.
Easterly W. The White Man’s Burden: Why the West’s Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done so Much Ill and so Little Good. Oxford University Press; 2006.

189.
Sachs J. The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time. Penguin; 2006.

190.
Dodsworth S, Cheeseman N. The potential and pitfalls of collaborating with development organizations and policy makers in Africa. African Affairs. 2018;117(466):130-145. doi:10.1093/afraf/adx041

191.
Brautigam D, Ekman SMS. Briefing Rumours and realities of Chinese agricultural engagement in Mozambique. African Affairs. 2012;111(444):483-492. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads030

192.
Fredrik Söderbaum and Ian Taylor. Transmission Belt for Transnational Capital or Facilitator for Development? Problematising the Role of the State in the Maputo Development Corridor. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 2001;39(4):675-695. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/3557345

193.
Perkmann M, Sum NL. Chapter 11: The Construction of Cross Border Regions in Southern Africa: The Maputo Development Corridor. In: Globalization, Regionalization, and Cross-Border Regions. Vol International political economy series. Palgrave Macmillan; 2002.

194.
African Development Bank. African Development Report: 2010: Ports, Logistics, and Trade in Africa. Oxford University Press; 2010.

195.
Map 1: Spatial development initiatives in South Africa. Development Southern Africa. 1998;15(5):5-5. doi:10.1080/03768359808440044

196.
Jourdan P. Spatial development initiatives (SDIs) ‐ the official view. Development Southern Africa. 1998;15(5):717-725. doi:10.1080/03768359808440046

197.
Mitchell J. The Maputo Development Corridor: A case study of the SDI process in Mpumalanga. Development Southern Africa. 1998;15(5):757-769. doi:10.1080/03768359808440048

198.
PEBERDY S, CRUSH J. INVISIBLE TRADE, INVISIBLE TRAVELLERS: THE MAPUTO CORRIDOR SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE AND INFORMAL CROSS-BORDER TRADING. South African Geographical Journal. 2001;83(2):115-123. doi:10.1080/03736245.2001.9713727

199.
Kleynhans EP, Naude´ WA, van der Merwe SJ. Spatial economic development in South Africa: an overview and evaluation of the platinum spatial development initiative. Development Southern Africa. 2003;20(5):617-631. doi:10.1080/0376835032000149261

200.
Brand A, Geyer HS, Geyer HS. Corridor development in Gauteng, South Africa. GeoJournal. Published online 16 October 2015. doi:10.1007/s10708-015-9683-x

201.
Tate R. BISA Conferenced Paper: Can Development Corridors Now Produce Sustainable Outcomes in Mozambique? Published online 25 April 2011. http://www.open.ac.uk/socialsciences/bisa-africa/files/bisa-2011-tate.pdf

202.
Bond P. Elite Transition: From Apartheid to Neoliberalism in South Africa. Revised&expanded edition. Pluto Press; 2014. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10927994

203.
Manji A. Bulldozers, homes and highways: Nairobi and the right to the city. Review of African Political Economy. 2015;42(144):206-224. doi:10.1080/03056244.2014.988698

204.
Maputo Development Corridor is a success story. http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2015/06/05/maputo-development-corridor-is-a-success-story/

205.
Miller D. Spatial Development Initiatives and Regional Integration in Post-Apartheid Southern Africa. http://www.rosalux.co.za/wp-content/files_mf/sdisinsouthernafrica2_2011sd.pdf

206.
Chinese companies take part in modernisation of water supply system in Maputo, Matola and Boane in Mozambique | Macauhub English. http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2010/04/13/8898/

207.
’ Chinese Company To Build Housing Complex In Matola, Mozambique | Macauhub English. http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/?s=%27+Chinese+company+to+build+housing+complex+in+Matola%2C+Mozambique

208.
Investments In Maputo Corridor, Mozambique, Exceed US$5 Billion, | Macauhub English. http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/?s=Investments+in+Maputo+Corridor%2C+Mozambique%2C+exceed+US$5+billion%2C

209.
Maputo Development Corridor Is A Success Story | Macauhub English. http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/?s=Maputo+Development+corridor+is+a+success+story

210.
Maputo Development Corridor Refinances Debt | Macauhub English. http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/?s=maputo+development+corridor+refinances+debt

211.
Byiers B, Vanheukelom J. What Drives Regional Economic Integration: Lessons from the Maputo Development Corridor and North-South Corridor. Published online 1 February 2014. http://www.mcli.co.za/mcli-web/downloads/docs/DP157_PERISA_Corridors.pdf

212.
Bowland C, Otto L. Implementing Development Corridors: Lessons from the MDC. http://www.mcli.co.za/mcli-web/downloads/docs/PB54-MaputoCorridor.pdf

213.
MCLI - Library. http://www.mcli.co.za/mcli-web/downloads/downloads.htm

214.
Stiglitz JE. Globalization and Its Discontents. Allen Lane; 2002.

215.
Stiglitz JE. Stability with Growth: Macroeconomics, Liberalization and Development. Vol Initiative for policy dialogue. Oxford University Press; 2006.

216.
Joseph Hanlon, Teresa Smart. Do Bicycles Equal Development in Mozambique? James Currey; Reissue edition; 2010. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=262118

217.
China’s Xi pledges $60bn for development in Africa. http://www.polity.org.za/article/chinas-xi-pledges-60bn-for-development-in-africa-2015-12-04

218.
Radden Keefe P. Buried Secrets - The New Yorker. Published 8 July 2013. http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/07/08/buried-secrets

219.
Warlord Democrats in Africa: Ex-Military Leaders and Electoral Politics (Africa Now). Zed Books; 15AD. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4833070

220.
Beresford A. Africa rising? Review of African Political Economy. 2016;43(147):1-7. doi:10.1080/03056244.2016.1149369

221.
Taylor I. Dependency redux: why Africa is not rising. Review of African Political Economy. 2016;43(147):8-25. doi:10.1080/03056244.2015.1084911

222.
Cheeseman N, Anderson D, Scheibler A. Routledge Handbook of African Politics. Routledge; 2013. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203

223.
Thomson A. An Introduction to African Politics. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2009. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977

224.
Grinker RR, Lubkemann SC, Steiner CB. Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Vol Global perspectives. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

225.
Cheeseman N. Democracy in Africa: Successes, Failures, and the Struggle for Political Reform. Vol New approaches to African history. Cambridge University Press; 2015.

226.
Cowen MP, Laasko L. Multi-Party Elections in Africa. James Currey; 2001.

227.
Young T, International African Institute. Readings in African Politics. James Currey; 2002.

228.
Mohan G, Zack-Williams T, Review of African political economy. The Politics of Transition in Africa: State, Democracy & Economic Development in Africa. Vol ROAPE African readers. James Currey; 2002.

229.
Abrahamsen R. African democracy - still disciplined after all these years? International Relations. 2013;27(2):241-246. doi:10.1177/0047117813489655c

230.
Adrienne Lebas. From Protest to Parties: Party-Building And Democratization In Africa. Oxford University Press, Usa; Reprint edition; 2013. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=428738

231.
Anchoring the ‘D-Word’ in Africa. Journal of Democracy. 2010;21(4):106-113. doi:10.1353/jod.2010.0006

232.
Abrahamsen R. The power of partnerships in global governance. Third World Quarterly. 2004;25(8):1453-1467. doi:10.1080/0143659042000308465

233.
Abbay A. Diversity and democracy in Ethiopia. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2009;3(2):175-201. doi:10.1080/17531050902972428

234.
Degila DE. Neopatrimonialism in Africa and Beyond. African Affairs. 2014;113(453):623-625. doi:10.1093/afraf/adu052

235.
Burnet JE. Gender Balance and the Meanings of Women in Governance in Post-Genocide Rwanda. African Affairs. 2008;107(428):361-386. doi:10.1093/afraf/adn024

236.
Anne Pitcher, Mary H. Moran and Michael Johnston. Rethinking Patrimonialism and Neopatrimonialism in Africa. African Studies Review. 2009;52(1):125-156. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27667425?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

237.
Daniel Bach. Neopatrimonialism in Africa and beyond (Routledge Studies on African Politics and International Relations). Routledge; 2012. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=346173

238.
Parisot J. American Power, East Asian Regionalism and Emerging Powers: or empire? Third World Quarterly. 2013;34(7):1159-1174. doi:10.1080/01436597.2013.824655

239.
Bøås M, Torheim LE. The Trouble in Mali—corruption, collusion, resistance. Third World Quarterly. 2013;34(7):1279-1292. doi:10.1080/01436597.2013.824647

240.
Booysen S. ‘Choice Between Malaria and Cholera’ or ‘Democratic Façade’: The 2006 Elections in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Politikon. 2007;34(1):1-18. doi:10.1080/02589340701336179

241.
Collier P. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done about It. Oxford University Press; 2007. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663029610002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

242.
A Du Pisani. New Sites of Governance. In: Theory, Change and the Future for Southern Africa. Palgrave Macmillan; 2000. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10044879

243.
Deegan H. Politics South Africa. 2nd ed. Pearson Longman; 2011.

244.
Ozor FU. Electoral Process, Democracy and Governance in Africa: Search for an Alternative Democratic Model. Politikon. 2009;36(2):315-336. doi:10.1080/02589340903240302

245.
de Jager N. Liberation Movements in Power: Party & State in Southern Africa. Politikon. 2014;41(1):162-163. doi:10.1080/02589346.2014.885685

246.
Grove A. The International Politics of Survival: The Case of Mugabe’s Staying Power. Politikon. 2011;38(2):275-294. doi:10.1080/02589346.2011.580127

247.
Hamill J. A (Qualified) Reaffirmation of ANC Hegemony: Assessing South Africa’s 2009 Election. Politikon. 2010;37(1):3-23. doi:10.1080/02589346.2010.492147

248.
FISHER J, ANDERSON DM. Authoritarianism and the securitization of development in Africa. International Affairs. 2015;91(1):131-151. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12190

249.
Gaynor N. Between Citizenship and Clientship: The Politics of Participatory Governance in Malawi. Journal of Southern African Studies. 2010;36(4):801-816. doi:10.1080/03057070.2010.527637

250.
Hamill J, Hoffman J. ‘Quiet Diplomacy’ or Appeasement? South African Policy towards Zimbabwe. The Round Table. 2009;98(402):373-384. doi:10.1080/00358530902895584

251.
Joseph Hanlon, Teresa Smart. Do Bicycles Equal Development in Mozambique? James Currey; Reissue edition; 2010. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=262118

252.
Klein N. The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism. 1st ed. Metropolitan Books; 2007.

253.
MEREDITH TC. The Challenge for Africa: A New Vision by Wangari Maathai. Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien. 2011;55(3):391-392. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0064.2011.00369.x

254.
Maathai W. The Challenge for Africa. Arrow; 2010.

255.
Macdonald G. Racial Politics and Campaign Strategy in South Africa’s 2009 Election. Politikon. 2015;42(2):155-176. doi:10.1080/02589346.2015.1005792

256.
Melber H. Post-liberation Democratic Authoritarianism: The Case of Namibia. Politikon. 2015;42(1):45-66. doi:10.1080/02589346.2015.1005790

257.
Prevost G. The evolution of the African National Congress in power: From revolutionaries to social democrats? Politikon. 2006;33(2):163-181. doi:10.1080/02589340600884584

258.
Reyntjens F. Constructing the truth, dealing with dissent, domesticating the world: Governance in post-genocide Rwanda. African Affairs. 2011;110(438):1-34. doi:10.1093/afraf/adq075

259.
Mehler A. Rebels and parties: the impact of armed insurgency on representation in the Central African Republic. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 2011;49(01):115-139. doi:10.1017/S0022278X10000674

260.
Southall R. The black middle class and democracy in South Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 2014;52(04):647-670. doi:10.1017/S0022278X14000445

261.
Steans J. Gender and International Relations: Theory, Practice, Policy. 3rd. ed. Polity; 2013. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780745678696

262.
De Jager N, Du Toit P van der P. Friend or Foe?: Dominant Party Systems in Southern Africa : Insights from the Developing World. United Nations University Press; 2013.

263.
Suttner R. Party Dominance ‘Theory’: Of What Value? Politikon. 2006;33(3):277-297. doi:10.1080/02589340601122901

264.
Reyntjens F. Rwanda: Progress or Powder Keg? Journal of Democracy. 2015;26(3):19-33. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0043

265.
Lewis P, Kew D. Nigeria’s Hopeful Election. Journal of Democracy. 2015;26(3):94-109. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0039

266.
Azevedo-Harman E. Patching Things Up in Mozambique. Journal of Democracy. 2015;26(2):139-150. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0036

267.
Joseph R. Growth, Security, and Democracy in Africa. Journal of Democracy. 2014;25(4):61-75. doi:10.1353/jod.2014.0060

268.
Opalo KO. African Elections: Two Divergent Trends. Journal of Democracy. 2012;23(3):80-93. doi:10.1353/jod.2012.0039

269.
Gyimah-Boadi E, Prempeh HK. Oil, Politics, and Ghana’s Democracy. Journal of Democracy. 2012;23(3):94-108. doi:10.1353/jod.2012.0042

270.
Dizolele MP, Kambale PK. The DRC’s Crumbling Legitimacy. Journal of Democracy. 2012;23(3):109-120. doi:10.1353/jod.2012.0045

271.
Constraining Government Power in Africa. Journal of Democracy. 22(1):96-106. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/journal_of_democracy/v022/22.1.akech.html

272.
The Mirage of Democracy in the DRC. Journal of Democracy. 2010;21(3):143-157. doi:10.1353/jod.0.0189

273.
Mozambique’s Slide into One-Party Rule. Journal of Democracy. 2010;21(2):151-165. doi:10.1353/jod.0.0165

274.
Imperial Presidency and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria. Africa Today. 59(1):43-68. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v059/59.1.isumonah.html

275.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo? Corruption, Patronage, and Competitive Authoritarianism in the DRC. Africa Today. 56(4):42-61. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v056/56.4.matti.html

276.
Fallon, Kathleen M. Democracy and the Rise of Women’s Movements in Sub-Saharan Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press; 2010. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10376670

277.
Ahluwalia DPS. Politics and Post-Colonial Theory: African Inflections. Routledge; 2001. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663029350002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

278.
Bauer G, Taylor SD. Politics in Southern Africa: State and Society in Transition. Lynne Rienner Publishers; 2005.

279.
Ainslie A, Kepe T. Understanding the Resurgence of Traditional Authorities in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies. 2016;42(1):19-33. doi:10.1080/03057070.2016.1121714

280.
Lancaster C. Democratisation in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Survival. 1993;35(3):38-50. doi:10.1080/00396339308442698

281.
Abrahamsen R, Bareebe G. Uganda’s 2016 elections: Not even faking it anymore. African Affairs. 2016;115(461):751-765. doi:10.1093/afraf/adw056

282.
Meger S. The failure of democracy in the Republic of Congo. Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 2011;29(2):235-237. doi:10.1080/02589001.2011.562006

283.
Paul Collier. Wars, Guns and Votes: Democracy in Dangerous Places. Vintage; 4AD.

284.
Porter, Elisabeth J. Researching Conflict in Africa : Insights and Experiences. United Nations University Press; 2005. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10120724

285.
Furley O. Conflict in Africa. Tauris Academic Studies; 1995.

286.
Mlambo, Norman. Violent Conflicts, Fragile Peace : Perspectives on Africa’s Security Problems. Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd; 2008. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10594073

287.
Thomson A. An Introduction to African Politics. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2009. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977

288.
Mohan G, Zack-Williams T, Review of African political economy. The Politics of Transition in Africa: State, Democracy & Economic Development in Africa. Vol ROAPE African readers. James Currey; 2002.

289.
Grinker RR, Lubkemann SC, Steiner CB. Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Vol Global perspectives. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

290.
Major L, Fontein J. Corporealities of violence in southern and eastern Africa. Critical African Studies. 2015;7(2):89-98. doi:10.1080/21681392.2015.1055549

291.
Peltier JPN. Rethinking Africa’s Military. American Foreign Policy Interests. 2010;32(4):219-228. doi:10.1080/10803920.2010.501208

292.
Weiss TG, International Peace Academy. Humanitarian Emergencies and Military Help in Africa. Vol Issues in peacekeeping and peacemaking. Macmillan in association with International Peace Academy; 1990.

293.
Gutteridge W, Spence JE. Violence in Southern Africa. Vol Cass series on political violence. Frank Cass; 1997.

294.
Kaldor M. New and Old Wars. 3rd ed. Polity Press; 2012.

295.
Karlsrud J. The UN at war: examining the consequences of peace-enforcement mandates for the UN peacekeeping operations in the CAR, the DRC and Mali. Third World Quarterly. 2015;36(1):40-54. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.976016

296.
Mendes C. Virtuous War: Mapping the Military-Industrial Media-Entertainment Network. Politikon. 2011;38(3):469-470. doi:10.1080/02589346.2011.548853

297.
Obiyo R. One Report of the Joint Investigating Team on the Strategic Defence Procurement Packages, Too Many! Politikon. 2006;33(3):361-385. doi:10.1080/02589340601127660

298.
Seegers A, Taylor S. Transformation in the South African Military: A Study of the Gender-Representivity Component in the South African Navy. Politikon. 2008;35(3):357-378. doi:10.1080/02589340903020670

299.
Williams PD. Reflections on the Evolving African Peace and Security Architecture. African Security. 2014;7(3):147-162. doi:10.1080/19392206.2014.939886

300.
Brosig M. Introduction: The African Security Regime Complex—Exploring Converging Actors and Policies. African Security. 2013;6(3-4):171-190. doi:10.1080/19392206.2013.854088

301.
Barron T. The Soldier and the State in the Congo Crisis: The Unprofessional Legacy of the National Congolese Army. African Security. 2013;6(2):97-132. doi:10.1080/19392206.2013.788407

302.
Bachmann J, Gelot L. Between Protection and Stabilization? Addressing the Tensions in Contemporary Western Interventions in Africa: An Introduction. African Security. 2012;5(3-4):129-141. doi:10.1080/19392206.2012.732883

303.
Andersen LR. Something’s Gotta Give: Security Sector Reform and United Nations Peace Operations. African Security. 2012;5(3-4):217-235. doi:10.1080/19392206.2012.732894

304.
Peltier JPN. Rethinking Africa’s Military. American Foreign Policy Interests. 2010;32(4):219-228. doi:10.1080/10803920.2010.501208

305.
ECOWAS and Regional Peacekeeping Integration in West Africa: Lessons for the Future. Africa Today. 57(2):3-24. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v057/57.2.arthur.html

306.
Ojo EO. The Military and the Challenge of Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria: Positive Scepticism and Negative Optimism. Insight on Africa. 2014;6(1):57-79. doi:10.1177/0975087814532585

307.
Ozkan M. When a Giant became a ‘Reluctant Peacekeeper’: South Africa and Peacekeeping Operations between 1994-2003. Insight on Africa. 2013;5(2):129-138. doi:10.1177/0975087813515980

308.
Firsing S. Thinking through the role of Africa’s militaries in peacekeeping: the cases of Nigeria, Ethiopia and Rwanda. South African Journal of International Affairs. 2014;21(1):45-67. doi:10.1080/10220461.2014.894685

309.
Powell J, Lasley T, Schiel R. Combating Coups d’état in Africa, 1950–2014. Studies in Comparative International Development. Published online 7 January 2016. doi:10.1007/s12116-015-9210-6

310.
Cheeseman N, Anderson D, Scheibler A. Routledge Handbook of African Politics. Routledge; 2013. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203

311.
Thomson A. An Introduction to African Politics. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2009. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977

312.
Grinker RR, Lubkemann SC, Steiner CB. Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Vol Global perspectives. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

313.
Slayton C. Underselling Islamist extremism in Sub-Saharan Africa. Defense & Security Analysis. 2015;31(2):123-136. doi:10.1080/14751798.2015.1056933

314.
Mlambo, Norman. Violent Conflicts, Fragile Peace : Perspectives on Africa’s Security Problems. Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd; 2008. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10594073

315.
Dwyer M. Soldiers in Revolt: Army Mutinies in Africa. Hurst & Company; 2017.

316.
Mohan G, Zack-Williams T, Review of African political economy. The Politics of Transition in Africa: State, Democracy & Economic Development in Africa. Vol ROAPE African readers. James Currey; 2002.

317.
Kaldor M. New and Old Wars. 3rd ed. Polity Press; 2012.

318.
Ratsimbaharison AM. Greed and Civil War in Post–Cold War Africa: Revisiting the Greed Theory of Civil War. African Security. 2011;4(4):269-282. doi:10.1080/19392206.2011.629552

319.
Porter, Elisabeth J. Researching Conflict in Africa : Insights and Experiences. United Nations University Press; 2005. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10120724

320.
Keenan JH. Africa unsecured? The role of the Global War on Terror (GWOT) in securing US imperial interests in Africa. Critical Studies on Terrorism. 2010;3(1):27-47. doi:10.1080/17539151003594186

321.
Vondracek H. A Single Raised Hand: Prospects for Peace in the Sudanese Rivalry. African Security. 2014;7(4):251-276. doi:10.1080/19392206.2014.977171

322.
Dembinski M, Schott B. Converging Around Global Norms? Protection of Civilians in African Union and European Union Peacekeeping in Africa. African Security. 2013;6(3-4):276-296. doi:10.1080/19392206.2013.854085

323.
Clark JF. A Constructivist Account of the Congo Wars. African Security. 2011;4(3):147-170. doi:10.1080/19392206.2011.599262

324.
Valeriano B. Power Politics and Interstate War in Africa. African Security. 2011;4(3):195-221. doi:10.1080/19392206.2011.599270

325.
Watts MJ, Ibaba IS. Turbulent Oil: Conflict and Insecurity in the Niger Delta. African Security. 2011;4(1):1-19. doi:10.1080/19392206.2011.563181

326.
Piombo J. Peacemaking in Burundi: Conflict Resolution versus Conflict Management Strategies. African Security. 2010;3(4):239-272. doi:10.1080/19392206.2010.533579

327.
Daley P. The Burundi Peace Negotiations: An African Experience of Peace–making. Review of African Political Economy. 2007;34(112):333-352. doi:10.1080/03056240701449729

328.
Oarhe O, Aghedo I. The Open Sore of a Nation: Corruption Complex and Internal Security in Nigeria. African Security. 2010;3(3):127-147. doi:10.1080/19392206.2010.503854

329.
Hultin N. Repositioning the Front Lines? Reflections on the Ethnography of African Securityscapes. African Security. 2010;3(2):104-125. doi:10.1080/19392206.2010.485856

330.
Edmonds M, Mills G, McNamee T. Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration and Local Ownership in the Great Lakes: The Experience of Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. African Security. 2009;2(1):29-58. doi:10.1080/19362200902766383

331.
Olsen GR. Fighting terrorism in Africa by proxy: the USA and the European Union in Somalia and Mali. European Security. 2014;23(3):290-306. doi:10.1080/09662839.2014.884074

332.
Abu Bakarr Bah, Mark Davidheiser, Niklas Hultin and Tricia Redeker Hepner. Introduction to ACPR: African Conflict in Global Perspective. African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review. 2011;1(1):1-7. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.1.1.1#pdf_only_tab_contents

333.
Coleman KP. Innovations in ‘African solutions to African problems’: the evolving practice of regional peacekeeping in sub-Saharan Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 2011;49(04):517-545. doi:10.1017/S0022278X11000462

334.
Eaton D. The Business of Peace: Raiding and Peace Work along the Kenya-Uganda Border (Part II). African Affairs. 2008;107(427):243-259. doi:10.1093/afraf/adm086

335.
Debos M. Fluid Loyalties in a Regional Crisis: Chadian ‘Ex-Liberators’ in the Central African Republic. African Affairs. 2008;107(427):225-241. doi:10.1093/afraf/adn004

336.
FISHER J, ANDERSON DM. Authoritarianism and the securitization of development in Africa. International Affairs. 2015;91(1):131-151. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12190

337.
Fuamba D, Yonekawa M, Seegers A. Managing Spoilers in a Hybrid War: The Democratic Republic of Congo (1996–2010). Politikon. 2013;40(2):319-338. doi:10.1080/02589346.2012.746187

338.
Giroux J, Lanz D, Sguaitamatti D. The tormented triangle: the regionalisation of conflict in Sudan, Chad, and the Central African Republic. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28497/

339.
Jarstad AK, Höglund K. Local violence and politics in KwaZulu-Natal: perceptions of agency in a post-conflict society. Third World Quarterly. 2015;36(5):967-984. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.1030385

340.
Hyden G. Rethinking justice and institutions in African peacebuilding. Third World Quarterly. 2015;36(5):1007-1022. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.1025739

341.
Médard H. Building and transgressing borders in the Great Lakes region of East Africa. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2009;3(2):275-283. doi:10.1080/17531050902972709

342.
Pillay S. Crime, Community and the Governance of Violence in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Politikon. 2008;35(2):141-158. doi:10.1080/02589340802366943

343.
Rolandsen ØH. Another civil war in South Sudan: the failure of Guerrilla Government? Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2015;9(1):163-174. doi:10.1080/17531055.2014.993210

344.
White L, Larmer M. Introduction: Mobile Soldiers and the Un-National Liberation of Southern Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies. 2014;40(6):1271-1274. doi:10.1080/03057070.2014.967487

345.
Gelot L. Legitimacy, Peace Operations and Global-Regional Security: The African Union-United Nations Partnership in Darfur. Vol Security and governance series. Routledge; 2012.

346.
Booth K. Critical Security Studies and World Politics. Vol Critical security studies. Lynne Rienner; 2005.

347.
Nhema A, Zeleza PT. Resolution of African Conflicts: The Management of Conflict Resolution and Post-Conflict Reconstruction. Ohio University Press; 2008. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3026966

348.
Besada H. Crafting an African Security Architecture: Addressing Regional Peace and Conflict in the 21st Century. Vol The international political economy of new regionalisms series. Ashgate; 2010. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10395016

349.
Omeje KC, Redeker Hepner TM. Conflict and Peacebuilding in the African Great Lakes Region. Indiana University Press; 2013. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10718814

350.
Nhema A, Zeleza PT. Roots of African Conflicts: The Causes and Costs. Ohio University Press; 2008. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3026965

351.
Huckabey JM. Al Qaeda in Mali: The Defection Connections. Orbis. 2013;57(3):467-484. doi:10.1016/j.orbis.2013.05.008

352.
Collier P, Hoefler A. Greed and grievance in civil war. Oxford Economic Papers. 2004;56(4):563-595. doi:10.1093/oep/gpf064

353.
Neumann PR. Old and New Terrorism: Late Modernity, Globalization and the Transformation of Political Violence. Polity; 2009.

354.
MacLeod, Lucy S. Thomson, Olivia C. New Terrorism Issues : Cur000000. Nova; 2009. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10681050

355.
OTENYO EE. NEW TERRORISM. African Security Review. 2004;13(3):75-84. doi:10.1080/10246029.2004.9627306

356.
Berman, Eli. Radical, Religious, and Violent : The New Economics of Terrorism. MIT Press; 2009. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10335355

357.
Kagwanja P. Counter-terrorism in the Horn of Africa: New security frontiers, old Strategies. African Security Review. 2006;15(3):72-86. doi:10.1080/10246029.2006.9627608

358.
Smith M. Securing Africa: Post-9/11 Discourses on Terrorism. Ashgate; 2009. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10362166

359.
Matthew LeRiche. South Sudan: From Revolution to Independence. C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd; 27AD. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1912514

360.
Mangala J, Mangala J, SpringerLink (Online service). New Security Threats and Crises in Africa: Regional and International Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan; 2010. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664608240002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

361.
Alcinda Honwana. Child Soldiers in Africa (The Ethnography of Political Violence). University of Pennsylvania Press http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664783830002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

362.
Thomson A, Jazdowska N. Bringing in the grassroots: transitional justice in Zimbabwe. Conflict, Security & Development. 2012;12(1):75-102. doi:10.1080/14678802.2012.667662

363.
Totten S, Grzyb A, eds. Conflict in the Nuba Mountains: From Genocide by Attrition to the Contemporary Crisis. Routledge; 2015. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10988458

364.
Stig Jarle Hansen. Al-Shabaab in Somalia: The History and Ideology of a Militant Islamist Group, 2005-2012 (Somali Politics and History). C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd; 2013. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10822941

365.
Harper M. Getting Somalia Wrong?: Faith, War and Hope in a Shattered State. Zed Books; 2012. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10532060

366.
Nathan Mugisha. The Way Forward in Somalia. http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/doi/pdf/10.1080/03071847.2011.591084

367.
H Solomon. Somalia’s Al Shabaab: Clans vs Islamist nationalism. http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/doi/pdf/10.1080/10220461.2014.967286

368.
Agbiboa D. Shifting the Battleground: The Transformation of Al-Shabab and the Growing Influence of Al-Qaeda in East Africa and the Horn. Politikon. 2015;42(2):177-194. doi:10.1080/02589346.2015.1005791

369.
Lemke D. Intra-National IR in Africa. Review of International Studies. Volume 37/1 (January). http://journals.cambridge.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=7939181&jid=RIS&volumeId=37&issueId=01&aid=7939179&bodyId=&membershipNumber=&societyETOCSession=

370.
Lewis IM. Understanding Somalia and Somaliland: Culture, History, Society. Hurst; 2008.

371.
Anderson DM, McKnight J. Kenya at war: Al-Shabaab and its enemies in Eastern Africa. African Affairs. 2015;114(454):1-27. doi:10.1093/afraf/adu082

372.
Jeffrey Gettleman. The Most Dangerous Place in The World. Foreign Policy. 2009;(171):60-69. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20684851?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

373.
Webersik C. Bargaining for the Spoils of War: Somalia’s Failing Path from War to Peace. African Security. 2014;7(4):277-302. doi:10.1080/19392206.2014.977173

374.
Vidino L, Pantucci R, Kohlmann E. Bringing Global Jihad to the Horn of Africa: al Shabaab, Western Fighters, and the Sacralization of the Somali Conflict. African Security. 2010;3(4):216-238. doi:10.1080/19392206.2010.533071

375.
Vidino L, Pantucci R, Kohlmann E. Bringing Global Jihad to the Horn of Africa: al Shabaab, Western Fighters, and the Sacralization of the Somali Conflict. African Security. 2010;3(4):216-238. doi:10.1080/19392206.2010.533071

376.
Adam HM. Somalia: militarism, warlordism or democracy ? Review of African Political Economy. 1992;19(54):11-26. doi:10.1080/03056249208703950

377.
Barnes C, Hassan H. The Rise and Fall of Mogadishu’s Islamic Courts. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2007;1(2):151-160. doi:10.1080/17531050701452382

378.
FISHER J, ANDERSON DM. Authoritarianism and the securitization of development in Africa. International Affairs. 2015;91(1):131-151. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12190

379.
Breen Smyth M, Gunning J, Jackson R, Kassimeris G, Robinson P. Critical Terrorism Studies–an introduction. Critical Studies on Terrorism. 2008;1(1):1-4. doi:10.1080/17539150701868538

380.
Ghobadzdeh N, Akbarzadeh S. Sectarianism and the prevalence of ‘othering’ in Islamic thought. Third World Quarterly. 2015;36(4):691-704. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.1024433

381.
Kurtulus EN. Exploring the Paradoxical Consequences of State Collapse: the cases of Somalia 1991–2006 and Lebanon 1975–82. Third World Quarterly. 2012;33(7):1285-1303. doi:10.1080/01436597.2012.691831

382.
Meyer G, Nicholls J. War and Faith in Sudan. William B. Eerdmans Publishing; 2005.

383.
Roland Marchal. A tentative assessment of the Somali Harakat Al-Shabaab. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2009;3(3):381-404. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17531050903273701

384.
Giorgio Musso. Electoral Politics and Religious Parties in Sudan: An Analysis of the April 2010 Election. African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review. 2012;2(1):58-86. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.2.1.58?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

385.
Shinn D. Al Shabaab’s Foreign Threat to Somalia. Orbis. 2011;55(2):203-215. doi:10.1016/j.orbis.2011.01.003

386.
Solomon H. Critical Terrorism Studies and Its Implications for Africa. Politikon. 2015;42(2):219-234. doi:10.1080/02589346.2015.1041671

387.
Harry Verhoeven. The self-fulfilling prophecy of failed states: Somalia, state collapse and the Global War on Terror. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2009;3(3):405-425. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17531050903273719

388.
WILLIAMS PD. After Westgate: opportunities and challenges in the war against Al-Shabaab. International Affairs. 2014;90(4):907-923. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12147

389.
Woodward P. The Horn of Africa: Politics and International Relations. Vol International Library of African Studies. I.B.Tauris; 2002. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=677155

390.
Frahm O. Making borders and identities in South Sudan. Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 2015;33(2):251-267. doi:10.1080/02589001.2015.1070461

391.
De Waal A. The Real Politics of the Horn of Africa: Money, War and the Business of Power. Polity; 2015. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=11115170

392.
Walls M. The Emergence of a Somali State: Building Peace from Civil War in Somaliland. African Affairs. 2009;108(432):371-389. doi:10.1093/afraf/adp019

393.
Rotberg RI, World Peace Foundation, Brookings Institution. Battling Terrorism in the Horn of Africa. World Peace Foundation; 2005. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10120607

394.
Medani KM. The Horn of Africa in the shadow of the cold war: understanding the partition of Sudan from a regional perspective. The Journal of North African Studies. 2012;17(2):275-294. doi:10.1080/13629387.2011.613188

395.
How Somaliaâ��s al-Shabab militants hone their image - BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27633367

396.
Daily chart: Jihadists in Africa: A rising tide | The Economist. http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2015/07/daily-chart-jihadists-africa

397.
Malalo H. Kenya says it has killed al-Shabaab commander | African News | BDlive. Published 19 February 2016. http://www.bdlive.co.za/africa/africannews/2016/02/19/kenya-says-it-has-killed-al-shabaab-commander

398.
Obulutsa G. Kenya to tackle radicalisation with new prison for ‘extremists’ | African News | BDlive. Published 17 February 2016. http://www.bdlive.co.za/africa/africannews/2016/02/17/kenya-to-tackle-radicalisation-with-new-prison-for-extremists

399.
Oyewole S. Boko Haram and the challenges of Nigeria’s war on terror. Defense & Security Analysis. 2013;29(3):253-262. doi:10.1080/14751798.2013.820968

400.
Eke SJ. How and why Boko Haram blossomed: examining the fatal consequences of treating a purposive terrorist organisation as less so. Defense & Security Analysis. Published online 14 October 2015:1-11. doi:10.1080/14751798.2015.1087102

401.
Breen Smyth M, Gunning J, Jackson R, Kassimeris G, Robinson P. Critical Terrorism Studies–an introduction. Critical Studies on Terrorism. 2008;1(1):1-4. doi:10.1080/17539150701868538

402.
Yusuf HO. Harvest of violence: the neglect of basic rights and the insurgency in Nigeria. Critical Studies on Terrorism. 2013;6(3):371-391. doi:10.1080/17539153.2013.835528

403.
Weeraratne S. Theorizing the Expansion of the Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria. Terrorism and Political Violence. Published online 19 March 2015:1-25. doi:10.1080/09546553.2015.1005742

404.
Felbab-Brown V, Forest JJF. Political Violence and the Illicit Economies of West Africa. Terrorism and Political Violence. 2012;24(5):787-806. doi:10.1080/09546553.2011.644098

405.
Akinola O. Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria: Between Islamic Fundamentalism, Politics, and Poverty. African Security. 2015;8(1):1-29. doi:10.1080/19392206.2015.998539

406.
Chizea B, Osumah O. Two Sides of a Coin: Traditional Rulership and the Mitigation of Nonstate Security Threats in Nigeria. African Security. 2015;8(2):75-95. doi:10.1080/19392206.2015.1036668

407.
Aghedo I. Old Wine in a New Bottle: Ideological and Operational Linkages Between Maitatsine and Boko Haram Revolts in Nigeria. African Security. 2014;7(4):229-250. doi:10.1080/19392206.2014.977169

408.
Egiegba Agbiboa D. Living in Fear: Religious Identity, Relative Deprivation and the Boko Haram Terrorism. African Security. 2013;6(2):153-170. doi:10.1080/19392206.2013.788410

409.
Ebohon SI, Ifeadi EUB. Managing the Problems of Public Order and Internal Security in Nigeria. African Security. 2012;5(1):1-23. doi:10.1080/19392206.2012.653304

410.
Akinola AO. Niger Delta Crisis: The Nexus between Militants’ Insurgency and Security in West Africa. African Security. 2011;4(1):65-80. doi:10.1080/19392206.2011.563180

411.
Onuoha FC. The Islamist challenge: Nigeria’s Boko Haram crisis explained. African Security Review. 2010;19(2):54-67. doi:10.1080/10246029.2010.503061

412.
Between Democracy and Federalism: Shari’ah in Northern Nigeria and the Paradox of Institutional Impetuses. Africa Today. 59(4):92-117. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v059/59.4.bolaji.html

413.
Twittering the Boko Haram Uprising in Nigeria: Investigating Pragmatic Acts in the Social Media. Africa Today. 59(3):82-102. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v059/59.3.chiluwa.html

414.
‘Baptism by Fire’: Boko Haram and the Reign of Terror in Nigeria. Africa Today. 59(2):40-57. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v059/59.2.maiangwa.html

415.
Hisbah and Sharia Law Enforcement in Metropolitan Kano. Africa Today. 57(4):70-96. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v057/57.4.olaniyi.html

416.
Between Maitatsine and Boko Haram: Islamic Fundamentalism and the Response of the Nigerian State. Africa Today. 57(4):98-119. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v057/57.4.adesoji.html

417.
Adegbulu F. : the emergence of a terrorist sect in Nigeria 2009–2013. African Identities. 2013;11(3):260-273. doi:10.1080/14725843.2013.839118

418.
Bakare-Yusuf B. Scattered limbs, scattered stories: the silence of Biafra. African Identities. 2012;10(3):243-248. doi:10.1080/14725843.2012.715453

419.
Ghobadzdeh N, Akbarzadeh S. Sectarianism and the prevalence of ‘othering’ in Islamic thought. Third World Quarterly. 2015;36(4):691-704. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.1024433

420.
Celso AN. The Islamic State and Boko Haram: Fifth Wave Jihadist Terror Groups. Orbis. 2015;59(2):249-268. doi:10.1016/j.orbis.2015.02.010

421.
Solomon H. Critical Terrorism Studies and Its Implications for Africa. Politikon. 2015;42(2):219-234. doi:10.1080/02589346.2015.1041671

422.
de Orellana P. Struggles over identity in diplomacy: ‘Commie terrorists’ contra ‘imperialists’ in Western Sahara. International Relations. 2015;29(4):477-499. doi:10.1177/0047117815571620

423.
Obadare E. Sex, citizenship and the state in Nigeria: Islam, Christianity and emergent struggles over intimacy. Review of African Political Economy. 2015;42(143):62-76. doi:10.1080/03056244.2014.988699

424.
Is President Buhari correct that Boko Haram are not holding any territory in Nigeria? http://www.polity.org.za/article/is-president-buhari-correct-that-boko-haram-are-not-holding-any-territory-in-nigeria-2016-02-01

425.
Walker A. ‘Eat the Heart of the Infidel’: The Harrowing of Nigeria and the Rise of Boko Haram. Hurst & Company; 2016.

426.
Comolli V. Boko Haram: Nigeria’s Islamic Insurgency. Hurst & Company; 2015.

427.
Iyekekpolo WO. Boko Haram: understanding the context. Third World Quarterly. 2016;37(12):2211-2228. doi:10.1080/01436597.2016.1177453

428.
Women and the War on Boko Haram: Wives, Weapons, Witnesses (African Arguments). Zed Books; 15AD. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5060848

429.
Cheeseman N, Anderson D, Scheibler A. Routledge Handbook of African Politics. Routledge; 2013. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662768690002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

430.
Tonge J. Comparative Peace Processes. Polity; 2014.

431.
Nhema A, Zeleza PT. Resolution of African Conflicts: The Management of Conflict Resolution and Post-Conflict Reconstruction. Ohio University Press; 2008. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3026966

432.
Piombo J. Peacemaking in Burundi: Conflict Resolution versus Conflict Management Strategies. African Security. 2010;3(4):239-272. doi:10.1080/19392206.2010.533579

433.
Nhema A, Zeleza PT. Resolution of African Conflicts: The Management of Conflict Resolution and Post-Conflict Reconstruction. Ohio University Press; 2008. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3026966

434.
Kurtulus EN. Exploring the Paradoxical Consequences of State Collapse: the cases of Somalia 1991–2006 and Lebanon 1975–82. Third World Quarterly. 2012;33(7):1285-1303. doi:10.1080/01436597.2012.691831

435.
Curtis Devon; D. Peacebuilding, Power, and Politics in Africa. Ohio University Press; 2012. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10606570

436.
Totten S, Grzyb A, eds. Conflict in the Nuba Mountains: From Genocide by Attrition to the Contemporary Crisis. Routledge; 2015. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10988458

437.
Totten S, Grzyb A, eds. Conflict in the Nuba Mountains: From Genocide by Attrition to the Contemporary Crisis. Routledge; 2015. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10988458

438.
Nhema A, Zeleza PT. Roots of African Conflicts: The Causes and Costs. Ohio University Press; 2008. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3026965

439.
Mlambo, Norman. Violent Conflicts, Fragile Peace : Perspectives on Africa’s Security Problems. Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd; 2008. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10594073

440.
Omeje KC, Redeker Hepner TM. Conflict and Peacebuilding in the African Great Lakes Region. Indiana University Press; 2013. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10718814

441.
Strongman L. Postcolonialism and international development studies: a dialectical exchange? Third World Quarterly. 2014;35(8):1343-1354. doi:10.1080/01436597.2014.946248

442.
Ingelaere B. Peasants, power and ethnicity: A bottom-up perspective on Rwanda’s political transition. African Affairs. 2010;109(435):273-292. doi:10.1093/afraf/adp090

443.
Gelot L. Legitimacy, Peace Operations and Global-Regional Security: The African Union-United Nations Partnership in Darfur. Vol Security and governance series. Routledge; 2012.

444.
Debos M. Fluid Loyalties in a Regional Crisis: Chadian ‘Ex-Liberators’ in the Central African Republic. African Affairs. 2008;107(427):225-241. doi:10.1093/afraf/adn004

445.
Mehler A. Peace and Power Sharing in Africa: A Not So Obvious Relationship. African Affairs. 2009;108(432):453-473. doi:10.1093/afraf/adp038

446.
Pillay S. Crime, Community and the Governance of Violence in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Politikon. 2008;35(2):141-158. doi:10.1080/02589340802366943

447.
Constraining Government Power in Africa. Journal of Democracy. 22(1):96-106. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/journal_of_democracy/v022/22.1.akech.html

448.
Jeng A. Peacebuilding in the African Union: Law, Philosophy and Practice. Cambridge University Press; 2012.

449.
Anchoring the ‘D-Word’ in Africa. Journal of Democracy. 2010;21(4):106-113. doi:10.1353/jod.2010.0006

450.
Hutton L. Internal and external dilemmas of peacebuilding in Africa_01_2014_Lauren Hutton CRU.pdf. 2014;ISS Paper 250. http://www.clingendael.nl/sites/default/files/Internal%20and%20external%20dilemmas%20of%20peacebuilding%20in%20Africa_01_2014_Lauren%20Hutton%20CRU.pdf

451.
Mozambique’s Slide into One-Party Rule. Journal of Democracy. 2010;21(2):151-165. doi:10.1353/jod.0.0165

452.
Rothchild DS. Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa: Pressures and Incentives for Cooperation. Brookings Institution Press; 1997. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=46925

453.
Mwakikagile G. Identity Politics and Ethnic Conflicts in Rwanda and Burundi: A Comparative Study. 1st ed. New Africa Press; 2012.

454.
Dallaire R, Beardsley B. Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda. Arrow; 2004.

455.
Hultin N. Repositioning the Front Lines? Reflections on the Ethnography of African Securityscapes. African Security. 2010;3(2):104-125. doi:10.1080/19392206.2010.485856

456.
Williams PD. The African Union’s Peace Operations: A Comparative Analysis. African Security. 2009;2(2-3):97-118. doi:10.1080/19362200903361937

457.
Médard H. Building and transgressing borders in the Great Lakes region of East Africa. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2009;3(2):275-283. doi:10.1080/17531050902972709

458.
Dallaire R. The Lessons of Rwanda. Refugee Survey Quarterly. 2004;23(4):19-27. doi:10.1093/rsq/23.4.19

459.
Durable Peace. University of Toronto Press; 2004. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=202257

460.
Rolandsen �ystein H., Daly MW. A History of South Sudan: From Slavery to Independence. Cambridge University Press; 2016.

461.
Watt N. Burundi: The Biography of a Small African Country. Revised and updated edition. Hurst & Company; 2015.

462.
Wassara SS. South Sudan: state sovereignty challenged at infancy. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2015;9(4):634-649. doi:10.1080/17531055.2015.1105439

463.
Barltrop R. Darfur and the International Community: The Challenges of Conflict Resolution in Sudan. Vol 41. New paperback edition. I.B. Tauris; 2015.

464.
Makinda SM, Okumu FW. The African Union: Challenges of Globalization, Security, and Governance. Vol Routledge global institutions. Routledge; 2007. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10205500

465.
Engel U, Porto JG. Imagining, Implementing, and Integrating the African Peace and Security Architecture: The African Union’s Challenges. African Security. 2014;7(3):135-146. doi:10.1080/19392206.2014.945379

466.
Khadiagala GM. Road Maps in Resolving African Conflicts: Pathways to Peace or Cul de Sacs? African Security. 2014;7(3):163-180. doi:10.1080/19392206.2014.939891

467.
Gomes Porto J, Ngandu KY. The African Union, Preventive Diplomacy, Mediation, and the Panel of the Wise: Review and Reflection on the Panel’s First Six Years. African Security. 2014;7(3):181-206. doi:10.1080/19392206.2014.952582

468.
Engel U. The African Union, the African Peace and Security Architecture, and Maritime Security. African Security. 2014;7(3):207-227. doi:10.1080/19392206.2014.939889

469.
Gebrewold B. The Cynicism of "African Solutions for African Problems”. African Security. 2010;3(2):80-103. doi:10.1080/19392206.2010.485509

470.
Engel U, Porto JG. The African Union’s New Peace and Security Architecture: Toward an Evolving Security Regime? African Security. 2009;2(2-3):82-96. doi:10.1080/19362200903359774

471.
Williams PD. The African Union’s Peace Operations: A Comparative Analysis. African Security. 2009;2(2-3):97-118. doi:10.1080/19362200903361937

472.
Olender M. Integrating Africa: Decolonization’s Legacies, Sovereignty and the African Union. Politikon. 2014;41(1):163-165. doi:10.1080/02589346.2014.885687

473.
Paterson M, University of Cape Town. Centre for Conflict Resolution, International Colloquium Report. The African Union at Ten: Problems, Progress, and Prospects - International Colloquium Report, Berlin, Germany, 30-31 August 2012. Centre for Conflict Resolution; 2012.

474.
Muchie M, Lukhele-Olorunju P, Akpar O. The African Union Ten Years after: Solving African Problems with Pan-Africanism and the African Renaissance. Africa Institute of South Africa; 2013. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10803470

475.
Jeng A. Peacebuilding in the African Union: Law, Philosophy and Practice. Cambridge University Press; 2012.

476.
Gelot L. Legitimacy, Peace Operations and Global-Regional Security: The African Union-United Nations Partnership in Darfur. Vol Security and governance series. Routledge; 2012.

477.
Besada H. Crafting an African Security Architecture: Addressing Regional Peace and Conflict in the 21st Century. Vol The international political economy of new regionalisms series. Ashgate; 2010. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10395016

478.
Makinda SM, Okumu FW. The African Union: Challenges of Globalization, Security, and Governance. Vol Routledge global institutions. Routledge; 2007. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10205500

479.
Bischoff PH. Pan-African Multilateralism: Transformative or Disconnected? Politikon. 2008;35(2):177-195. doi:10.1080/02589340802366968

480.
Chafer T. The AU: a new arena for Anglo-French cooperation in Africa? The Journal of Modern African Studies. 2011;49(01):55-82. doi:10.1017/S0022278X10000650

481.
Nathan L. SADC’s Uncommon Approach to Common Security, 1992–2003*. Journal of Southern African Studies. 2006;32(3):605-622. doi:10.1080/03057070600830755

482.
Olender M. Integrating Africa: Decolonization’s Legacies, Sovereignty and the African Union. Politikon. 2014;41(1):163-165. doi:10.1080/02589346.2014.885687

483.
Poku N. Security and Development in Southern Africa. Praeger; 2001.

484.
WEISS TG, WELZ M. The UN and the African Union in Mali and beyond: a shotgun wedding? International Affairs. 2014;90(4):889-905. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12146

485.
Abatan E, Spies Y. African solutions to African problems? The AU, R2P and Côte d’Ivoire. South African Journal of International Affairs. 2016;23(1):21-38. doi:10.1080/10220461.2016.1153516

486.
Nganje F. Sub-state diplomacy and the foreign policy-development nexus in South Africa. South African Journal of International Affairs. 2016;23(1):1-20. doi:10.1080/10220461.2016.1154889

487.
Lalbahadur A. Economic statecraft in South Africa’s regional diplomacy. South African Journal of International Affairs. 2016;23(2):135-149. doi:10.1080/10220461.2016.1199970

488.
Badmus IA. The African Union’s Role in Peacekeeping: Building on Lessons Learned from Security Operations. Vol Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies. Palgrave Macmillan; 2015. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4001302

489.
Fetter J. Obama: Into Africa: Foreign Policy in Focus. Published 14 August 2014. http://fpif.org/obama-africa/

490.
Campbell J. Is American Policy toward Sub-Saharan Africa Increasingly Militarized? American Foreign Policy Interests. 2013;35(6):346-351. doi:10.1080/10803920.2013.855547

491.
Pham JP. The Development of the United States Africa Command and its Role in America’s Africa Policy under George W. Bush and Barack Obama. The Journal of the Middle East and Africa. 2014;5(3):245-275. doi:10.1080/21520844.2014.980192

492.
Keller EJ. Meeting the Challenges of Strategic and Human Security Interests in US–Africa Relations, or the Orphaning of ‘Soft Power’? Africa Review. 2012;4(1):1-16. doi:10.1080/09744053.2013.764117

493.
Okbazghi Yohannes. The United States and Sub-Saharan Africa After the Cold War: Empty Promises and Retreat. The Black Scholar. 2002;32(1):23-44. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41068963?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

494.
Solomon H. The African state and the failure of US counter-terrorism initiatives in Africa: The cases of Nigeria and Mali. South African Journal of International Affairs. 2013;20(3):427-445. doi:10.1080/10220461.2013.841804

495.
Olsen GR. Fighting terrorism in Africa by proxy: the USA and the European Union in Somalia and Mali. European Security. 2014;23(3):290-306. doi:10.1080/09662839.2014.884074

496.
Obama Made in Kenya: Appropriating the American Dream in Kogelo. Africa Today. 59(4):68-90. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v059/59.4.van-bemmel.html

497.
Kenya, the United States, and Counterterrorism. Africa Today. 57(4):2-27. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v057/57.4.prestholdt.html

498.
The Political Economy of African Responses to the U.S. Africa Command. Africa Today. 57(1):3-23. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v057/57.1.levan.html

499.
McCaskie TC. The United States, Ghana and Oil: Global and Local Perspectives. African Affairs. 2008;107(428):313-332. doi:10.1093/afraf/adn019

500.
Hentz JJ. National and Human Security in Sub-Sahara Africa. Orbis. 2010;54(4):630-643. doi:10.1016/j.orbis.2010.07.009

501.
Griffith TB. Nigeria: Instability, Implications, and U.S. Policy. Vol African political, economic, and security issues. Nova Science Publishers; 2014. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10812502

502.
Davis J. The Barack Obama Presidency: A Two Year Assessment. Palgrave Macmillan; 2011. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780230370456

503.
Late but not empty-handed; Barack Obama in Africa. The Economist. 2013;407(8). http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A334461699&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=01b2ee64c16967a27e4ec9f2d5fde467

504.
OBAMA, BARACK1. AFRICA’S RISE. Vital Speeches of the Day. 2015;81(9):265-270. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=109200202&site=ehost-live

505.
How different is his policy? Barack Obama and Africa. The Economist. 2009;392(8). http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A203743723&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=bf45eb4c7c9bae0bc6926a97276fac4d

506.
Neglected; Barack Obama and Africa. The Economist. 2015;416(8). http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A422826882&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=EAIM&sw=w&asid=50774b0d0945fdcf244f3aa2187fbab2

507.
Tom Nevin. What will Obama do for Africa? Are Barack Obama’s blood ties with Africa cause for hope that he might be more sensitive to the continent’s needs than his predecessors? Tom Nevin investigates. African Business. 2008;2008(2008). http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A188958560&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=3e61bcc863ac006bf50f0f4ce5c054ce

508.
Hunt J. America and the World. Conversations on the Future of American Foreign Policy. Politikon. 2011;38(3):460-462. doi:10.1080/02589346.2011.623849

509.
Parmar I, Miller LB, Ledwidge M, eds. Obama and the World: New Directions in US Foreign Policy. Vol Routledge studies in US foreign policy. Second edition. Routledge; 2014. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=597465

510.
Cox M, Stokes D. US Foreign Policy. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press; 2012.

511.
Van De Walle N. Obamas Unrealized Hopes for Africa. Sept/Oct 2015. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/africa/obama-and-africa

512.
Carson J. The Obama Administration’s Africa Policy: The First Four Years, 2009–2013. American Foreign Policy Interests. 2013;35(6):317-324. doi:10.1080/10803920.2013.855549

513.
Varhola LR, Sheperd TE. Africa and the United States—A Military Perspective. American Foreign Policy Interests. 2013;35(6):325-332. doi:10.1080/10803920.2013.855546

514.
Adebajo A. The revolt against the West: intervention and sovereignty. Third World Quarterly. 2016;37(7):1187-1202. doi:10.1080/01436597.2016.1154434

515.
Tella O. A declining or stable image? An assessment of the United States’ soft power in Africa. South African Journal of International Affairs. 2016;23(2):151-166. doi:10.1080/10220461.2016.1190297

516.
Thomson A. A More Effective Constructive Engagement: US Policy Towards South Africa after the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986. Politikon. 2012;39(3):371-389. doi:10.1080/02589346.2012.746186

517.
Thomson A. An Introduction to African Politics. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2009. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977

518.
Cheeseman N, Anderson D, Scheibler A. Routledge Handbook of African Politics. Routledge; 2013. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203

519.
Bräutigam D, Xiaoyang T. African Shenzhen: China’s special economic zones in Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 2011;49(01):27-54. doi:10.1017/S0022278X10000649

520.
Globalization and Marginalization of Africa: Contextualization of China–Africa Relations. Africa Today. 58(1):102-124. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v058/58.1.edoho.html

521.
Cowaloosur H. Land grab in new garb: Chinese special economic zones in Africa. African Identities. 2014;12(1):94-109. doi:10.1080/14725843.2013.868674

522.
Brautigam D. The Dragon’s Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa. Oxford University Press; 2011.

523.
Halper, Stefan. Beijing Consensus, The : Legitimizing Authoritarianism in Our Time. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=274454

524.
Kennedy S. The Myth of the Beijing Consensus. Journal of Contemporary China. 2010;19(65):461-477. doi:10.1080/10670561003666087

525.
Taylor I. China’s New Role in Africa. Lynne Rienner; 2008.

526.
Stephen Chan. The Morality of China in Africa: The Middle Kingdom and the Dark Continent. Zed Books Ltd; 2013. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10696013

527.
A’Zami D. ‘China in Africa’: From Under-researched to Under-theorised? Millennium - Journal of International Studies. 2015;43(2):724-734. doi:10.1177/0305829814557555

528.
Olivier N. Between Contradiction and Co-operation: An Analysis of China’s Evolving Engagement with Africa. Insight on Africa. 2014;6(1):15-42. doi:10.1177/0975087814532584

529.
Shaun Breslin. China and the Global Political Economy (International Political Economy Series). Palgrave Schol, Print UK; 2009. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=136032

530.
Ayers AJ. Beyond Myths, Lies and Stereotypes: The Political Economy of a ‘New Scramble for Africa’. New Political Economy. 2013;18(2):227-257. doi:10.1080/13563467.2012.678821

531.
Jennifer L. Parenti. China-Africa relations in the 21st century. Joint Force Quarterly. 2009;2009(2009). http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A193510880&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=dd6a7d54b53acb82753f14b3bfe5cf82

532.
Bräutigam D, Xiaoyang T. African Shenzhen: China’s special economic zones in Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 2011;49(01):27-54. doi:10.1017/S0022278X10000649

533.
Zhao S. The China Model: can it replace the Western model of modernization? Journal of Contemporary China. 2010;19(65):419-436. doi:10.1080/10670561003666061

534.
Gonzales P. China/Africa & the 21st Century. [CreateSpace Independent Publishing]; 2014.

535.
Naughton B. China’s Distinctive System: can it be a model for others? Journal of Contemporary China. 2010;19(65):437-460. doi:10.1080/10670561003666079

536.
Howard W. French. China’s Second Continent: How a Million Migrants Are Building a New Empire in Africa. Vintage; Reprint edition; 2015. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=749723

537.
Chin G, Thakur R. Will China Change the Rules of Global Order? The Washington Quarterly. 2010;33(4):119-138. doi:10.1080/0163660X.2010.516145

538.
Mohan G, Lampert B. Negotiating China: Reinserting African agency into China-Africa relations. African Affairs. 2013;112(446):92-110. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads065

539.
Campbell K. State capitalism: Is it a rival to market capitalism? Published 30 March 2012. http://www.miningweekly.com/article/state-capitalism-is-it-a-rival-to-market-capitalism-2012-03-30

540.
Taylor I. Emerging powers, state capitalism and the oil sector in Africa. Review of African Political Economy. 2014;41(141):341-357. doi:10.1080/03056244.2013.864630

541.
Large D. Beyond ‘Dragon in the Bush’: The Study of China Africa Relations. African Affairs. 2007;107(426):45-61. doi:10.1093/afraf/adm069

542.
Taylor I. Sino-African Relations and the Problem of Human Rights. African Affairs. 2007;107(426):63-87. doi:10.1093/afraf/adm056

543.
Kennedy S. The Myth of the Beijing Consensus. Journal of Contemporary China. 2010;19(65):461-477. doi:10.1080/10670561003666087

544.
Presidents of Angola and China call to strengthen bilateral cooperation | Macauhub English. Published 4 December 2015. http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2015/12/04/presidents-of-angola-and-china-call-to-strengthen-bilateral-cooperation/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+Macauhub+%28Macauhub%29

545.
Angolan Parliament approves new framework cooperation agreement between Angola and China | Macauhub English. Published 19 November 2009. http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2009/10/19/7954/

546.
Angola: China provides loan of US$4.5 billion as part of Framework Agreement with Angola | Macauhub English. Published 27 March 2009. http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2009/03/27/6796/

547.
Angola prioritises financing in markets and credit lines from China and Brazil | Macauhub English. Published 31 August 2015. http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2015/08/31/angola-prioritises-financing-in-markets-and-credit-lines-from-china-and-brazil/

548.
Beware, the ‘Beijing Consensus’ is a sinister one - Telegraph. Published 4 December 2015. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/8243751/Beware-the-Beijing-Consensus-is-a-sinister-one.html

549.
The Chinese are coming | The Economist. Published 4 March 2011. http://www.economist.com/node/15607496

550.
China’s Xi pledges $60bn for development in Africa. http://www.polity.org.za/article/chinas-xi-pledges-60bn-for-development-in-africa-2015-12-04

551.
Deborah Brautigam. Will Africa Feed China? OUP USA; 2016. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=827807

552.
Corkin L. Uneasy allies: China’s evolving relations with Angola. Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 2011;29(2):169-180. doi:10.1080/02589001.2011.555192

553.
Fijałkowski Ł. China’s ‘soft power’ in Africa? Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 2011;29(2):223-232. doi:10.1080/02589001.2011.555197

554.
Marton P, Matura T. The ‘voracious dragon’, the ‘scramble’ and the ‘honey pot’: Conceptions of conflict over Africa’s natural resources. Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 2011;29(2):155-167. doi:10.1080/02589001.2011.555191

555.
Zhengyu W, Taylor I. From refusal to engagement: Chinese contributions to peacekeeping in Africa. Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 2011;29(2):137-154. doi:10.1080/02589001.2011.555190

556.
Kopiński D, Polus A, Taylor I. Contextualising Chinese engagement in Africa. Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 2011;29(2):129-136. doi:10.1080/02589001.2011.555189

557.
Alden C, Wu YS. South African foreign policy and China: converging visions, competing interests, contested identities. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics. 2016;54(2):203-231. doi:10.1080/14662043.2016.1151170

558.
Brautigam D, Ekman SMS. Briefing Rumours and realities of Chinese agricultural engagement in Mozambique. African Affairs. 2012;111(444):483-492. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads030

559.
Nganje F. Brazilian Cities in Mozambique: South–South Development Co-operation or the Projection of Soft Power? Journal of Southern African Studies. 2016;42(4):659-674. doi:10.1080/03057070.2016.1189656

560.
Abdenur AE, De Souza Neto DM. Rising Powers and The Security–Development Nexus: Brazil’s Engagement with Guinea-Bissau. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development. 2014;9(2):1-16. doi:10.1080/15423166.2014.950118

561.
Cammack P. The G20, the Crisis, and the Rise of Global Developmental Liberalism. Third World Quarterly. 2012;33(1):1-16. doi:10.1080/01436597.2012.628110

562.
Robinson WI. The transnational state and the BRICS: a global capitalism perspective. Third World Quarterly. 2015;36(1):1-21. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.976012

563.
Building alternatives BRICS by BRICS - Bretton Woods Project. Published 5 April 2012. http://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/2012/04/art-569947/

564.
Deych T. BRICS as an Important Actor in Africa. Insight on Africa. 2015;7(2):169-185. doi:10.1177/0975087815581459

565.
Pereira AD. Brazil-Africa Relations: The Strategic Importance of the South Atlantic. Insight on Africa. 2014;6(1):1-13. doi:10.1177/0975087814532586

566.
Taylor I. Africa Rising?: BRICS - Diversifying Dependency. Vol African issues. James Currey; 2014. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://leicester.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1717497

567.
TAYLOR I. India’s rise in Africa. International Affairs. 2012;88(4):779-798. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2012.01101.x

568.
Taylor I. ‘The South Will Rise Again’? New Alliances and Global Governance: The India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum. Politikon. 2009;36(1):45-58. doi:10.1080/02589340903155393

569.
Kahn M. The fall of the Wall, the rise of the BRICs and the new Scramble for Africa. Foresight. 2011;13(3):38-49. doi:10.1108/14636681111138758

570.
Becker U. The BRICs and Emerging Economies in Comparative Perspective: Political Economy, Liberalization and Institutional Change. Routledge; 2013.

571.
Hawley JC, Hawley JC. India in Africa, Africa in India : Indian Ocean Cosmopolitanisms. Indiana University Press; 2008. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=455797

572.
Corkin L, Naidu S. China & India in Africa: An Introduction. Review of African Political Economy. 2008;35(115):115-116. doi:10.1080/03056240802011824

573.
de Freitas Barbosa A, Narciso T, Biancalana M. Brazil in Africa: Another Emerging Power in the Continent? Politikon. 2009;36(1):59-86. doi:10.1080/02589340903155401

574.
Shaw TM, Cooper AF, Chin GT. Emerging Powers and Africa: Implications for/from Global Governance? Politikon. 2009;36(1):27-44. doi:10.1080/02589340903155385

575.
Christina Stolte. Brazil in Africa: seeking international status, not resources. Harvard International Review. 2013;34(4). http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A324249885&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=5c9466d5fa82a26b07ac0b9c03d89129

576.
Pereira AD. Brazil-Africa Relations: The Strategic Importance of the South Atlantic. Insight on Africa. 2014;6(1):1-13. doi:10.1177/0975087814532586

577.
Yvonne Captain. Brazil’s Africa Policy under Lula. The Global South. 2010;4(1):183-198. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/gso.2010.4.1.183?pq-origsite=summon#pdf_only_tab_contents

578.
Catching up; India in Africa. The Economist. 2011;399(8). http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A257377744&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=e0498996b906720114cc083a5536bae2

579.
India in Africa. Economic and Political Weekly. 44(51). http://www.jstor.org/stable/25663903?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

580.
A new Atlantic alliance; Brazil in Africa. The Economist. 2012;405(8). http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A307748988&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=b581e710ec63ccfa442073b16d86b69a

581.
India chooses private banker to head Brics bank | Asia-Pacific | BDlive. Published 11 May 2015. http://www.bdlive.co.za/world/asia/2015/05/11/india-chooses-private-banker-to-head-brics-bank

582.
Taylor I. Global Governance and Transnationalizing Capitalist Hegemony: The Myth of the ‘Emerging Powers’. Vol Routledge global institutions series. Routledge; 2017. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=972382

583.
Black DR, Hornsby DJ. South Africa’s bilateral relationships in the evolving foreign policy of an emerging middle power. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics. 2016;54(2):151-160. doi:10.1080/14662043.2016.1151164

584.
Hamill J. Africa’s Lost Leader: South Africa’s Continental Role since Apartheid. Routledge; 2018.

585.
Kayuni H, Tambulasi R. Big Brother or Big Opportunist? South Africa’s Enthusiasm for a Multifaceted Relationship with the Rest of Africa. Africa Review. 2012;4(1):17-32. doi:10.1080/09744053.2013.764118

586.
Van Nieuwkerk A. Exporting Cultures of Violence or Peace? Interpreting South Africa’s Post-apartheid Role in Africa. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development. 2009;4(3):70-84. doi:10.1080/15423166.2009.306113691014

587.
Hamill J, Hoffman J. ‘Quiet Diplomacy’ or Appeasement? South African Policy towards Zimbabwe. The Round Table. 2009;98(402):373-384. doi:10.1080/00358530902895584

588.
Lee D, Taylor I, Williams PD. The New Multilateralism in South African Diplomacy. Vol Studies in diplomacy and international relations. Palgrave Macmillan; 2006. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663029260002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

589.
Porter, Elisabeth J. Researching Conflict in Africa : Insights and Experiences. United Nations University Press; 2005. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10120724

590.
van Nieuwkerk A. South Africa and Peacekeeping in Africa. African Security. 2012;5(1):44-62. doi:10.1080/19392206.2012.653307

591.
Ogunnubi O. Recalibrating Africa’s Geo-Political Calculus: A Critique of South Africa’s Hegemonic Status. Politikon. Published online 21 October 2015:1-20. doi:10.1080/02589346.2015.1099373

592.
Hamill J. South Africa in Africa: The Dilemmas of Multi-lateralsim. In: The New Multi-Lateralism in South African Diplomacy. Palgrave-Macmillan; 2006. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=82555

593.
Hamill J, Lee D. A Middle Power Paradox? South African Diplomacy in the Post-apartheid Era. International Relations. 2001;15(4):33-59. doi:10.1177/004711701015004004

594.
Prys M. Regional Hegemon or Regional Bystander: South Africa’s Zimbabwe Policy 2000–2005. Politikon. 2009;36(2):193-218. doi:10.1080/02589340903240138

595.
Gebrewold B. Legitimate Regional Powers? A Failed Test for Ethiopia, Nigeria, and South Africa. African Security. 2014;7(1):1-23. doi:10.1080/19392206.2014.880029

596.
Moore C. Thabo Mbeki and South Africa’s African identity: a review of 20 years of South Africa’s Africa policy. African Identities. 2014;12(3-4):371-389. doi:10.1080/14725843.2015.1009620

597.
Hamill J. From Realism to Complex Interdependence? South Africa, Southern Africa and the Question of Security. International Relations. 1998;14(3):1-30. doi:10.1177/004711789801400301

598.
Olusola Ogunnubi,Christopher Isike. Regional hegemonic contention and the asymmetry of soft power: a comparative analysis of South Africa and Nigeria. Strategic Review for Southern Africa. 2015;37(1). http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A429632254&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=27fd4aad99523bc6f12585f5aaeefcd7

599.
Death C. Leading by Example: South African Foreign Policy and Global Environmental Politics. International Relations. 2011;25(4):455-478. doi:10.1177/0047117811404582

600.
Desmond Tutu A. South Africa, Africa and the World. Conflict, Security & Development. 2004;4(2):199-205. doi:10.1080/1467880042000259112

601.
Alden C, le Pere G. Chapter 4: South Africa, Africa and the South: Leadership and Revival. The Adelphi Papers. 2003;43(362):55-69. doi:10.1080/714027927

602.
Alden C, Le Pere G. South Africa in Africa: Bound To Lead? Politikon. 2009;36(1):145-169. doi:10.1080/02589340903155443

603.
Qobo M. Refocusing South Africa’s economic diplomacy: the ‘African Agenda’ and emerging powers. South African Journal of International Affairs. 2010;17(1):13-28. doi:10.1080/10220461003763833

604.
Jordaan E. The concept of a middle power in international relations: distinguishing between emerging and traditional middle powers. Politikon. 2003;30(1):165-181. doi:10.1080/0258934032000147282

605.
Habib A. South Africa’s foreign policy: hegemonic aspirations, neoliberal orientations and global transformation. South African Journal of International Affairs. 2009;16(2):143-159. doi:10.1080/10220460903265857

606.
Serrão O, Bischoff PH. Foreign Policy Ambiguity on the Part of an Emergent Middle Power: South African Foreign Policy through other Lenses. Politikon. 2009;36(3):363-380. doi:10.1080/02589341003600189

607.
Baregu ML, Landsberg C, International Peace Academy. From Cape to Congo: Southern Africa’s Evolving Security Challenges. L. Rienner; 2003.

608.
Ahwireng‐Obeng F, McGowan PJ. Partner or Hegemon? South Africa in Africa: Part One. Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 1998;16(1):5-38. doi:10.1080/02589009808729619

609.
Olusola Ogunnubi,Christopher Isike. Regional hegemonic contention and the asymmetry of soft power: a comparative analysis of South Africa and Nigeria. Strategic Review for Southern Africa. 2015;37(1). http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A429632254&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=27fd4aad99523bc6f12585f5aaeefcd7

610.
Salawu A. A political economy of sub-Saharan African language press: the case of Nigeria and South Africa. Review of African Political Economy. 2015;42(144):299-313. doi:10.1080/03056244.2014.988695

611.
Senaji TA, Metwally E, Sejjaaka S, Puplampu BB, Michaud J, Adedoyin-Rasaq H. LEAD - Leadership effectiveness, motivation, and culture in Africa: Lessons from Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l’Administration. 2014;31(4):228-244. doi:10.1002/cjas.1298

612.
Abegunrin O, Akomolafe O. Nigeria in Global Politics: Twentieth Century and Beyond. Nova Science Publishers, Inc; 2006. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662769620002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

613.
Olusola Ogunnubi,Christopher Isike. Regional hegemonic contention and the asymmetry of soft power: a comparative analysis of South Africa and Nigeria. Strategic Review for Southern Africa. 2015;37(1). http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A429632254&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=27fd4aad99523bc6f12585f5aaeefcd7

614.
Lopez-Lucia E. Regional powers and regional security governance: An interpretive perspective on the policies of Nigeria and Brazil. International Relations. 2015;29(3):348-362. doi:10.1177/0047117815600936

615.
Ubi EN, Akinkuotu OO. Nigerian foreign policy and economic development, 1999-2013. International Area Studies Review. 2014;17(4):414-433. doi:10.1177/2233865914557099

616.
ADEBAJO A. Nigeria: Africa’s New Gendarme? Security Dialogue. 2000;31(2):185-199. doi:10.1177/0967010600031002005

617.
Badmus IA. The African Union’s Role in Peacekeeping: Building on Lessons Learned from Security Operations. Vol Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies. Palgrave Macmillan; 2015. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4001302

618.
Shooting Dogs [DVD] [2007].

619.
Hotel Rwanda - University of Leicester. http://librarysearch.le.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=requestTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=44UOLE_ALMA2195414030002746&indx=1&recIds=44UOLE_ALMA2195414030002746&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%2844UOLE_DISSERTATIONS%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_DSPACE%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_CALM%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_ALMA%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_EXAM%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_CONTENTDM%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&mode=Basic&vid=44UOLE_VU1&srt=rank&tab=default_tab&vl(freeText0)=Hotel%20Rwanda&dum=true&dstmp=1488283395554

620.
Blood Diamond [DVD] [2007].

621.
ABC News Nightline Heart of Darkness: The Democratic Republic of Congo.

622.
Black hawk down - University of Leicester. http://librarysearch.le.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=requestTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=44UOLE_ALMA21102224230002746&indx=1&recIds=44UOLE_ALMA21102224230002746&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%2844UOLE_DISSERTATIONS%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_DSPACE%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_CALM%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_ALMA%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_EXAM%29%2Cscope%3A%2844UOLE_CONTENTDM%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&mode=Basic&vid=44UOLE_VU1&srt=rank&tab=default_tab&vl(freeText0)=Black%20Hawk%20Down&dum=true&dstmp=1488283893799

Bibliography for PL2023 Politics and Power in Africa BETA