Bibliography for PL7501 Democracy and Legitimacy in the European Union (DL Mar 15) BETA

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Beetham, David and David Beetham and Christopher Lord. ‘Analysing Legitimacy in the EU’. Legitimacy and the EU. Political dynamics of the EU. London: Longman, 1998. Web. <http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10885876>.

Beetham, David and Lord, Christopher. Legitimacy and the EU. Political dynamics of the EU. London: Longman, 1998. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662444070002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.

Beetham, David, and Christopher Lord. Legitimacy and the EU. Political dynamics of the EU series. London: Longman, 1998. Web. <https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1713372>.

---. Legitimacy and the European Union. Florence: Taylor and Francis, 1998. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1713372>.

---. Legitimacy and the European Union. Political Dynamics of the European Union. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis, 2014. Web. <http://leicester.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1713372>.

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Bellamy, Richard, Dario Castiglione, and Jo Shaw. Making European Citizens: Civic Inclusion in a Transnational Context. One Europe or several? Basingtoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. Print.

Bernard Steunenberg, and Jason R. Koepke Nils Ringe. ‘The Second-Order Election Model in an Enlarged Europe’. 7 290–319. Web. <http://eup.sagepub.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/content/7/3.toc>.

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BLAVOUKOS, SPYROS, DIMITRIS BOURANTONIS, and GEORGE PAGOULATOS. ‘A President for the European Union: A New Actor in Town?’ JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 45.2 (2007): 231–252. Web.

Blondel, Jean, R. Sinnott, and Palle Svensson. People and Parliament in the European Union: Participation, Democracy, and Legitimacy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Print.

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Brug, Wouter van der, and C. van der Eijk. European Elections and Domestic Politics: Lessons from the Past and Scenarios for the Future. Contemporary European politics and society. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, 2007. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663970710002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.

---. European Elections and Domestic Politics: Lessons from the Past and Scenarios for the Future. Contemporary European politics and society. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, 2007. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663611080002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.

BURNS, CHARLOTTE. ‘Who Pays? Who Gains? How Do Costs and Benefits Shape the Policy Influence of the European Parliament?*’. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 43.3 (2005): 485–505. Web.

Christopher J. Anderson. ‘When in Doubt, Use Proxies: Attitudes toward Domestic Politics and Support for European Integration’. Comparative Political Studies 31.5 (1998): n. pag. Web. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A21204808&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=EAIM&sw=w&asid=f8d089b3783488a29a30e53881cf3e51>.

Cini, Michelle and Pérez-Solórzano Borragán, Nieves. European Union Politics. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Print.

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Clifford J. Carrubba. ‘The Electoral Connection in European Union Politics’. The Journal of Politics 63.1 (2001): 141–158. Web. <http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/2691896>.

COOPER, IAN. ‘The Watchdogs of Subsidiarity: National Parliaments and the Logic of Arguing in the EU*’. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 44.2 (2006): 281–304. Web.

Coultrap, J. ‘From Parliamentarism to Pluralism: Models of Democracy and the European Union’s `Democratic Deficit’’. Journal of Theoretical Politics 11.1 (1999): 107–135. Web.

---. ‘From Parliamentarism to Pluralism: Models of Democracy and the European Union’s `Democratic Deficit’’. Journal of Theoretical Politics 11.1 (1999): 107–135. Web.

Crombez, C. ‘The Democratic Deficit in the European Union: Much Ado about Nothing?’ European Union Politics 4.1 (2003): 101–120. Web.

Crum, Ben. ‘Tailoring Representative Democracy to the European Union: Does the European Constitution Reduce the Democratic Deficit?’ European Law Journal 11.4 (2005): 452–467. Web.

---. ‘Tailoring Representative Democracy to the European Union: Does the European Constitution Reduce the Democratic Deficit?’ European Law Journal 11.4 (2005): 452–467. Web.

---. ‘Tailoring Representative Democracy to the European Union: Does the European Constitution Reduce the Democratic Deficit?’ European Law Journal 11.4 (2005): 452–467. Web.

Dahl, Robert A. Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1989. Print.

de Vreese, C. H. et al. ‘The News Coverage of the 2004 European Parliamentary Election Campaign in 25 Countries’. European Union Politics 7.4 (2006): 477–504. Web.

de Vreese, Claes, and Mette Tobiasen. ‘Conflict and Identity: Explaining Turnout and Anti-Integrationist Voting in the Danish 2004 Elections for the European Parliament’. Scandinavian Political Studies 30.1 (2007): 87–114. Web.

Detlef Jahn,Ann-Sofie Storsved. ‘Legitimacy through Referendum? The Nearly Successful Domino-Strategy of the EU-Referendum in Austria, Finland, Sweden and Norway’. West European Politics 18.4 (1995): n. pag. Web. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A18075638&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=EAIM&sw=w&asid=6b9e900bd2c224d72b8eaa4769cc40a5>.

Dinan, Desmond. Europe Recast: A History of European Union. 2nd edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Print.

Erik Oddvar Eriksen and John Erik Fossum. ‘Europe in Search of Legitimacy: Strategies of Legitimation Assessed’. International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique 25.4 (2004): 435–459. Web. <http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/1601608?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents>.

et al, Cees van der Eijk. ‘What Voters Teach Us about Europe-Wide Elections: What Europe-Wide Elections Teach Us about Voters’. Electoral Studies (1996): n. pag. Web. <http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/science/article/pii/0261379496000091>.

‘EUR-Lex - 12012E/TXT - EN - EUR-Lex’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT>.

‘Eurobarometer’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm>.

‘EUROPA - Treaty of Lisbon - Full Text of the Treaty’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://ec.europa.eu/archives/lisbon_treaty/full_text/index_en.htm>.

‘EUROPA - Treaty of Lisbon - The Treaty at a Glance’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://ec.europa.eu/archives/lisbon_treaty/glance/index_en.htm>.

‘European Union Politics’. n. pag. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://journals.sagepub.com/loi/EUP>.

FARRELL, DAVID M., and ROGER SCULLY. ‘Electing the European Parliament: How Uniform Are “Uniform” Electoral Systems?*’. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 43.5 (2005): 969–984. Web.

Farrell, David M., and Roger Scully. ‘Electoral Reform and the British MEP’. The Journal of Legislative Studies 9.1 (2003): 14–36. Web.

---. Representing Europe’s Citizens?: Electoral Institutions and the Failure of Parliamentary Representation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print.

Fauvelle-Aymar, Christine, and Mary Stegmaier. ‘Economic and Political Effects on European Parliamentary Electoral Turnout in Post-Communist Europe’. Electoral Studies 27.4 (2008): 661–672. Web.

Ferrara, F. ‘Get Your Act Together: Party Performance in European Parliament Elections’. European Union Politics 5.3 (2004): 283–306. Web.

FOLLESDAL, ANDREAS, and SIMON HIX. ‘Why There Is a Democratic Deficit in the EU: A Response to Majone and Moravcsik’. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 44.3 (2006): 533–562. Web.

FORD, ROBERT, MATTHEW J. GOODWIN, and DAVID CUTTS. ‘Strategic Eurosceptics and Polite Xenophobes: Support for the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) in the 2009 European Parliament Elections’. European Journal of Political Research 51.2 (2012): 204–234. Web.

---. ‘Strategic Eurosceptics and Polite Xenophobes: Support for the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) in the 2009 European Parliament Elections’. European Journal of Political Research 51.2 (2012): 204–234. Web.

Franklin, M. N. ‘How Structural Factors Cause Turnout Variations at European Parliament Elections’. European Union Politics 2.3 (2001): 309–328. Web.

FRANKLIN, MARK, MICHAEL MARSH, and LAUREN McLAREN. ‘Uncorking the Bottle: Popular Opposition to European Unification in the Wake of Maastricht’. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 32.4 (1994): 455–472. Web.

Franklin, Mark N., and Sara B. Hobolt. ‘The Legacy of Lethargy: How Elections to the European Parliament Depress Turnout’. Electoral Studies 30.1 (2011): 67–76. Web.

Freedman, J. ‘Women in the European Parliament’. Parliamentary Affairs 55.1 (2002): 179–188. Web.

G Majone. ‘Europe’s “Democratic Deficit”: The Question of Standards’. (1998): n. pag. Web. <http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=3252274&site=ehost-live>.

Gail McElroy. ‘Committees and Party Cohesion in the European Parliament’. 2001. Web. <http://www.lse.ac.uk/government/research/resgroups/EPRG/EPRGworkingPapers.aspx>.

Garry, J. ‘Emotions and Voting in EU Referendums’. European Union Politics 15.2 (2014): 235–254. Web.

---. ‘“Second-Order” versus “Issue-Voting”        Effects in EU Referendums: Evidence from the Irish Nice Treaty Referendums’. European Union Politics 6.2 (2005): 201–221. Web.

Gary Marks, Carole J. Wilson and Leonard Ray. ‘National Political Parties and European Integration’. American Journal of Political Science 46.3 (2002): 585–594. Web. <http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/3088401>.

Häge, Frank M. ‘The Division of Labour in Legislative Decision-Making of the Council of the European Union’. The Journal of Legislative Studies 13.4 (2007): 497–516. Web.

HAGEMANN, SARA, and BJØRN HØYLAND. ‘Bicameral Politics in the European Union’. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 48.4 (2010): 811–833. Web.

Hainsworth, P. ‘France Says No: The 29 May 2005 Referendum on the European Constitution’. Parliamentary Affairs 59.1 (2005): 98–117. Web.

Hakhverdian, A. et al. ‘Euroscepticism and Education: A Longitudinal Study of 12 EU Member States, 1973-2010’. European Union Politics 14.4 (2013): 522–541. Web.

Harmsen, Robert, and M. Spiering. Euroscepticism: Party Politics, National Identity and European Integration. European studies. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2004. Print.

HAYES-RENSHAW, FIONA, WIM VAN AKEN, and HELEN WALLACE. ‘When and Why the EU Council of Ministers Votes Explicitly*’. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 44.1 (2006): 161–194. Web.

Hayes‐Renshaw, Fiona, and Helen Wallace. ‘Executive Power in the European Union: The Functions and Limits of the Council of Ministers*’. Journal of European Public Policy 2.4 (1995): 559–582. Web.

Hayes-Renshaw, Fiona, and Helen Wallace. The Council of Ministers. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2006. Print.

Heritier, Adrienne. ‘Elements of Democratic Legitimation in Europe: An Alternative Perspective’. Journal of European Public Policy 6.2 (1999): 269–282. Web.

Hix, Simon. ‘Elections, Parties and Institutional Design: A Comparative Perspective on European Union Democracy’. West European Politics 21.3 (1998): 19–52. Web.

---. ‘Elections, Parties and Institutional Design: A Comparative Perspective on European Union Democracy’. West European Politics 21.3 (1998): 19–52. Web.

---. ‘Legislative Behaviour and Party Competition in the European Parliament: An Application of Nominate to the EU’. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 39.4 (2001): 663–688. Web.

---. The Political System of the European Union. 2nd ed. European Union series. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2005. Print.

---. ‘The Study of the European Union II: The “New Governance” Agenda and Its Rival’. Journal of European Public Policy 5.1 (1998): 38–65. Web.

---. What’s Wrong with the European Union and How to Fix It. Cambridge: Polity, 2008. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664157800002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.

Hix, Simon and Bjorn, Hoyland and Hix, Simon. ‘Chapter 5: “Public Opinion”’. The Political System of the European Union. 3rd ed. European Union series. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2011. Print.

Hix, Simon and Hoyland, Bjorn. The Political System of the European Union. 3rd ed. European Union series. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4763992>.

---. The Political System of the European Union. 3rd ed. European Union series. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4763992>.

Hix, Simon, and Bjorn Hoyland. The Political System of the European Union. 3rd ed. European Union series. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Print.

---. The Political System of the European Union. 3rd ed. European Union series. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Print.

Hix, Simon, and Christopher Lord. Political Parties in the European Union. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997. Print.

Hix, Simon, and Michael Marsh. ‘Second-Order Effects plus Pan-European Political Swings: An Analysis of European Parliament Elections across Time’. Electoral Studies 30.1 (2011): 4–15. Web.

Hix, Simon, Abdul Noury, and Gérard Roland. Democratic Politics in the European Parliament. Themes in European governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print.

---. Democratic Politics in the European Parliament. Themes in European governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print.

HIX, SIMON, ABDUL NOURY, and GÉRARD ROLAND. ‘Power to the Parties: Cohesion and Competition in the European Parliament, 1979–2001’. British Journal of Political Science 35.2 (2005): 209–234. Web.

Hobolt, Sara B. ‘A Vote for the President? The Role of Spitzenkandidaten in the 2014 European Parliament Elections’. Journal of European Public Policy 21.10 (2014): 1528–1540. Web.

Hobolt, Sara Binzer. ‘Direct Democracy and European Integration’. Journal of European Public Policy 13.1 (2006): 153–166. Web.

HOBOLT, SARA BINZER. ‘Taking Cues on Europe? Voter Competence and Party Endorsements in Referendums on European Integration’. European Journal of Political Research 46.2 (2007): 151–182. Web.

---. ‘When Europe Matters: The Impact of Political Information on Voting Behaviour in EU Referendums’. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties 15.1 (2005): 85–109. Web.

Hobolt, Sara Binzer, and James Robert Tilley. Blaming Europe?: Responsibility without Accountability in the European Union. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. Print.

Hooghe, L. ‘Calculation, Community and Cues: Public Opinion on European Integration’. European Union Politics 6.4 (2005): 419–443. Web.

Hooghe, L., G. Marks, and C. J. Wilson. ‘Does Left/Right Structure Party Positions on European Integration?’ Comparative Political Studies 35.8 (2002): 965–989. Web.

Horeth, Marcus. ‘No Way out for the Beast? The Unsolved Legitimacy Problem of European Governance’. Journal of European Public Policy 6.2 (1999): 249–268. Web.

HOSLI, MADELEINE O., MIKKO MATTILA, and MARC URIOT. ‘Voting in the Council of the European Union after the 2004 Enlargement: A Comparison of Old and New Member States’. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 49.6 (2011): 1249–1270. Web.

Hosli, Madeleine o. ‘Coallitions and Power: Effects of Qualified Majority Voting in the Council of the European Union’. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 34.2 (1996): 255–273. Web.

Inglehart, Ronald. ‘Long Term Trends in Mass Support for European Unification’. Government and Opposition 12.2 (1977): 150–177. Web.

Ivaldi, Gilles. ‘Beyond France’s 2005 Referendum on the European Constitutional Treaty: Second-Order Model, Anti-Establishment Attitudes and the End of the Alternative European Utopia’. West European Politics 29.1 (2006): 47–69. Web.

Jabko, Nicolas, Craig Parsons, and European Union Studies Association. The State of the European Union: European Trends in American Perspective, Vol.7: With US or against US? State of the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Print.

---. The State of the European Union: European Trends in American Perspective, Vol.7: With US or against US? State of the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Print.

Jae-Jae Spoon, Sara Hobolt. ‘A Vote Against Europe? Explaining Defection at the 1999 and 2004 European Parliament Elections’. n. pag. Web. <http://journals.cambridge.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/action/displayFulltext?type=6&fid=2794320&jid=JPS&volumeId=39&issueId=01&aid=2794316&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0007123408000422>.

‘JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies’. n. pag. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1468-5965>.

Jeremy Richardson. Constructing a Policy-Making State?: Policy Dynamics in the EU. OUP Oxford (20 Sept. 2012). Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=395194>.

John McCormick. European Union Politics. 2nd ed. N.p., 2015. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4762610>.

Jolly, Mette. The European Union and the People. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=114916>.

Jørgensen, Knud Erik, Mark A. Pollack, and Ben Rosamond. Handbook of European Union Politics. London: SAGE, 2006. Web. <http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10501945>.

---. Handbook of European Union Politics. London: SAGE, 2006. Web. <http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10501945>.

---. Handbook of European Union Politics. London: Sage, 2006. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664153290002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.

---. Handbook of European Union Politics. London: Sage, 2006. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664317650002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.

---. Handbook of European Union Politics. London: Sage, 2006. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664081560002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.

---. Handbook of European Union Politics. London: Sage, 2006. Web. <http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664138900002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745>.

Joseph I. H. Janssen. ‘Postmaterialism, Cognitive Mobilization and Public Support for European Integration’. British Journal of Political Science 21.4 (1991): 443–468. Web. <http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/193771?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents>.

‘Journal of European Integration - Volume 34, Issue 7, Special Issue on the Maastricht Treaty after 20 Years’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/geui20/34/7>.

‘Journal of European Public Policy’. n. pag. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rjpp20>.

Juan J. Linz. ‘The Perils of Presidentialism’. N.p., 1990. Web. <http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/journal_of_democracy/toc/jod1.1.html>.

Judge, David and David Judge and David Earnshaw. ‘Chapter 4: Linkage, Representation and MEPs’. The European Parliament. 2nd ed. The European Union series. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Print.

Judge, David, and David Earnshaw. The European Parliament. 2nd ed. The European Union series. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Print.

Karp, J. A., S. A. Banducci, and S. Bowler. ‘To Know It Is to Love It?: Satisfaction with Democracy in the European Union’. Comparative Political Studies 36.3 (2003): 271–292. Web.

Katz, Richard S., and Bernhard Wessels. The European Parliament, the National Parliaments, and European Integration. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Print.

Kopecky, P., and C. Mudde. ‘The Two Sides of Euroscepticism: Party Positions on European Integration in East Central Europe’. European Union Politics 3.3 (2002): 297–326. Web.

Kousser, T. ‘Retrospective Voting and Strategic Behavior in European Parliament Elections’. Electoral Studies 23.1 (2004): 1–21. Web.

KREPPEL, A., and G. TSEBELIS. ‘Coalition Formation in the European Parliament’. Comparative Political Studies 32.8 (1999): 933–966. Web.

Kreppel, Amie. The European Parliament and Supranational Party System: A Study in Institutional Development. Cambridge studies in comparative politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10006799>.

Lauren M. McLaren. ‘Public Support for the European Union: Cost/Benefit Analysis or Perceived Cultural Threat?’ The Journal of Politics 64.2 (2002): 551–566. Web. <http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/2691861>.

Leconte, Cécile. Understanding Euroscepticism. European Union series. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4763415>.

Lelieveldt, Herman and Princen, Sebastiaan. The Politics of the European Union. Cambridge textbooks in comparative politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5120109>.

---. The Politics of the European Union. Cambridge textbooks in comparative politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5120109>.

---. The Politics of the European Union. Cambridge textbooks in comparative politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=319329>.

Leuffen, Dirk, Rittberger, Berthold, and Schimmelfennig, Frank. Differentiated Integration: Explaining Variation in the European Union. The European Union series. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Print.

Liesbet Hooghe, and Ben Crum. ‘Party Stances in the Referendums on the EU Constitution: Causes and Consequences of Competition and Collusion’. 8 5–12. Web. <http://eup.sagepub.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/content/8/1.toc>.

Lijphart, Arend. ‘Chapter 1: The Westminster Model of Democracy’. Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1984. Print.

Lijphart, Arend. Parliamentary versus Presidential Government. Oxford readings in politics and government. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Print.

---. Patterns of Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012. Web. <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3421026>.

---. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. 2nd ed. New Haven, [Conn.]: Yale University Press, 2012. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com/detail.asp?id=385836>.

Lodge, Juliet. The 2009 Elections to the European Parliament. EU election studies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.palgraveconnect.com/doifinder/10.1057/9780230297272>.

Lord, Christopher. A Democratic Audit of the European Union. One Europe or several? Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=112247>.

Lord, Christopher. A Democratic Audit of the European Union. One Europe or several? Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=112247>.

---. A Democratic Audit of the European Union. One Europe or several? Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=112247>.

Lord, Christopher. ‘Assessing Democracy in a Contested Polity.’ Assessing Democracy in a Contested Polity. 39.4 (2001): n. pag. Web. <http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=5315658&site=ehost-live>.

---. ‘Chapter 3: Accountability’. Democracy in the European Union. Contemporary European studies. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998. Print.

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