[1]
et al, C. van der E. 1996. What voters teach us about Europe-Wide elections: What Europe-Wide elections teach us about voters. Electoral Studies. (1996). DOI:https://doi.org/0261-3794(96)00009-1.
[2]
Alfred Stepan and Cindy Skach 1993. Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation: Parliamentarianism versus Presidentialism. World Politics. 46, 1 (1993), 1–22.
[3]
Andreas Schuck et al. 2011. Party contestation and Europe on the news agenda: The 2009 European Parliamentary Elections. Electoral Studies. 30, 1 (Mar. 2011), 41–52. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2010.09.021.
[4]
Andrew Moravcsik 1991. Negotiating the Single European Act: National Interests and Conventional Statecraft in the European Community. International Organization. 45, 1 (1991), 19–56.
[5]
Bache, I. et al. 2014. Politics in the European Union. Oxford University Press.
[6]
Bache, I. et al. 2014. Politics in the European Union. Oxford University Press.
[7]
Beetham, D. and Lord, C. 1998. Legitimacy and the EU. Longman.
[8]
Beetham, D. and Lord, C. 1998. Legitimacy and the European Union. Taylor and Francis.
[9]
Beetham, D. and Lord, C. 2014. Legitimacy and the European Union. Taylor and Francis.
[10]
Beetham, David and David Beetham and Christopher Lord 1998. Analysing legitimacy in the EU. Legitimacy and the EU. Longman.
[11]
Beetham, David and Lord, Christopher 1998. Legitimacy and the EU. Longman.
[12]
Bellamy, R. et al. 2006. Making European citizens: civic inclusion in a transnational context. Palgrave Macmillan.
[13]
Bellamy, Richard and A. Connolly, S. Day & J. Shaw 2006. The contested case of EU electoral rights. Making European citizens: civic inclusion in a transnational context. Palgrave Macmillan.
[14]
Bernard Steunenberg and Nils Ringe, J.R.K. The Second-order Election Model in an Enlarged Europe. 7, 290–319.
[15]
Bill Cash’s European Journal | The official blog of the European Foundation: http://www.europeanfoundation.org/.
[16]
Bjørn Høyland, S.B.H. 2011. ‘Selection and Sanctioning in European Parliamentary Elections. (2011).
[17]
BLAVOUKOS, S. et al. 2007. A President for the European Union: A New Actor in Town? JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 45, 2 (Jun. 2007), 231–252. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2007.00710.x.
[18]
Blondel, J. et al. 1998. People and Parliament in the European Union: participation, democracy, and legitimacy. Clarendon Press.
[19]
Bogaards, M. and Crepaz, M.M.L. 2002. Consociational Interpretations of the European Union. European Union Politics. 3, 3 (Sep. 2002), 357–381. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116502003003004.
[20]
Boomgaarden, H.G. et al. 2011. Mapping EU attitudes: Conceptual and empirical dimensions of Euroscepticism and EU support. European Union Politics. 12, 2 (Jun. 2011), 241–266. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116510395411.
[21]
Brug, W. van der and Eijk, C. van der 2007. European elections and domestic politics: lessons from the past and scenarios for the future. University of Notre Dame Press.
[22]
Brug, W. van der and Eijk, C. van der 2007. European elections and domestic politics: lessons from the past and scenarios for the future. University of Notre Dame Press.
[23]
BURNS, C. 2005. Who Pays? Who Gains? How do Costs and Benefits Shape the Policy Influence of the European Parliament?*. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 43, 3 (Sep. 2005), 485–505. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9886.2005.00566.x.
[24]
Christopher J. Anderson 1998. When in doubt, use proxies: attitudes toward domestic politics and support for European integration. Comparative Political Studies. 31, 5 (1998).
[25]
Cini, Michelle and Pérez-Solórzano Borragán, Nieves 2013. European Union politics. Oxford University Press.
[26]
Cini, Michelle and Pérez-Solórzano Borragán, Nieves 2013. European Union politics. Oxford University Press.
[27]
Clifford J. Carrubba 2001. The Electoral Connection in European Union Politics. The Journal of Politics. 63, 1 (2001), 141–158.
[28]
COOPER, I. 2006. The Watchdogs of Subsidiarity: National Parliaments and the Logic of Arguing in the EU*. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 44, 2 (Jun. 2006), 281–304. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2006.00623.x.
[29]
Coultrap, J. 1999. From Parliamentarism to Pluralism: Models of Democracy and the European Union’s `Democratic Deficit’. Journal of Theoretical Politics. 11, 1 (Jan. 1999), 107–135. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0951692899011001005.
[30]
Coultrap, J. 1999. From Parliamentarism to Pluralism: Models of Democracy and the European Union’s `Democratic Deficit’. Journal of Theoretical Politics. 11, 1 (Jan. 1999), 107–135. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0951692899011001005.
[31]
Crombez, C. 2003. The Democratic Deficit in the European Union: Much Ado about Nothing? European Union Politics. 4, 1 (Mar. 2003), 101–120. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116503004001583.
[32]
Crum, B. 2005. Tailoring Representative Democracy to the European Union: Does the European Constitution Reduce the Democratic Deficit? European Law Journal. 11, 4 (Jul. 2005), 452–467. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2005.00270.x.
[33]
Crum, B. 2005. Tailoring Representative Democracy to the European Union: Does the European Constitution Reduce the Democratic Deficit? European Law Journal. 11, 4 (Jul. 2005), 452–467. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2005.00270.x.
[34]
Crum, B. 2005. Tailoring Representative Democracy to the European Union: Does the European Constitution Reduce the Democratic Deficit? European Law Journal. 11, 4 (Jul. 2005), 452–467. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2005.00270.x.
[35]
Dahl, R.A. 1989. Democracy and its critics. Yale University Press.
[36]
Detlef Jahn,Ann-Sofie Storsved 1995. Legitimacy through referendum? The nearly successful domino-strategy of the EU-referendum in Austria, Finland, Sweden and Norway. West European Politics. 18, 4 (1995).
[37]
Dinan, D. 2014. Europe recast: a history of European Union. Palgrave Macmillan.
[38]
Erik Oddvar Eriksen and John Erik Fossum 2004. Europe in Search of Legitimacy: Strategies of Legitimation Assessed. International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique. 25, 4 (2004), 435–459.
[39]
EUR-Lex - 12012E/TXT - EN - EUR-Lex: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT.
[40]
Eurobarometer: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm.
[41]
EUROPA - Treaty of Lisbon - Full text of the Treaty: http://ec.europa.eu/archives/lisbon_treaty/full_text/index_en.htm.
[42]
EUROPA - Treaty of Lisbon - The Treaty at a glance: http://ec.europa.eu/archives/lisbon_treaty/glance/index_en.htm.
[43]
Executive Selection in the European Union: Does the Commission President Investiture Procedure Reduce the Democratic Deficit? 1997. http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/1997-021.htm.
[44]
FARRELL, D.M. and SCULLY, R. 2005. Electing the European Parliament: How Uniform are ‘Uniform’ Electoral Systems?*. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 43, 5 (Dec. 2005), 969–984. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2005.00604.x.
[45]
Farrell, D.M. and Scully, R. 2003. Electoral reform and the British MEP. The Journal of Legislative Studies. 9, 1 (Mar. 2003), 14–36. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13523270300660002.
[46]
Farrell, D.M. and Scully, R. 2007. Representing Europe’s citizens?: electoral institutions and the failure of parliamentary representation. Oxford University Press.
[47]
Fauvelle-Aymar, C. and Stegmaier, M. 2008. Economic and political effects on European Parliamentary electoral turnout in post-communist Europe. Electoral Studies. 27, 4 (Dec. 2008), 661–672. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2008.05.008.
[48]
Ferrara, F. 2004. Get your Act Together: Party Performance in European Parliament Elections. European Union Politics. 5, 3 (Sep. 2004), 283–306. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116504045154.
[49]
FOLLESDAL, A. and HIX, S. 2006. Why There is a Democratic Deficit in the EU: A Response to Majone and Moravcsik. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 44, 3 (Sep. 2006), 533–562. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2006.00650.x.
[50]
FORD, R. et al. 2012. Strategic Eurosceptics and polite xenophobes: Support for the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) in the 2009 European Parliament elections. European Journal of Political Research. 51, 2 (Mar. 2012), 204–234. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2011.01994.x.
[51]
FORD, R. et al. 2012. Strategic Eurosceptics and polite xenophobes: Support for the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) in the 2009 European Parliament elections. European Journal of Political Research. 51, 2 (Mar. 2012), 204–234. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2011.01994.x.
[52]
FRANKLIN, M. et al. 1994. Uncorking the Bottle: Popular Opposition to European Unification in the Wake of Maastricht. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 32, 4 (Dec. 1994), 455–472. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.1994.tb00509.x.
[53]
Franklin, M.N. 2001. How Structural Factors Cause Turnout Variations at European Parliament Elections. European Union Politics. 2, 3 (Oct. 2001), 309–328. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116501002003003.
[54]
Franklin, M.N. and Hobolt, S.B. 2011. The legacy of lethargy: How elections to the European Parliament depress turnout. Electoral Studies. 30, 1 (Mar. 2011), 67–76. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2010.09.019.
[55]
Freedman, J. 2002. Women in the European Parliament. Parliamentary Affairs. 55, 1 (Jan. 2002), 179–188. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/parlij/55.1.179.
[56]
G Majone 1998. Europe’s ‘Democratic Deficit’: The Question of Standards. (1998).
[57]
Gail McElroy 2001. Committees and Party Cohesion in the European Parliament.
[58]
Garry, J. 2014. Emotions and voting in EU referendums. European Union Politics. 15, 2 (Jun. 2014), 235–254. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116513514780.
[59]
Garry, J. 2005. ‘Second-order’ versus ‘Issue-voting’        Effects in EU Referendums: Evidence from the Irish Nice Treaty Referendums. European Union Politics. 6, 2 (Jun. 2005), 201–221. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116505051983.
[60]
Gary Marks, Carole J. Wilson and Leonard Ray 2002. National Political Parties and European Integration. American Journal of Political Science. 46, 3 (2002), 585–594.
[61]
Häge, F.M. 2007. The Division of Labour in Legislative Decision-Making of the Council of the European Union. The Journal of Legislative Studies. 13, 4 (Dec. 2007), 497–516. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13572330701663595.
[62]
HAGEMANN, S. and HØYLAND, B. 2010. Bicameral Politics in the European Union. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 48, 4 (Aug. 2010), 811–833. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2010.02075.x.
[63]
Hainsworth, P. 2005. France Says No: The 29 May 2005 Referendum on the European Constitution. Parliamentary Affairs. 59, 1 (Nov. 2005), 98–117. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsj015.
[64]
Hakhverdian, A. et al. 2013. Euroscepticism and education: A longitudinal study of 12 EU member states, 1973-2010. European Union Politics. 14, 4 (Dec. 2013), 522–541. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116513489779.
[65]
Harmsen, R. and Spiering, M. 2004. Euroscepticism: party politics, national identity and European integration. Rodopi.
[66]
HAYES-RENSHAW, F. et al. 2006. When and Why the EU Council of Ministers Votes Explicitly*. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 44, 1 (Mar. 2006), 161–194. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2006.00618.x.
[67]
Hayes‐Renshaw, F. and Wallace, H. 1995. Executive power in the European Union: The functions and limits of the Council of Ministers*. Journal of European Public Policy. 2, 4 (Dec. 1995), 559–582. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501769508407007.
[68]
Hayes-Renshaw, F. and Wallace, H. 2006. The Council of Ministers. Macmillan.
[69]
Heritier, A. 1999. Elements of democratic legitimation in Europe: an alternative perspective. Journal of European Public Policy. 6, 2 (Jan. 1999), 269–282. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/135017699343711.
[70]
Hix, S. et al. 2007. Democratic politics in the European Parliament. Cambridge University Press.
[71]
Hix, S. et al. 2007. Democratic politics in the European Parliament. Cambridge University Press.
[72]
Hix, S. 1998. Elections, parties and institutional design: A comparative perspective on European Union democracy. West European Politics. 21, 3 (Jul. 1998), 19–52. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/01402389808425256.
[73]
Hix, S. 1998. Elections, parties and institutional design: A comparative perspective on European Union democracy. West European Politics. 21, 3 (Jul. 1998), 19–52. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/01402389808425256.
[74]
Hix, S. 2001. Legislative Behaviour and Party Competition in the European Parliament: An Application of Nominate to the EU. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 39, 4 (Nov. 2001), 663–688. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00326.
[75]
HIX, S. et al. 2005. Power to the Parties: Cohesion and Competition in the European Parliament, 1979–2001. British Journal of Political Science. 35, 2 (Apr. 2005), 209–234. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123405000128.
[76]
Hix, S. 2005. The political system of the European Union. Macmillan.
[77]
Hix, S. 1998. The study of the European Union II: the ‘new governance’ agenda and its rival. Journal of European Public Policy. 5, 1 (Mar. 1998), 38–65. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501768880000031.
[78]
Hix, S. 2008. What’s wrong with the European Union and how to fix it. Polity.
[79]
Hix, S. and Hoyland, B. 2011. The political system of the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan.
[80]
Hix, S. and Hoyland, B. 2011. The political system of the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan.
[81]
Hix, S. and Lord, C. 1997. Political parties in the European Union. Macmillan.
[82]
Hix, S. and Marsh, M. 2011. Second-order effects plus pan-European political swings: An analysis of European Parliament elections across time. Electoral Studies. 30, 1 (Mar. 2011), 4–15. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2010.09.017.
[83]
Hix, Simon and Bjorn, Hoyland and Hix, Simon 2011. Chapter 5: ‘Public Opinion’. The political system of the European Union. Macmillan.
[84]
Hix, Simon and Hoyland, Bjorn 2011. The political system of the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan.
[85]
Hix, Simon and Hoyland, Bjorn 2011. The political system of the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan.
[86]
Hobolt, S.B. 2014. A vote for the President? The role of Spitzenkandidaten in the 2014 European Parliament elections. Journal of European Public Policy. 21, 10 (Nov. 2014), 1528–1540. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2014.941148.
[87]
Hobolt, S.B. 2006. Direct democracy and European integration. Journal of European Public Policy. 13, 1 (Jan. 2006), 153–166. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760500380825.
[88]
HOBOLT, S.B. 2007. Taking Cues on Europe? Voter competence and party endorsements in referendums on European integration. European Journal of Political Research. 46, 2 (Mar. 2007), 151–182. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00688.x.
[89]
HOBOLT, S.B. 2005. When Europe matters: The impact of political information on voting behaviour in EU referendums. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 15, 1 (Apr. 2005), 85–109. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13689880500064635.
[90]
Hobolt, S.B. and Tilley, J.R. 2014. Blaming Europe?: responsibility without accountability in the European Union. Oxford University Press.
[91]
Hooghe, L. 2005. Calculation, Community and Cues: Public Opinion on European Integration. European Union Politics. 6, 4 (Dec. 2005), 419–443. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116505057816.
[92]
Hooghe, L. et al. 2002. Does Left/Right Structure Party Positions on European Integration? Comparative Political Studies. 35, 8 (Oct. 2002), 965–989. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/001041402236310.
[93]
Horeth, M. 1999. No way out for the beast? The unsolved legitimacy problem of European governance. Journal of European Public Policy. 6, 2 (Jan. 1999), 249–268. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/135017699343702.
[94]
Hosli, M. o. 1996. Coallitions and Power: Effects of Qualified Majority Voting in the Council of the European Union. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 34, 2 (Jun. 1996), 255–273. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.1996.tb00571.x.
[95]
HOSLI, M.O. et al. 2011. Voting in the Council of the European Union after the 2004 Enlargement: A Comparison of Old and New Member States. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 49, 6 (Nov. 2011), 1249–1270. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2011.02196.x.
[96]
Inglehart, R. 1977. Long Term Trends in Mass Support for European Unification. Government and Opposition. 12, 2 (Apr. 1977), 150–177. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1977.tb00529.x.
[97]
Ivaldi, G. 2006. Beyond France’s 2005 referendum on the European constitutional treaty: Second-order model, anti-establishment attitudes and the end of the alternative European utopia. West European Politics. 29, 1 (Jan. 2006), 47–69. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380500389232.
[98]
Jabko, N. et al. 2005. The state of the European Union: European trends in American perspective, Vol.7: With US or against US?. Oxford University Press.
[99]
Jabko, N. et al. 2005. The state of the European Union: European trends in American perspective, Vol.7: With US or against US?. Oxford University Press.
[100]
Jae-Jae Spoon, S.H. A Vote Against Europe? Explaining Defection at the 1999 and 2004 European Parliament Elections.
[101]
Jeremy Richardson Constructing a Policy-Making State?: Policy Dynamics in the EU. OUP Oxford (20 Sept. 2012).
[102]
John McCormick 2015. European Union Politics.
[103]
Jolly, M. 2007. The European Union and the people. Oxford University Press.
[104]
Jørgensen, K.E. et al. 2006. Handbook of European Union politics. SAGE.
[105]
Jørgensen, K.E. et al. 2006. Handbook of European Union politics. SAGE.
[106]
Jørgensen, K.E. et al. 2006. Handbook of European Union Politics. Sage.
[107]
Jørgensen, K.E. et al. 2006. Handbook of European Union Politics. Sage.
[108]
Jørgensen, K.E. et al. 2006. Handbook of European Union Politics. Sage.
[109]
Jørgensen, K.E. et al. 2006. Handbook of European Union Politics. Sage.
[110]
Joseph I. H. Janssen 1991. Postmaterialism, Cognitive Mobilization and Public Support for European Integration. British Journal of Political Science. 21, 4 (1991), 443–468.
[111]
Journal of European Integration - Volume 34, Issue 7, special issue on the Maastricht Treaty after 20 years: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/geui20/34/7.
[112]
Judge, D. and Earnshaw, D. 2008. The European Parliament. Palgrave Macmillan.
[113]
Judge, David and David Judge and David Earnshaw 2008. Chapter 4: Linkage, representation and MEPs. The European Parliament. Palgrave Macmillan.
[114]
Karp, J.A. et al. 2003. To Know it is to Love it?: Satisfaction with Democracy in the European Union. Comparative Political Studies. 36, 3 (Apr. 2003), 271–292. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414002250669.
[115]
Katz, R.S. and Wessels, B. 1999. The European Parliament, the national parliaments, and European integration. Oxford University Press.
[116]
Kopecky, P. and Mudde, C. 2002. The Two Sides of Euroscepticism: Party Positions on European Integration in East Central Europe. European Union Politics. 3, 3 (Sep. 2002), 297–326. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116502003003002.
[117]
Kousser, T. 2004. Retrospective voting and strategic behavior in European Parliament elections. Electoral Studies. 23, 1 (Mar. 2004), 1–21. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(02)00030-6.
[118]
Kreppel, A. 2002. The European Parliament and Supranational Party System: a study in institutional development. Cambridge University Press.
[119]
KREPPEL, A. and TSEBELIS, G. 1999. Coalition Formation in the European Parliament. Comparative Political Studies. 32, 8 (Dec. 1999), 933–966. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414099032008002.
[120]
Lauren M. McLaren 2002. Public Support for the European Union: Cost/Benefit Analysis or Perceived Cultural Threat? The Journal of Politics. 64, 2 (2002), 551–566.
[121]
Leconte, C. 2010. Understanding Euroscepticism. Palgrave Macmillan.
[122]
Lelieveldt, Herman and Princen, Sebastiaan 2011. The politics of the European Union. Cambridge University Press.
[123]
Lelieveldt, Herman and Princen, Sebastiaan 2011. The politics of the European Union. Cambridge University Press.
[124]
Lelieveldt, Herman and Princen, Sebastiaan 2011. The politics of the European Union. Cambridge University Press.
[125]
Leuffen, Dirk et al. 2013. Differentiated integration: explaining variation in the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan.
[126]
Liesbet Hooghe and Ben Crum Party Stances in the Referendums on the EU Constitution: Causes and Consequences of Competition and Collusion. 8, 5–12.
[127]
Lijphart, A. 1992. Parliamentary versus presidential government. Oxford University Press.
[128]
Lijphart, A. 2012. Patterns of Democracy. Yale University Press.
[129]
Lijphart, A. 2012. Patterns of democracy: government forms and performance in thirty-six countries. Yale University Press.
[130]
Lijphart, Arend 1984. Chapter 1: The Westminster Model of Democracy. Democracies: patterns of majoritarian and consensus government in twenty-one countries. Yale University Press.
[131]
Lodge, J. 2010. The 2009 elections to the European Parliament. Palgrave Macmillan.
[132]
Lord, C. 2004. A democratic audit of the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan.
[133]
Lord, C. 2004. A democratic audit of the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan.
[134]
Lord, C. 1998. Democracy in the European Union. Sheffield Academic Press.
[135]
Lord, Christopher 2004. A democratic audit of the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan.
[136]
Lord, Christopher 2001. Assessing Democracy in a Contested Polity. Assessing Democracy in a Contested Polity. 39, 4 (2001).
[137]
Lord, Christopher 1998. Chapter 3: Accountability. Democracy in the European Union. Sheffield Academic Press.
[138]
Lubbers, M. 2008. Regarding the Dutch `Nee’ to the European Constitution: A Test of the Identity, Utilitarian and Political Approaches to Voting `No’. European Union Politics. 9, 1 (Mar. 2008), 59–86. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116507085957.
[139]
Lubbers, M. and Jaspers, E. 2011. A longitudinal study of euroscepticism in the Netherlands: 2008 versus 1990. European Union Politics. 12, 1 (Mar. 2011), 21–40. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116510390062.
[140]
Lynch, P. et al. 2012. The UK Independence Party: Understanding a Niche Party’s Strategy, Candidates and Supporters. Parliamentary Affairs. 65, 4 (Oct. 2012), 733–757. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsr042.
[141]
Majone, G. 2014. From Regulatory State to a Democratic Default. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 52, 6 (Nov. 2014), 1216–1223. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12190.
[142]
Marcussen, M. and Zolner, M. 2001. The Danish EMU Referendum 2000: Business as Usual. Government and Opposition. 36, 3 (Jul. 2001), 379–402. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.00071.
[143]
MARSH, MICHAEL 2000. Testing the Second-Order Election Model after Four European Elections. British Journal of Political Science. 28, 04 (2000), 591–607.
[144]
Matthew Gabel 1998. Public Support for European Integration: An Empirical Test of Five Theories. The Journal of Politics. 60, 2 (1998), 333–354.
[145]
Mattila, M. 2004. Contested decisions: Empirical analysis of voting in the European Union Council of Ministers. European Journal of Political Research. 43, 1 (Jan. 2004), 29–50. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2004.00144.x.
[146]
MATTILA, M. 2009. Roll call analysis of voting in the European Union Council of Ministers after the 2004 enlargement. European Journal of Political Research. 48, 6 (Oct. 2009), 840–857. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2009.01850.x.
[147]
Mattila, M. 2003. Why bother? Determinants of turnout in the European elections. Electoral Studies. 22, 3 (Sep. 2003), 449–468. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(01)00054-3.
[148]
Mattila, M. and Lane, J.-E. 2001. Why Unanimity in the Council?: A Roll Call Analysis of Council Voting. European Union Politics. 2, 1 (Feb. 2001), 31–52. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116501002001002.
[149]
Mattila, M. and Raunio, T. 2006. Cautious Voters -Supportive Parties: Opinion Congruence between Voters and Parties on the EU Dimension. European Union Politics. 7, 4 (Dec. 2006), 427–449. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116506069434.
[150]
McCormick, J. 2015. European Union politics. Macmillan Education/Palgrave.
[151]
McLaren, Lauren M. 2006. Identity, interests, and attitudes to European integration. Palgrave Macmillan.
[152]
Menon, A. and Schain, M. 2006. Comparative federalism: the European Union and the United States in comparative perspective. Oxford University Press.
[153]
Moravcsik, A. 2002. Reassessing Legitimacy in the European Union. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 40, 4 (Nov. 2002), 603–624. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00390.
[154]
Niedermayer, Oskar and S. Duchesne & A-P Frognier 1995. Is there a European identity? Public opinion and internationalized governance. Oxford University Press.
[155]
Nugent, Neill 2010. The government and politics of the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan.
[156]
Nugent, Neill 2010. The government and politics of the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan.
[157]
O’Brennan, J. and Raunio, T. 2007. National parliaments within the enlarged European Union: from victims of integration to competitive actors?. Routledge.
[158]
Pennings, P. 2006. An Empirical Analysis of the Europeanization of National Party Manifestos, 1960-2003. European Union Politics. 7, 2 (Jun. 2006), 257–270. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116506063716.
[159]
Peterson, J. and Shackleton, M. 2006. The institutions of the European Union. Oxford University Press.
[160]
Peterson, John and Shackleton, Michael 2006. The institutions of the European Union. Oxford University Press.
[161]
Piris, J.-C. 2010. The Lisbon Treaty: a legal and political analysis. Cambridge University Press.
[162]
Pitkin, H.F. 1967. The concept of representation. University of California Press.
[163]
Raunio, T. and Hix, S. 2000. Backbenchers learn to fight back: European integration and parliamentary government. West European Politics. 23, 4 (Oct. 2000), 142–168. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380008425404.
[164]
REIF, K. and SCHMITT, H. 1980. NINE SECOND-ORDER NATIONAL ELECTIONS - A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN ELECTION RESULTS. European Journal of Political Research. 8, 1 (Mar. 1980), 3–44. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1980.tb00737.x.
[165]
Richard C. Eichenberg and Russell J. Dalton 1993. Europeans and the European Community: The Dynamics of Public Support for European Integration. International Organization. 47, 4 (1993), 507–534.
[166]
Richardson, J.J. 2005. European Union: power and policy-making. Routledge.
[167]
Rittberger, B. 2003. The Creation and Empowerment of the European Parliament*. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 41, 2 (Apr. 2003), 203–225. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00419.
[168]
Rittberger, B. 2003. The Creation and Empowerment of the European Parliament*. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 41, 2 (Apr. 2003), 203–225. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00419.
[169]
Robert Rohrschneider 2002. The Democracy Deficit and Mass Support for an EU-Wide Government. American Journal of Political Science. 46, 2 (2002), 463–475.
[170]
Ronald Inglehart 1970. Cognitive Mobilization and European Identity. Comparative Politics. 3, 1 (1970), 45–70.
[171]
Schmidt, S.K. 2000. Only an Agenda Setter?: The European Commission’s Power over the Council of Ministers. European Union Politics. 1, 1 (Feb. 2000), 37–61. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116500001001003.
[172]
Schmidt, V.A. 2013. Democracy and Legitimacy in the European Union Revisited: Input, Output                              ‘Throughput’. Political Studies. 61, 1 (Mar. 2013), 2–22. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2012.00962.x.
[173]
Schmitt, H. 2010. European Parliament elections after eastern enlargement. Routledge.
[174]
Schmitt, H. 2005. The European Parliament Elections of June 2004: Still Second-Order? West European Politics. 28, 3 (May 2005), 650–679. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380500085962.
[175]
SCHMITT, H. and MANNHEIMER, R. 1991. About voting and non-voting in the European elections of June 1989. European Journal of Political Research. 19, 1 (Jan. 1991), 31–54. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1991.tb01176.x.
[176]
Schmitt, H. and Thomassen, J.J.A. 2000. Dynamic Representation: The Case of European Integration. European Union Politics. 1, 3 (Oct. 2000), 318–339. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116500001003003.
[177]
Schmitt, Hermann and Bernhard Wessels 1999. Whom to represent? Role orientations of legislators in Europe. Political representation and legitimacy in the European Union. Oxford University Press.
[178]
Schmitter, P.C. 2000. How to democratize the European Union ... and why bother?. Rowman & Littlefield.
[179]
Schuck, A.R.T. and De Vreese, C.H. 2008. The Dutch No to the EU Constitution: Assessing the Role of EU Skepticism and the Campaign. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 18, 1 (Feb. 2008), 101–128. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/17457280701858656.
[180]
Scully, R. and Farrell, D.M. 2003. MEPs as Representatives: Individual and Institutional Roles*. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 41, 2 (Apr. 2003), 269–288. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00422.
[181]
Sean Carey Undivided Loyalties: Is National Identity an Obstacle to European Integration? 3, 387–413.
[182]
Selck, T.J. and Steunenberg, B. 2004. Between Power and Luck: The European Parliament in the EU Legislative Process. European Union Politics. 5, 1 (Mar. 2004), 25–46. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116504040444.
[183]
Shaun Bowler and David M. Farrell 1995. The Organizing of the European Parliament: Committees, Specialization and Co-Ordination. British Journal of Political Science. 25, 2 (1995), 219–243.
[184]
Simon Hix 2004. Electoral Institutions and Legislative Behavior: Explaining Voting Defection in the European Parliament. World Politics. 56, 2 (2004), 194–223.
[185]
Simon Hix 2002. Why the EU Should Have a Single President and how she should be Elected.
[186]
Simon Hix, Abdul Noury and Gérard Roland 2006. Dimensions of Politics in the European Parliament. American Journal of Political Science. 50, 2 (2006), 494–511.
[187]
Simon Hix and Michael Marsh 2007. Punishment or Protest? Understanding European Parliament Elections. The Journal of Politics. 69, 2 (2007), 495–510.
[188]
Sitter, N. 2001. The politics of opposition and European integration in Scandinavia: Is Euro‐scepticism a government‐opposition dynamic? West European Politics. 24, 4 (Oct. 2001), 22–39. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380108425463.
[189]
SKACH, C. 2005. We, the Peoples? Constitutionalizing the European Union*. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 43, 1 (Mar. 2005), 149–170. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9886.2005.00550.x.
[190]
Smith, J. 2005. Reinvigorating European elections: the implications of electing the European Commission. Chatham House.
[191]
van Spanje, J. and de Vreese, C. 2011. So what’s wrong with the EU? Motivations underlying the Eurosceptic vote in the 2009 European elections. European Union Politics. 12, 3 (Sep. 2011), 405–429. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116511410750.
[192]
Steunenberg, B. and Thomassen, J.J.A. 2002. The European Parliament: moving toward democracy in the EU. Rowman and Littlefield.
[193]
Studlar, D. et al. 2003. Turnout in European parliament elections: Towards a European-centred model. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 13, 1 (2003), 195–209. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13689880308413094.
[194]
Svensson, P. 2002. Five Danish referendums on the European Community and European Union: A critical assessment of the Franklin thesis. European Journal of Political Research. 41, 6 (Oct. 2002), 733–750. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00028.
[195]
TAGGART, P. 1998. A Touchstone of Dissent: Euroscepticism in Contemporary Western European Party Systems. European Journal of Political Research. 33, 3 (Apr. 1998), 363–388. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00387.
[196]
TAGGART, P. 1998. A Touchstone of Dissent: Euroscepticism in Contemporary Western European Party Systems. European Journal of Political Research. 33, 3 (Apr. 1998), 363–388. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00387.
[197]
Taggart, P. and Szczerbiak, A. 2004. Contemporary Euroscepticism in the party systems of the European Union candidate states of Central and Eastern Europe. European Journal of Political Research. 43, 1 (Jan. 2004), 1–27. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2004.00143.x.
[198]
Taggart, P.A. and Szczerbiak, A. 2008. Opposing Europe?: the comparative party politics of Euroscepticism. Oxford University Press.
[199]
Taylor & Francis Online :: Journal of European Integration: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/geui20.
[200]
Taylor, P.G. 2007. The end of European integration: anti-Europeanism examined. Routledge.
[201]
Temple Lang, J. How much do the smaller member states need the European Commission? The role of the Commission in a changing Europe.
[202]
The House of Lords - European Union Reports: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldeucom/ldeucom.htm.
[203]
The Perils of Presidentialism: 1990. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/journal_of_democracy/toc/jod1.1.html.
[204]
The Treaty of Lisbon: amendments to the Treaty on European Union - Commons Library Research Paper - UK Parliament: http://www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/RP08-09/the-treaty-of-lisbon-amendments-to-the-treaty-on-european-union.
[205]
Thomas Christiansen and Christine Reh Constitutionalizing the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan.
[206]
Thomson, R. 2006. The European Union decides. Cambridge University Press.
[207]
THOMSON, R. and HOSLI, M. 2006. Who Has Power in the EU? The Commission, Council and Parliament in Legislative Decision-making*. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 44, 2 (Jun. 2006), 391–417. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2006.00628.x.
[208]
Tillman, E.R. 2013. Authoritarianism and citizen attitudes towards European integration. European Union Politics. 14, 4 (Dec. 2013), 566–589. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116513483182.
[209]
Treaty of Lisbon: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/collection/eu-law/treaties.html.
[210]
Treib, O. 2014. The voter says no, but nobody listens: causes and consequences of the Eurosceptic vote in the 2014 European elections. Journal of European Public Policy. 21, 10 (Nov. 2014), 1541–1554. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2014.941534.
[211]
TSAKATIKA, M. 2005. Claims to Legitimacy: The European Commission between Continuity and Change*. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 43, 1 (Mar. 2005), 193–220. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9886.2005.00552.x.
[212]
TSAKATIKA, M. 2005. Claims to Legitimacy: The European Commission between Continuity and Change*. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 43, 1 (Mar. 2005), 193–220. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9886.2005.00552.x.
[213]
Varieties of Euroscepticism: The Case of the European Extreme Right | Vasilopoulou | Journal of Contemporary European Research: http://www.jcer.net/index.php/jcer/article/view/106.
[214]
Vasilopoulou, S. and Gattermann, K. 2013. Matching policy preferences: the linkage between voters and MEPs. Journal of European Public Policy. 20, 4 (Apr. 2013), 606–625. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2012.718892.
[215]
Veen, T. 2011. The dimensionality and nature of conflict in European Union politics: On the characteristics of intergovernmental decision-making. European Union Politics. 12, 1 (Mar. 2011), 65–86. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116510391918.
[216]
Vossing, K. 2005. Nationality and the Preferences of the European Public toward EU Policy-Making. European Union Politics. 6, 4 (Dec. 2005), 445–467. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116505057817.
[217]
de Vreese, C. and Tobiasen, M. 2007. Conflict and Identity: Explaining Turnout and Anti-integrationist Voting in the Danish 2004 Elections for the European Parliament. Scandinavian Political Studies. 30, 1 (Mar. 2007), 87–114. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.2007.00174.x.
[218]
de Vreese, C.H. et al. 2006. The News Coverage of the 2004 European Parliamentary Election Campaign in 25 Countries. European Union Politics. 7, 4 (Dec. 2006), 477–504. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116506069440.
[219]
Walczak, A. and van der Brug, W. 2013. Representation in the European Parliament: Factors affecting the attitude congruence of voters and candidates in the EP elections. European Union Politics. 14, 1 (Mar. 2013), 3–22. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116512456089.
[220]
Wallace, Helen et al. 2010. Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford University Press.
[221]
Warleigh, A. 2003. Democracy and the European Union: theory, practice, and reform. SAGE.
[222]
Wayne Sandholtz and John Zysman 1989. 1992: Recasting the European Bargain. World Politics. 42, 1 (1989), 95–128.
[223]
Whitaker, R. 2005. National Parties in the European Parliament: An Influence in the Committee System? European Union Politics. 6, 1 (Mar. 2005), 5–28. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116505049606.
[224]
Whitaker, R. 2001. Party Control in a Committee-Based Legislature? The Case of the European Parliament. The Journal of Legislative Studies. 7, 4 (Dec. 2001), 63–88. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/714003891.
[225]
Whitaker, R. 2009. The European Parliament’s committees: national party influence and legislative empowerment. Routledge.
[226]
Whitaker, R. and Lynch, P. 2011. Explaining Support for the UK Independence Party at the 2009 European Parliament Elections. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties. 21, 3 (Aug. 2011), 359–379. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2011.588439.
[227]
Will the Constitutional Treaty Contribute to the Legitimacy of the European Union? http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2005-011.htm.
[228]
Will the Constitutional Treaty Contribute to the Legitimacy of the European Union? 2005. http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2005-011a.htm.
[229]
WORRE, T. 1995. First No, Then Yes: The Danish Referendums on the Maastricht Treaty 1992 and 1993. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 33, 2 (Jun. 1995), 235–257. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.1995.tb00529.x.
[230]
Yordanova, N. 2009. The Rationale behind Committee Assignment in the European Parliament: Distributive, Informational and Partisan Perspectives. European Union Politics. 10, 2 (Jun. 2009), 253–280. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116509103377.
[231]
Zimmermann, Hubert and Dür, Andreas 2012. Key controversies in European integration. Palgrave Macmillan.
[232]
European Union Politics.
[233]
JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies.
[234]
Journal of European Public Policy.
[235]
West European Politics.