Bibliography for PL7501 Democracy and Legitimacy in the European Union (DL Mar 15) BETA

et al, C. van der E. (1996) ‘What voters teach us about Europe-Wide elections: What Europe-Wide elections teach us about voters’, Electoral Studies [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/0261-3794(96)00009-1.

Alfred Stepan and Cindy Skach (1993) ‘Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation: Parliamentarianism versus Presidentialism’, World Politics, 46(1), pp. 1–22. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/2950664.

Andreas Schuck et al. (2011) ‘Party contestation and Europe on the news agenda: The 2009 European Parliamentary Elections’, Electoral Studies, 30(1), pp. 41–52. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2010.09.021.

Andrew Moravcsik (1991) ‘Negotiating the Single European Act: National Interests and Conventional Statecraft in the European Community’, International Organization, 45(1), pp. 19–56. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/2706695.

Bache, I. et al. (2014a) Politics in the European Union. 4th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bache, I. et al. (2014b) Politics in the European Union. 4th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Beetham, D. and Lord, C. (1998a) Legitimacy and the EU [electronic resource]. London: Longman. Available at: https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1713372.

Beetham, D. and Lord, C. (1998b) Legitimacy and the European Union. Florence: Taylor and Francis. Available at: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1713372.

Beetham, D. and Lord, C. (2014) Legitimacy and the European Union. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Available at: http://leicester.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1713372.

Beetham, David and David Beetham and Christopher Lord (1998) ‘Analysing legitimacy in the EU’, in Legitimacy and the EU. London: Longman. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10885876.

Beetham, David and Lord, Christopher (1998) Legitimacy and the EU. London: Longman. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5662444070002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Bellamy, R., Castiglione, D. and Shaw, J. (2006) Making European citizens: civic inclusion in a transnational context. Basingtoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Bellamy, Richard and A. Connolly, S. Day & J. Shaw (2006) ‘The contested case of EU electoral rights’, in Making European citizens: civic inclusion in a transnational context. Basingtoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Bernard Steunenberg and Nils Ringe, J.R.K. (no date) ‘The Second-order Election Model in an Enlarged Europe’, 7, pp. 290–319. Available at: http://eup.sagepub.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/content/7/3.toc.

Bill Cash’s European Journal | The official blog of the European Foundation (no date). Available at: http://www.europeanfoundation.org/.

Bjørn Høyland, S.B.H. (2011) ‘‘Selection and Sanctioning in European Parliamentary Elections’. Available at: http://journals.cambridge.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/action/displayFulltext?type=6&fid=8286066&jid=JPS&volumeId=41&issueId=03&aid=8286065&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0007123411000081.

BLAVOUKOS, S., BOURANTONIS, D. and PAGOULATOS, G. (2007) ‘A President for the European Union: A New Actor in Town?’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 45(2), pp. 231–252. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2007.00710.x.

Blondel, J., Sinnott, R. and Svensson, P. (1998) People and Parliament in the European Union: participation, democracy, and legitimacy. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Bogaards, M. and Crepaz, M.M.L. (2002) ‘Consociational Interpretations of the European Union’, European Union Politics, 3(3), pp. 357–381. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116502003003004.

Boomgaarden, H.G. et al. (2011) ‘Mapping EU attitudes: Conceptual and empirical dimensions of Euroscepticism and EU support’, European Union Politics, 12(2), pp. 241–266. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116510395411.

Brug, W. van der and Eijk, C. van der (2007a) European elections and domestic politics: lessons from the past and scenarios for the future. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663970710002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Brug, W. van der and Eijk, C. van der (2007b) European elections and domestic politics: lessons from the past and scenarios for the future. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663611080002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

BURNS, C. (2005) ‘Who Pays? Who Gains? How do Costs and Benefits Shape the Policy Influence of the European Parliament?*’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 43(3), pp. 485–505. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9886.2005.00566.x.

Christopher J. Anderson (1998) ‘When in doubt, use proxies: attitudes toward domestic politics and support for European integration’, Comparative Political Studies, 31(5). Available at: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A21204808&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=EAIM&sw=w&asid=f8d089b3783488a29a30e53881cf3e51.

Cini, Michelle and Pérez-Solórzano Borragán, Nieves (2013a) European Union politics. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cini, Michelle and Pérez-Solórzano Borragán, Nieves (2013b) European Union politics. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Clifford J. Carrubba (2001) ‘The Electoral Connection in European Union Politics’, The Journal of Politics, 63(1), pp. 141–158. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/2691896.

COOPER, I. (2006) ‘The Watchdogs of Subsidiarity: National Parliaments and the Logic of Arguing in the EU*’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 44(2), pp. 281–304. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2006.00623.x.

Coultrap, J. (1999a) ‘From Parliamentarism to Pluralism: Models of Democracy and the European Union’s `Democratic Deficit’’, Journal of Theoretical Politics, 11(1), pp. 107–135. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0951692899011001005.

Coultrap, J. (1999b) ‘From Parliamentarism to Pluralism: Models of Democracy and the European Union’s `Democratic Deficit’’, Journal of Theoretical Politics, 11(1), pp. 107–135. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0951692899011001005.

Crombez, C. (2003) ‘The Democratic Deficit in the European Union: Much Ado about Nothing?’, European Union Politics, 4(1), pp. 101–120. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116503004001583.

Crum, B. (2005a) ‘Tailoring Representative Democracy to the European Union: Does the European Constitution Reduce the Democratic Deficit?’, European Law Journal, 11(4), pp. 452–467. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2005.00270.x.

Crum, B. (2005b) ‘Tailoring Representative Democracy to the European Union: Does the European Constitution Reduce the Democratic Deficit?’, European Law Journal, 11(4), pp. 452–467. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2005.00270.x.

Crum, B. (2005c) ‘Tailoring Representative Democracy to the European Union: Does the European Constitution Reduce the Democratic Deficit?’, European Law Journal, 11(4), pp. 452–467. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2005.00270.x.

Dahl, R.A. (1989) Democracy and its critics. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press.

Detlef Jahn,Ann-Sofie Storsved (1995) ‘Legitimacy through referendum? The nearly successful domino-strategy of the EU-referendum in Austria, Finland, Sweden and Norway’, West European Politics, 18(4). Available at: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A18075638&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=EAIM&sw=w&asid=6b9e900bd2c224d72b8eaa4769cc40a5.

Dinan, D. (2014) Europe recast: a history of European Union. 2nd edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Erik Oddvar Eriksen and John Erik Fossum (2004) ‘Europe in Search of Legitimacy: Strategies of Legitimation Assessed’, International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique, 25(4), pp. 435–459. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/1601608?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

EUR-Lex - 12012E/TXT - EN - EUR-Lex (no date). Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT.

Eurobarometer (no date). Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm.

EUROPA - Treaty of Lisbon - Full text of the Treaty (no date). Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/archives/lisbon_treaty/full_text/index_en.htm.

EUROPA - Treaty of Lisbon - The Treaty at a glance (no date). Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/archives/lisbon_treaty/glance/index_en.htm.

‘European Union Politics’ (no date). Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://journals.sagepub.com/loi/EUP.

Farrell, D.M. and Scully, R. (2003) ‘Electoral reform and the British MEP’, The Journal of Legislative Studies, 9(1), pp. 14–36. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13523270300660002.

FARRELL, D.M. and SCULLY, R. (2005) ‘Electing the European Parliament: How Uniform are “Uniform” Electoral Systems?*’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 43(5), pp. 969–984. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2005.00604.x.

Farrell, D.M. and Scully, R. (2007) Representing Europe’s citizens?: electoral institutions and the failure of parliamentary representation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fauvelle-Aymar, C. and Stegmaier, M. (2008) ‘Economic and political effects on European Parliamentary electoral turnout in post-communist Europe’, Electoral Studies, 27(4), pp. 661–672. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2008.05.008.

Ferrara, F. (2004) ‘Get your Act Together: Party Performance in European Parliament Elections’, European Union Politics, 5(3), pp. 283–306. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116504045154.

FOLLESDAL, A. and HIX, S. (2006) ‘Why There is a Democratic Deficit in the EU: A Response to Majone and Moravcsik’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 44(3), pp. 533–562. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2006.00650.x.

FORD, R., GOODWIN, M.J. and CUTTS, D. (2012a) ‘Strategic Eurosceptics and polite xenophobes: Support for the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) in the 2009 European Parliament elections’, European Journal of Political Research, 51(2), pp. 204–234. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2011.01994.x.

FORD, R., GOODWIN, M.J. and CUTTS, D. (2012b) ‘Strategic Eurosceptics and polite xenophobes: Support for the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) in the 2009 European Parliament elections’, European Journal of Political Research, 51(2), pp. 204–234. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2011.01994.x.

FRANKLIN, M., MARSH, M. and McLAREN, L. (1994) ‘Uncorking the Bottle: Popular Opposition to European Unification in the Wake of Maastricht’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 32(4), pp. 455–472. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.1994.tb00509.x.

Franklin, M.N. (2001) ‘How Structural Factors Cause Turnout Variations at European Parliament Elections’, European Union Politics, 2(3), pp. 309–328. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116501002003003.

Franklin, M.N. and Hobolt, S.B. (2011) ‘The legacy of lethargy: How elections to the European Parliament depress turnout’, Electoral Studies, 30(1), pp. 67–76. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2010.09.019.

Freedman, J. (2002) ‘Women in the European Parliament’, Parliamentary Affairs, 55(1), pp. 179–188. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/parlij/55.1.179.

G Majone (1998) ‘Europe’s “Democratic Deficit”: The Question of Standards’. Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=3252274&site=ehost-live.

Gail McElroy (2001) ‘Committees and Party Cohesion in the European Parliament’. Available at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/government/research/resgroups/EPRG/EPRGworkingPapers.aspx.

Garry, J. (2005) ‘“Second-order” versus “Issue-voting”        Effects in EU Referendums: Evidence from the Irish Nice Treaty Referendums’, European Union Politics, 6(2), pp. 201–221. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116505051983.

Garry, J. (2014) ‘Emotions and voting in EU referendums’, European Union Politics, 15(2), pp. 235–254. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116513514780.

Gary Marks, Carole J. Wilson and Leonard Ray (2002) ‘National Political Parties and European Integration’, American Journal of Political Science, 46(3), pp. 585–594. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/3088401.

Häge, F.M. (2007) ‘The Division of Labour in Legislative Decision-Making of the Council of the European Union’, The Journal of Legislative Studies, 13(4), pp. 497–516. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13572330701663595.

HAGEMANN, S. and HØYLAND, B. (2010) ‘Bicameral Politics in the European Union’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 48(4), pp. 811–833. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2010.02075.x.

Hainsworth, P. (2005) ‘France Says No: The 29 May 2005 Referendum on the European Constitution’, Parliamentary Affairs, 59(1), pp. 98–117. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsj015.

Hakhverdian, A. et al. (2013) ‘Euroscepticism and education: A longitudinal study of 12 EU member states, 1973-2010’, European Union Politics, 14(4), pp. 522–541. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116513489779.

Harmsen, R. and Spiering, M. (2004) Euroscepticism: party politics, national identity and European integration. Amsterdam: Rodopi.

HAYES-RENSHAW, F., VAN AKEN, W. and WALLACE, H. (2006) ‘When and Why the EU Council of Ministers Votes Explicitly*’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 44(1), pp. 161–194. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2006.00618.x.

Hayes‐Renshaw, F. and Wallace, H. (1995) ‘Executive power in the European Union: The functions and limits of the Council of Ministers*’, Journal of European Public Policy, 2(4), pp. 559–582. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501769508407007.

Hayes-Renshaw, F. and Wallace, H. (2006) The Council of Ministers. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Heritier, A. (1999) ‘Elements of democratic legitimation in Europe: an alternative perspective’, Journal of European Public Policy, 6(2), pp. 269–282. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/135017699343711.

Hix, S. (1998a) ‘Elections, parties and institutional design: A comparative perspective on European Union democracy’, West European Politics, 21(3), pp. 19–52. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402389808425256.

Hix, S. (1998b) ‘Elections, parties and institutional design: A comparative perspective on European Union democracy’, West European Politics, 21(3), pp. 19–52. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402389808425256.

Hix, S. (1998c) ‘The study of the European Union II: the “new governance” agenda and its rival’, Journal of European Public Policy, 5(1), pp. 38–65. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501768880000031.

Hix, S. (2001) ‘Legislative Behaviour and Party Competition in the European Parliament: An Application of Nominate to the EU’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 39(4), pp. 663–688. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00326.

Hix, S. (2005) The political system of the European Union. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Hix, S. (2008) What’s wrong with the European Union and how to fix it. Cambridge: Polity. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664157800002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Hix, S. and Hoyland, B. (2011a) The political system of the European Union. 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Hix, S. and Hoyland, B. (2011b) The political system of the European Union. 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Hix, S. and Lord, C. (1997) Political parties in the European Union. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Hix, S. and Marsh, M. (2011) ‘Second-order effects plus pan-European political swings: An analysis of European Parliament elections across time’, Electoral Studies, 30(1), pp. 4–15. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2010.09.017.

HIX, S., NOURY, A. and ROLAND, G. (2005) ‘Power to the Parties: Cohesion and Competition in the European Parliament, 1979–2001’, British Journal of Political Science, 35(2), pp. 209–234. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123405000128.

Hix, S., Noury, A. and Roland, G. (2007a) Democratic politics in the European Parliament. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hix, S., Noury, A. and Roland, G. (2007b) Democratic politics in the European Parliament. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hix, Simon and Bjorn, Hoyland and Hix, Simon (2011) ‘Chapter 5: “Public Opinion”’, in The political system of the European Union. 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Hix, Simon and Hoyland, Bjorn (2011a) The political system of the European Union. 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4763992.

Hix, Simon and Hoyland, Bjorn (2011b) The political system of the European Union. 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4763992.

HOBOLT, S.B. (2005) ‘When Europe matters: The impact of political information on voting behaviour in EU referendums’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 15(1), pp. 85–109. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13689880500064635.

Hobolt, S.B. (2006) ‘Direct democracy and European integration’, Journal of European Public Policy, 13(1), pp. 153–166. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760500380825.

HOBOLT, S.B. (2007) ‘Taking Cues on Europe? Voter competence and party endorsements in referendums on European integration’, European Journal of Political Research, 46(2), pp. 151–182. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00688.x.

Hobolt, S.B. (2014) ‘A vote for the President? The role of Spitzenkandidaten in the 2014 European Parliament elections’, Journal of European Public Policy, 21(10), pp. 1528–1540. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2014.941148.

Hobolt, S.B. and Tilley, J.R. (2014) Blaming Europe?: responsibility without accountability in the European Union. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hooghe, L. (2005) ‘Calculation, Community and Cues: Public Opinion on European Integration’, European Union Politics, 6(4), pp. 419–443. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116505057816.

Hooghe, L., Marks, G. and Wilson, C.J. (2002) ‘Does Left/Right Structure Party Positions on European Integration?’, Comparative Political Studies, 35(8), pp. 965–989. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/001041402236310.

Horeth, M. (1999) ‘No way out for the beast? The unsolved legitimacy problem of European governance’, Journal of European Public Policy, 6(2), pp. 249–268. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/135017699343702.

Hosli, M. o. (1996) ‘Coallitions and Power: Effects of Qualified Majority Voting in the Council of the European Union’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 34(2), pp. 255–273. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.1996.tb00571.x.

HOSLI, M.O., MATTILA, M. and URIOT, M. (2011) ‘Voting in the Council of the European Union after the 2004 Enlargement: A Comparison of Old and New Member States’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 49(6), pp. 1249–1270. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2011.02196.x.

Inglehart, R. (1977) ‘Long Term Trends in Mass Support for European Unification’, Government and Opposition, 12(2), pp. 150–177. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1977.tb00529.x.

Ivaldi, G. (2006) ‘Beyond France’s 2005 referendum on the European constitutional treaty: Second-order model, anti-establishment attitudes and the end of the alternative European utopia’, West European Politics, 29(1), pp. 47–69. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380500389232.

Jabko, N., Parsons, C., and European Union Studies Association (2005a) The state of the European Union: European trends in American perspective, Vol.7: With US or against US? Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Jabko, N., Parsons, C., and European Union Studies Association (2005b) The state of the European Union: European trends in American perspective, Vol.7: With US or against US? Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Jae-Jae Spoon, S.H. (no date) ‘A Vote Against Europe? Explaining Defection at the 1999 and 2004 European Parliament Elections’. Available at: http://journals.cambridge.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/action/displayFulltext?type=6&fid=2794320&jid=JPS&volumeId=39&issueId=01&aid=2794316&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0007123408000422.

‘JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies’ (no date). Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1468-5965.

Jeremy Richardson (no date) Constructing a Policy-Making State?: Policy Dynamics in the EU. OUP Oxford (20 Sept. 2012). Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=395194.

John McCormick (2015) European Union Politics. 2nd ed. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4762610.

Jolly, M. (2007) The European Union and the people. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=114916.

Jørgensen, K.E., Pollack, M.A. and Rosamond, B. (2006a) Handbook of European Union politics. London: SAGE. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10501945.

Jørgensen, K.E., Pollack, M.A. and Rosamond, B. (2006b) Handbook of European Union politics. London: SAGE. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10501945.

Jørgensen, K.E., Pollack, M.A. and Rosamond, B. (2006c) Handbook of European Union Politics. London: Sage. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664153290002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Jørgensen, K.E., Pollack, M.A. and Rosamond, B. (2006d) Handbook of European Union Politics. London: Sage. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664317650002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Jørgensen, K.E., Pollack, M.A. and Rosamond, B. (2006e) Handbook of European Union Politics. London: Sage. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664081560002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Jørgensen, K.E., Pollack, M.A. and Rosamond, B. (2006f) Handbook of European Union Politics. London: Sage. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664138900002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Joseph I. H. Janssen (1991) ‘Postmaterialism, Cognitive Mobilization and Public Support for European Integration’, British Journal of Political Science, 21(4), pp. 443–468. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/193771?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Journal of European Integration - Volume 34, Issue 7, special issue on the Maastricht Treaty after 20 years (no date). Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/geui20/34/7.

‘Journal of European Public Policy’ (no date). Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rjpp20.

Juan J. Linz (1990) The Perils of Presidentialism. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/journal_of_democracy/toc/jod1.1.html.

Judge, D. and Earnshaw, D. (2008) The European Parliament. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Judge, David and David Judge and David Earnshaw (2008) ‘Chapter 4: Linkage, representation and MEPs’, in The European Parliament. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Karp, J.A., Banducci, S.A. and Bowler, S. (2003) ‘To Know it is to Love it?: Satisfaction with Democracy in the European Union’, Comparative Political Studies, 36(3), pp. 271–292. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414002250669.

Katz, R.S. and Wessels, B. (1999) The European Parliament, the national parliaments, and European integration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kopecky, P. and Mudde, C. (2002) ‘The Two Sides of Euroscepticism: Party Positions on European Integration in East Central Europe’, European Union Politics, 3(3), pp. 297–326. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116502003003002.

Kousser, T. (2004) ‘Retrospective voting and strategic behavior in European Parliament elections’, Electoral Studies, 23(1), pp. 1–21. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(02)00030-6.

Kreppel, A. (2002) The European Parliament and Supranational Party System: a study in institutional development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10006799.

KREPPEL, A. and TSEBELIS, G. (1999) ‘Coalition Formation in the European Parliament’, Comparative Political Studies, 32(8), pp. 933–966. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414099032008002.

Lauren M. McLaren (2002) ‘Public Support for the European Union: Cost/Benefit Analysis or Perceived Cultural Threat?’, The Journal of Politics, 64(2), pp. 551–566. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/2691861.

Leconte, C. (2010) Understanding Euroscepticism. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=4763415.

Lelieveldt, Herman and Princen, Sebastiaan (2011a) The politics of the European Union. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5120109.

Lelieveldt, Herman and Princen, Sebastiaan (2011b) The politics of the European Union. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5120109.

Lelieveldt, Herman and Princen, Sebastiaan (2011c) The politics of the European Union. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=319329.

Leuffen, Dirk, Rittberger, Berthold, and Schimmelfennig, Frank (2013) Differentiated integration: explaining variation in the European Union. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Liesbet Hooghe and Ben Crum (no date) ‘Party Stances in the Referendums on the EU Constitution: Causes and Consequences of Competition and Collusion’, 8, pp. 5–12. Available at: http://eup.sagepub.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/content/8/1.toc.

Lijphart, A. (1992) Parliamentary versus presidential government. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Lijphart, A. (2012a) Patterns of Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press. Available at: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3421026.

Lijphart, A. (2012b) Patterns of democracy: government forms and performance in thirty-six countries. 2nd ed. New Haven, [Conn.]: Yale University Press. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com/detail.asp?id=385836.

Lijphart, Arend (1984) ‘Chapter 1: The Westminster Model of Democracy’, in Democracies: patterns of majoritarian and consensus government in twenty-one countries. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press.

Lodge, J. (2010) The 2009 elections to the European Parliament. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.palgraveconnect.com/doifinder/10.1057/9780230297272.

Lord, C. (1998) Democracy in the European Union. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.

Lord, C. (2004a) A democratic audit of the European Union. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=112247.

Lord, C. (2004b) A democratic audit of the European Union. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=112247.

Lord, Christopher (1998) ‘Chapter 3: Accountability’, in Democracy in the European Union. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.

Lord, Christopher (2001) ‘Assessing Democracy in a Contested Polity.’, Assessing Democracy in a Contested Polity., 39(4). Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=5315658&site=ehost-live.

Lord, Christopher (2004) A democratic audit of the European Union. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=112247.

Lubbers, M. (2008) ‘Regarding the Dutch `Nee’ to the European Constitution: A Test of the Identity, Utilitarian and Political Approaches to Voting `No’’, European Union Politics, 9(1), pp. 59–86. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116507085957.

Lubbers, M. and Jaspers, E. (2011) ‘A longitudinal study of euroscepticism in the Netherlands: 2008 versus 1990’, European Union Politics, 12(1), pp. 21–40. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116510390062.

Lynch, P., Whitaker, R. and Loomes, G. (2012) ‘The UK Independence Party: Understanding a Niche Party’s Strategy, Candidates and Supporters’, Parliamentary Affairs, 65(4), pp. 733–757. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsr042.

Majone, G. (2014) ‘From Regulatory State to a Democratic Default’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 52(6), pp. 1216–1223. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12190.

Marcussen, M. and Zolner, M. (2001) ‘The Danish EMU Referendum 2000: Business as Usual’, Government and Opposition, 36(3), pp. 379–402. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.00071.

MARSH, MICHAEL (2000) ‘Testing the Second-Order Election Model after Four European Elections’, British Journal of Political Science, 28(04), pp. 591–607. Available at: http://journals.cambridge.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1347&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S000712349800026X.

Matthew Gabel (1998) ‘Public Support for European Integration: An Empirical Test of Five Theories’, The Journal of Politics, 60(2), pp. 333–354. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/2647912.

Mattila, M. (2003) ‘Why bother? Determinants of turnout in the European elections’, Electoral Studies, 22(3), pp. 449–468. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(01)00054-3.

Mattila, M. (2004) ‘Contested decisions: Empirical analysis of voting in the European Union Council of Ministers’, European Journal of Political Research, 43(1), pp. 29–50. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2004.00144.x.

MATTILA, M. (2009) ‘Roll call analysis of voting in the European Union Council of Ministers after the 2004 enlargement’, European Journal of Political Research, 48(6), pp. 840–857. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2009.01850.x.

Mattila, M. and Lane, J.-E. (2001) ‘Why Unanimity in the Council?: A Roll Call Analysis of Council Voting’, European Union Politics, 2(1), pp. 31–52. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116501002001002.

Mattila, M. and Raunio, T. (2006) ‘Cautious Voters -Supportive Parties: Opinion Congruence between Voters and Parties on the EU Dimension’, European Union Politics, 7(4), pp. 427–449. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116506069434.

McCormick, J. (2015) European Union politics. Second edition. London: Macmillan Education/Palgrave.

McLaren, Lauren M. (2006) Identity, interests, and attitudes to European integration. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=159306.

Menon, A. and Schain, M. (2006) Comparative federalism: the European Union and the United States in comparative perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10271606.

Moravcsik, A. (2002) ‘Reassessing Legitimacy in the European Union’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(4), pp. 603–624. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00390.

Niedermayer, Oskar and S. Duchesne & A-P Frognier (1995) ‘Is there a European identity?’, in Public opinion and internationalized governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Nugent, Neill (2010a) The government and politics of the European Union. 7th ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Nugent, Neill (2010b) The government and politics of the European Union. 7th ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

O’Brennan, J. and Raunio, T. (2007) National parliaments within the enlarged European Union: from victims of integration to competitive actors? New York, NY: Routledge.

Pennings, P. (2006) ‘An Empirical Analysis of the Europeanization of National Party Manifestos, 1960-2003’, European Union Politics, 7(2), pp. 257–270. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116506063716.

Peterson, J. and Shackleton, M. (2006) The institutions of the European Union. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Peterson, John and Shackleton, Michael (2006) The institutions of the European Union. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Piris, J.-C. (2010) The Lisbon Treaty: a legal and political analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=605022.

Pitkin, H.F. (1967) The concept of representation. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Raunio, T. and Hix, S. (2000) ‘Backbenchers learn to fight back: European integration and parliamentary government’, West European Politics, 23(4), pp. 142–168. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380008425404.

REIF, K. and SCHMITT, H. (1980) ‘NINE SECOND-ORDER NATIONAL ELECTIONS - A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN ELECTION RESULTS’, European Journal of Political Research, 8(1), pp. 3–44. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1980.tb00737.x.

Richard C. Eichenberg and Russell J. Dalton (1993) ‘Europeans and the European Community: The Dynamics of Public Support for European Integration’, International Organization, 47(4), pp. 507–534. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/2706937.

Richardson, J.J. (2005) European Union: power and policy-making. 3rd ed. London: Routledge. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=29081.

Rittberger, B. (2003a) ‘The Creation and Empowerment of the European Parliament*’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 41(2), pp. 203–225. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00419.

Rittberger, B. (2003b) ‘The Creation and Empowerment of the European Parliament*’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 41(2), pp. 203–225. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00419.

Robert Rohrschneider (2002) ‘The Democracy Deficit and Mass Support for an EU-Wide Government’, American Journal of Political Science, 46(2), pp. 463–475. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/3088389.

Ronald Inglehart (1970) ‘Cognitive Mobilization and European Identity’, Comparative Politics, 3(1), pp. 45–70. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/421501.

Schmidt, S.K. (2000) ‘Only an Agenda Setter?: The European Commission’s Power over the Council of Ministers’, European Union Politics, 1(1), pp. 37–61. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116500001001003.

Schmidt, V.A. (2013) ‘Democracy and Legitimacy in the European Union Revisited: Input, Output                              “Throughput”’, Political Studies, 61(1), pp. 2–22. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2012.00962.x.

Schmitt, H. (2005) ‘The European Parliament Elections of June 2004: Still Second-Order?’, West European Politics, 28(3), pp. 650–679. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380500085962.

Schmitt, H. (2010) European Parliament elections after eastern enlargement. London: Routledge.

SCHMITT, H. and MANNHEIMER, R. (1991) ‘About voting and non-voting in the European elections of June 1989’, European Journal of Political Research, 19(1), pp. 31–54. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1991.tb01176.x.

Schmitt, H. and Thomassen, J.J.A. (2000) ‘Dynamic Representation: The Case of European Integration’, European Union Politics, 1(3), pp. 318–339. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116500001003003.

Schmitt, Hermann and Bernhard Wessels (1999) ‘Whom to represent? Role orientations of legislators in Europe’, in Political representation and legitimacy in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Schmitter, P.C. (2000) How to democratize the European Union ... and why bother? Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1351087.

Schuck, A.R.T. and De Vreese, C.H. (2008) ‘The Dutch No to the EU Constitution: Assessing the Role of EU Skepticism and the Campaign’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 18(1), pp. 101–128. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17457280701858656.

Scully, R. and Farrell, D.M. (2003) ‘MEPs as Representatives: Individual and Institutional Roles*’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 41(2), pp. 269–288. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00422.

Sean Carey (no date) ‘Undivided Loyalties: Is National Identity an Obstacle to European Integration?’, 3, pp. 387–413. Available at: http://eup.sagepub.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/content/3/4.toc.

Sebastian Wolf, H.A. (2005) Will the Constitutional Treaty Contribute to the Legitimacy of the European Union? Available at: http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2005-011a.htm.

Sebastian Wolf, H.A. (no date) Will the Constitutional Treaty Contribute to the Legitimacy of the European Union? Available at: http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2005-011.htm.

Selck, T.J. and Steunenberg, B. (2004) ‘Between Power and Luck: The European Parliament in the EU Legislative Process’, European Union Politics, 5(1), pp. 25–46. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116504040444.

Shaun Bowler and David M. Farrell (1995) ‘The Organizing of the European Parliament: Committees, Specialization and Co-Ordination’, British Journal of Political Science, 25(2), pp. 219–243. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/194085?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Simon Hix (1997) Executive Selection in the European Union: Does the Commission President Investiture Procedure Reduce the Democratic Deficit? Available at: http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/1997-021.htm.

Simon Hix (2002) ‘Why the EU Should Have a Single President and how she should be Elected’.

Simon Hix (2004) ‘Electoral Institutions and Legislative Behavior: Explaining Voting Defection in the European Parliament’, World Politics, 56(2), pp. 194–223. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/25054255.

Simon Hix, Abdul Noury and Gérard Roland (2006) ‘Dimensions of Politics in the European Parliament’, American Journal of Political Science, 50(2), pp. 494–511. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3694286?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Simon Hix and Michael Marsh (2007) ‘Punishment or Protest? Understanding European Parliament Elections’, The Journal of Politics, 69(2), pp. 495–510. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/4622550.

Sitter, N. (2001) ‘The politics of opposition and European integration in Scandinavia: Is Euro‐scepticism a government‐opposition dynamic?’, West European Politics, 24(4), pp. 22–39. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380108425463.

SKACH, C. (2005) ‘We, the Peoples? Constitutionalizing the European Union*’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 43(1), pp. 149–170. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9886.2005.00550.x.

Smith, J. (2005) Reinvigorating European elections: the implications of electing the European Commission. London: Chatham House.

van Spanje, J. and de Vreese, C. (2011) ‘So what’s wrong with the EU? Motivations underlying the Eurosceptic vote in the 2009 European elections’, European Union Politics, 12(3), pp. 405–429. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116511410750.

Steunenberg, B. and Thomassen, J.J.A. (2002) The European Parliament: moving toward democracy in the EU. Lanham, Md: Rowman and Littlefield.

Studlar, D., Flickinger, R. and Bennett, S. (2003) ‘Turnout in European parliament elections: Towards a European-centred model’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 13(1), pp. 195–209. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13689880308413094.

Svensson, P. (2002) ‘Five Danish referendums on the European Community and European Union: A critical assessment of the Franklin thesis’, European Journal of Political Research, 41(6), pp. 733–750. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00028.

TAGGART, P. (1998a) ‘A Touchstone of Dissent: Euroscepticism in Contemporary Western European Party Systems’, European Journal of Political Research, 33(3), pp. 363–388. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00387.

TAGGART, P. (1998b) ‘A Touchstone of Dissent: Euroscepticism in Contemporary Western European Party Systems’, European Journal of Political Research, 33(3), pp. 363–388. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00387.

Taggart, P. and Szczerbiak, A. (2004) ‘Contemporary Euroscepticism in the party systems of the European Union candidate states of Central and Eastern Europe’, European Journal of Political Research, 43(1), pp. 1–27. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2004.00143.x.

Taggart, P.A. and Szczerbiak, A. (2008) Opposing Europe?: the comparative party politics of Euroscepticism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663612260002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745.

Taylor & Francis Online :: Journal of European Integration (no date). Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/geui20.

Taylor, P.G. (2007) The end of European integration: anti-Europeanism examined. Abingdon: Routledge.

Temple Lang, J. (no date) ‘How much do the smaller member states need the European Commission? The role of the Commission in a changing Europe’. Available at: http://www.kluwerlawonline.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/abstract.php?area=Journals&id=406250.

The House of Lords - European Union Reports (no date). Available at: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldeucom/ldeucom.htm.

The Treaty of Lisbon: amendments to the Treaty on European Union - Commons Library Research Paper - UK Parliament (no date). Available at: http://www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/RP08-09/the-treaty-of-lisbon-amendments-to-the-treaty-on-european-union.

Thomas Christiansen and Christine Reh (no date) Constitutionalizing the European Union [Paperback]. Palgrave Macmillan.

Thomson, R. (2006) The European Union decides. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

THOMSON, R. and HOSLI, M. (2006) ‘Who Has Power in the EU? The Commission, Council and Parliament in Legislative Decision-making*’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 44(2), pp. 391–417. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2006.00628.x.

Tillman, E.R. (2013) ‘Authoritarianism and citizen attitudes towards European integration’, European Union Politics, 14(4), pp. 566–589. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116513483182.

Treaty of Lisbon (no date). Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/collection/eu-law/treaties.html.

Treib, O. (2014) ‘The voter says no, but nobody listens: causes and consequences of the Eurosceptic vote in the 2014 European elections’, Journal of European Public Policy, 21(10), pp. 1541–1554. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2014.941534.

TSAKATIKA, M. (2005a) ‘Claims to Legitimacy: The European Commission between Continuity and Change*’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 43(1), pp. 193–220. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9886.2005.00552.x.

TSAKATIKA, M. (2005b) ‘Claims to Legitimacy: The European Commission between Continuity and Change*’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 43(1), pp. 193–220. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9886.2005.00552.x.

Varieties of Euroscepticism: The Case of the European Extreme Right | Vasilopoulou | Journal of Contemporary European Research (no date). Available at: http://www.jcer.net/index.php/jcer/article/view/106.

Vasilopoulou, S. and Gattermann, K. (2013) ‘Matching policy preferences: the linkage between voters and MEPs’, Journal of European Public Policy, 20(4), pp. 606–625. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2012.718892.

Veen, T. (2011) ‘The dimensionality and nature of conflict in European Union politics: On the characteristics of intergovernmental decision-making’, European Union Politics, 12(1), pp. 65–86. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116510391918.

Vossing, K. (2005) ‘Nationality and the Preferences of the European Public toward EU Policy-Making’, European Union Politics, 6(4), pp. 445–467. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116505057817.

de Vreese, C. and Tobiasen, M. (2007) ‘Conflict and Identity: Explaining Turnout and Anti-integrationist Voting in the Danish 2004 Elections for the European Parliament’, Scandinavian Political Studies, 30(1), pp. 87–114. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.2007.00174.x.

de Vreese, C.H. et al. (2006) ‘The News Coverage of the 2004 European Parliamentary Election Campaign in 25 Countries’, European Union Politics, 7(4), pp. 477–504. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116506069440.

Walczak, A. and van der Brug, W. (2013) ‘Representation in the European Parliament: Factors affecting the attitude congruence of voters and candidates in the EP elections’, European Union Politics, 14(1), pp. 3–22. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116512456089.

Wallace, Helen, Pollack, Mark A., and Young, Alasdair R. (2010) Policy-making in the European Union. 6th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Warleigh, A. (2003) Democracy and the European Union: theory, practice, and reform. London: SAGE. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10285247.

Wayne Sandholtz and John Zysman (1989) ‘1992: Recasting the European Bargain’, World Politics, 42(1), pp. 95–128. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2010572?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

‘West European Politics’ (no date). Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fwep20.

Whitaker, R. (2001) ‘Party Control in a Committee-Based Legislature? The Case of the European Parliament’, The Journal of Legislative Studies, 7(4), pp. 63–88. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/714003891.

Whitaker, R. (2005) ‘National Parties in the European Parliament: An Influence in the Committee System?’, European Union Politics, 6(1), pp. 5–28. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116505049606.

Whitaker, R. (2009) The European Parliament’s committees: national party influence and legislative empowerment. London: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?pq-origsite=primo&docID=683944.

Whitaker, R. and Lynch, P. (2011) ‘Explaining Support for the UK Independence Party at the 2009 European Parliament Elections’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 21(3), pp. 359–379. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2011.588439.

WORRE, T. (1995) ‘First No, Then Yes: The Danish Referendums on the Maastricht Treaty 1992 and 1993’, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 33(2), pp. 235–257. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.1995.tb00529.x.

Yordanova, N. (2009) ‘The Rationale behind Committee Assignment in the European Parliament: Distributive, Informational and Partisan Perspectives’, European Union Politics, 10(2), pp. 253–280. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116509103377.

Zimmermann, Hubert and Dür, Andreas (2012) Key controversies in European integration. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.