1.
Korbonski, A.: East Central Europe on the eve of the changeover: the case of Poland. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 32, 139–153 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-067X(99)00005-7.
2.
Kuran, T.: Now out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the East European Revolution of 1989. World Politics. 44, 7–48 (1991).
3.
Patrick H. O’Neil: Revolution from within: Institutional Analysis, Transitions from Authoritarianism, and the Case of Hungary. World Politics. 48, 579–603 (1996). https://doi.org/10.2307/25053982.
4.
The Romanian revolution from a theoretical perspective. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 27, (1994).
5.
Schopflin, G.: The End of Communism in Eastern Europe. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-). 66, (1990). https://doi.org/10.2307/2622187.
6.
Dawson, James and Hanley, Sean: The Fading Mirage of Illiberal Consensus. (2016).
7.
Krastev, Ivan: The unraveling of the post-1989 order. (2016).
8.
Sedelmeier, Ulrich: Anchoring Democracy from Above? The European Union and Democratic Backsliding in Hungary and Romania after Accession. (2014).
9.
Agh Attila: The Decline of Democracy in East-Central Europe: Hungary as the Worst-Case Scenario. (2016).
11.
Rupnik, Jacques: Surging Illiberalism in the East. (2016).
12.
George Schöpflin: On Totalitarianism, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMolfqJ1ENU, (2011).
13.
Joshua Tucker: Communism’s Shadow, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3svzWEqNd4, (2016).
14.
Kopstein, Jeffrey and Bernhard, Michael: Post-Communism, the Civilizing Process, and the Mixed Impact of Leninist Violence. (2015).
15.
(Review) Postcommunist Democracy: Legacies and Outcomes. (2003).
16.
Agh, Attila: ‘Cultural war and Reinventing the Past in Poland and Hungary: The Politics of Historical Memory in East-Central Europe’.
17.
Carter, Jeff, Bernhard, M. and Nordstrom, T.: Communist Legacies and Democratic Survival in a Comparative Perspective: Liability or Advantage. (2016).
18.
Tomila Lankina, Alexander Libman, and Anastassia Obydenkova: Authoritarian and Democratic Diffusion in Post-Communist Regions. (2016).
19.
Holmes, Leslie: COMMUNIST AND POST- COMMUNIST SYSTEMS. In: Mary Hawksworth and Maurice Kogan (eds.) Encyclopedia of government and politics. Routledge (1992).
20.
Rupnik, Jacques: How Things Went Wrong. (2012).
21.
Sean Hanley and James Dawson: Poland Was Never as Democratic as It Looked. (2017).
22.
Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way: The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism. (2002).
23.
Larry Diamond: Thinking About Hybrid Regimes. (2002).
24.
Grigore Pop-Eleches: Historical Legacies and Post‐Communist Regime Change. (2007).
25.
Pop-Eleches, Grigore: Pre-Communist and Communist Developmental Legacies. (2015).
26.
Grigore Pop-Eleches and Joshua A. Tucker: Post-communist legacies and political behavior and attitudes. Presented at the (2012).
27.
Fabbrini, S.: Presidents, Parliaments, & Good Government. Journal of Democracy. 6, 128–138 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0047.
28.
Shugart, Matthew S.: Of Presidents and Parliaments. East European constitutional review. 2, (1993).
29.
Holmes, Stephen: Postcommunist Presidency, The. East European Constitutional Review. 2, (1993).
30.
Fish, M.S. (Michael S.: Stronger Legislatures, Stronger Democracies. Journal of Democracy. 17, 5–20 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2006.0008.
31.
Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan: Toward Consolidated Democracies. (1998).
32.
Juan J. Linz: The Perils of Presidentialism. (1991).
33.
Stepan, A., Skach, C.: Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation: Parliamentarianism versus Presidentialism. World Politics. 46, 1–22 (1993).
34.
Fabbrini, Sergio: Presidents, Parliaments, & Good Government. (1995).
35.
Alfred Stepan and Cindy Skach: Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation: Parliamentarianism versus Presidentialism. (1993).
36.
Andreas Schedler: What is Democratic Consolidation? (1998).
37.
Guillermo O’Donnell: Delegative Democracy.
38.
Adam Przeworski, Michael Alvarez, José Antonio Cheibub, and Fernando Limongi: What makes democracies endure. (1996).
39.
Adam Przeworski and Fernando Limongi: Political Regimes and Economic Growth. (1993).
40.
Adam Przeworski and Fernando Limongi: Modernization: Theories and Facts. (1997).
41.
Carl Bildt: The Baltic Litmus Test. (1994).
42.
Mary Kaldor and Ivan Vejvoda: Democratization in Central and East European Countries. (1997).
43.
A Grzymala-Busse and PJ Luong: Reconceptualizing the state: lessons from post-communism.
44.
Claus Offe: Designing Institutions for East European Transition, http://irihs.ihs.ac.at/797/1/pw_19.pdf, (1994).
45.
Frye Thomas: A Politics of Institutional Choice: Post-Communist Presidencies. (1997).
46.
Gerardo L. Munck and Carol Skalnik Leff: Modes of Transition and Democratization: South America and Eastern Europe in Comparative Perspective. (1997).
47.
Ishiyama, J., Bozóki, A.: Adaptation and Change: Characterizing the Survival Strategies of the Communist Successor Parties. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics. 17, 32–51 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1080/714003582.
48.
Casal Bértoa, F.: Parties, regime and cleavages: explaining party system institutionalisation in East Central Europe. East European Politics. 28, 452–472 (2012).
49.
Party politics in the Baltic states: Social bases and institutional context: V Pettai and M Kreuzer. (1998).
50.
Margit Tavits: The Development of Stable Party Support: Electoral Dynamics in Post-Communist Europe. (2005).
51.
Abby Innes: Party Competition in Postcommunist Europe: The Great Electoral Lottery. (2002).
52.
Geoffrey Evans and Stephen Whitefield: Identifying the Bases of Party Competition in Eastern Europe. British Journal of Political Science. 23, 521–548 (1993). https://doi.org/10.2307/194215.
53.
Charles Crabtree and Matt Golder: Party System Volatility in Post-Communist Europe. (2017).
54.
Casal Bértoa, Fernando: Political parties or party systems? Assessing the ‘myth’ of institutionalisation and democracy. (2016).
55.
Bilinski, Adam: Cultural legacies and electoral performance of ethnic minority parties in post‐communist Europe. (2015).
56.
Tiemann, Guido: The Nationalization of political parties and party systems in post-communist Eastern Europe. (2012).
57.
Tavits, Margit: Organizing for Success: Party Organizational Strength and Electoral Performance in Postcommunist Europe. (2012).
58.
Anna Grzymala-Busse: The Discreet Charm of Formal Institutions Postcommunist Party Competition and State Oversight. (2006).
59.
Gherghina, Sergiu and Jiglău, George: Playing Their Cards Right: Ethnic Parties and Government Coalitions in Postcommunist Europe. (2016).
60.
Tzelgov, Eitan: Communist successor parties and government survival in Central Eastern Europe, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/doi/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2010.01937.x/epdf, (2012).
61.
Fidrmuc, J.: Economics of voting in post-communist countries. Electoral Studies. 19, 199–217 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(99)00048-7.
62.
Olson, D.M.: Party Formation and Party System Consolidation in the New Democracies of Central Europe. Political Studies. 46, 432–464 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00150.
63.
Bielasiak, J.: The Institutionalization of Electoral and Party Systems in Postcommunist States. Comparative Politics. 34, (2002). https://doi.org/10.2307/4146937.
64.
Mair, P., van Biezen, I.: Party Membership in Twenty European Democracies, 1980-2000. Party Politics. 7, 5–21 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068801007001001.
65.
Grzymala-Busse, A.: Authoritarian Determinants of Democratic Party Competition: The Communist Successor Parties in East Central Europe. Party Politics. 12, 415–437 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068806063089.
66.
Communist and Post-Communist Studies Special Edition. 41, (2008).
67.
Ishiyama, J.T.: Communist Parties in Transition: Structures, Leaders, and Processes of Democratization in Eastern Europe. Comparative Politics. 27, (1995). https://doi.org/10.2307/422162.
68.
John T. Ishiyama: The sickle or the rose? Previous regime types and the evolution of the ex-Communist parties in post-Communist politics. Comparative Political Studies.
69.
Ishiyama, J., Bozóki, A.: Adaptation and Change: Characterizing the Survival Strategies of the Communist Successor Parties. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics. 17, 32–51 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1080/714003582.
70.
Williams, K., Fowler †, B., Szczerbiak, A.: Explaining lustration in Central Europe: a ‘post-communist politics’ approach. Democratization. 12, 22–43 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1080/1351034042000317943.
71.
Roman David: Transitional Injustice? Criteria for Conformity of Lustration to the Right to Political Expression. Europe-Asia Studies. 56, 789–812 (2004). https://doi.org/10.2307/4147366.
72.
Horne, C.M.: Late lustration programmes in Romania and Poland: supporting or undermining democratic transitions? Democratization. 16, 344–376 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340902732581.
73.
The communist torturers of Eastern Europe: Prosecute and punish or forgive and forget? Communist and Post-Communist Studies.
74.
Osiatynski, Wiktor: Decommunization and Recommunization in Poland. East European Constitutional Review. 3, (1994).
75.
Helga A. Welsh: Dealing with the Communist past: Central and East European Experiences after 1990. Europe-Asia Studies. 48, 413–428 (1996). https://doi.org/10.2307/152734.
76.
Roman David: Transitional Injustice? Criteria for Conformity of Lustration to the Right to Political Expression. Europe-Asia Studies. 56, 789–812 (2004). https://doi.org/10.2307/4147366.
77.
Nenad Sebek, M.H., Dusan Reljic: Disclosing Hidden History: Lustration in the Western Balkans, http://www.lustration.net/.
78.
Applebaum, Anne: The Fall and Rise of the Communists: Guess Who’s Running Central Europe? (1994).
79.
Jelena Subotic: Remembrance, Public Narratives, and Obstacles to Justice in the Western Balkans. (2013).
80.
Subotic, Jelena: Expanding the scope of post-conflict justice: Individual, state and societal responsibility for mass atrocity. (2011).
81.
Tighe, Carl: Lustration – the Polish experience. (2016).
82.
Stan, Lavinia: Vigilante justice in post-communist Europe. (2011).
83.
Appel, Hilary: Anti-communist justice and founding the post-communist order: Lustration and restitution in Central Europe. (2005).
84.
Horne, Cynthia M.: The impact of lustration on democratization in postcommunist countries. (2014).
85.
Nalepa, Monika: Tolerating Mistakes. (2012).
86.
Killingsworth, Matt: Lustration and Legitimacy. (2010).
87.
Tomczuk, Sara Jean: Contention, consensus, and memories of communism: Comparing Czech and Slovak memory politics in public spaces, 1993–2012. (2016).
88.
Jaskovska, Eva and Moran, John P.: Justice or Politics? Criminal, Civil and Political Adjudication in the Newly Independent Baltic States. (2006).
89.
Szczerbiak, Aleks: Deepening democratisation? Exploring the declared motives for ‘late’ lustration in Poland. (2016).
90.
Szczerbiak, Aleks: Explaining patterns of lustration and communist security service file access in post-1989 Poland. (2014).
91.
Szczerbiak, Aleks: The Politics of Transitional Justice, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJ9Ra8MBlGU, (2014).
92.
Orenstein, M.A.: What Happened in East European (Political) Economies?: A Balance Sheet for Neoliberal Reform. East European Politics & Societies. 23, 479–490 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325409342109.
93.
Joel S. Hellman: Winners Take All: The Politics of Partial Reform in Postcommunist Transitions. World Politics. 50, 203–234 (1998). https://doi.org/10.2307/25054036.
94.
Leszek, Balcerowicz, 1994: Understanding Postcommunist Transitions. Journal of democracy. 5,.
95.
D Lipton, J Sachs, S Fischer, J Kornai -: Creating a market economy in Eastern Europe: The case of Poland. (1990).
96.
Neil A. Abrams & M. Steven Fish: Policies first, institutions second: lessons from Estonia’s economic reforms. (2015).
97.
Hellman, Joel: Constitutions and Economic Reform in the Postcommunist Transitions. East European Constitutional Review. 5, (1996).
98.
V. Bunce: DEMOCRATIZATION AND ECONOMIC REFORM. (2001).
99.
Orenstein, Mitchell: Vaclav Klaus: Revolutionary and Parliamentarian. East European Constitutional Review. 7, (1998).
100.
Grzegorz Ekiert, Jan Kubik, and Milada Anna Vachudova: Democracy in the Post-Communist World: An Unending Quest? (2007).
101.
Orenstein, Mitchell: Vaclav Klaus: Revolutionary and Parliamentarian. East European Constitutional Review. 7, (1998).
102.
Fidrmuc, J.: Economics of voting in post-communist countries. Electoral Studies. 19, 199–217 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(99)00048-7.
103.
Izyumov, Alexei: Human Costs of Post-communist Transition: Public Policies and Private Response. (2010).
104.
Orenstein, M.: Poland: from tragedy to triumph, http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/ps/i.do?&id=GALE|A363189508&v=2.1&u=leicester&it=r&p=EAIM&sw=w&authCount=1, (2014).
105.
Romaniuk, Piotr and Szromek, Adam R.: The evolution of the health system outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe and their association with social, economic and political factors: an analysis of 25 years of transition. (2016).
106.
Adam, Frane ; Kristan, Primož ; Tomšič, Matevž: Varieties of capitalism in Eastern Europe (with special emphasis on Estonia and Slovenia). (2009).
107.
Sokol, M.: Central and Eastern Europe a decade after the fall of state-socialism: Regional dimensions of transition processes. (2001).
108.
O Lelkes: Tasting freedom: Happiness, religion and economic transition. (2006).
109.
Park, Ausra: A society of departure in post-communist Europe: socio-political reasons behind mass Lithuanian emigration. (2015).
110.
Michael Shafir: Xenophobic Communism-The Case of Bulgaria and Romania. The World Today. 45, 208–212 (1989). https://doi.org/10.2307/40396073.
111.
Schöpflin, George1: National identity in the Soviet Union and East Central Europe. Ethnic & Racial Studies. 14,.
112.
Carol Skalnik Leff: Democratization and Disintegration in Multinational States: The Breakup of the Communist Federations. World Politics. 51, 205–235 (1999). https://doi.org/10.2307/25054074.
113.
Slavenka Drakuli%u0107, Cas, Mudde, 2001: In the Name of the Peasantry, the Proletariat, and the People: Populisms in Eastern Europe,. 15, 1–9.
114.
Licia Cianetti: Granting Local Voting Rights to Non-Citizens in Estonia and Latvia: The Conundrum of Minority Representation in Two Divided Democracies. (2014).
115.
Waterbury, Myra A: Making Citizens Beyond the Borders: Nonresident Ethnic Citizenship in Post-Communist Europe. (2014).
116.
C Iordachi: Dual Citizenship in Post-communist Central and Eastern Europe: Regional Integration and Inter-ethnic Tensions. (2004).
117.
Agarin, Timofey: Resident Aliens? Explaining Minority Disaffection with Democratic Politics in the Baltic States. (2013).
118.
Agarin, Timofey: Civil society versus nationalizing state? Advocacy of minority rights in the post-socialist Baltic states. (2011).
119.
Agarin, Timofey ; Regelmann, Ada‐Charlotte: Which is the Only Game in Town? Minority Rights Issues in Estonia and Slovakia During and After EU Accession. (2012).
120.
Regelmann, Ada-Charlotte: Ethnic Cleansing and the European Union. An Interdisciplinary Approach to Security, Memory and Ethnography. (2015).
121.
R Vetik -: Ethnic Conflict and Accommodation in Post-Communist Estonia. (1993).
122.
C Joppke: Citizenship between De- and Re-Ethnicization. In: Bodemann, Y. and Yurdakul, G. (eds.) Migration, Citizenship, Ethnos. Palgrave Macmillan US (2006).
123.
Brubaker, Rogers: Nationalizing states revisited: projects and processes of nationalization in post-Soviet states, Ethnic and Racial Studie. (2010).
124.
Brubaker, Rogers: Nationalizing states revisited: projects and processes of nationalization in post-Soviet states, Ethnic and Racial Studie. (2010).
125.
Pettai, Vello ; Hallik, Klara: Understanding processes of ethnic control: segmentation, dependency and co–optation in post–communist Estonia. (2002).
126.
ROGERS BRUBAKER: In the name of the nation: reflections on nationalism and patriotism. (2004).
127.
Michael Minkenberg, Michael, Minkenberg: The Radical Right in Post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe: Comparative Observations and Interpretations. 16, 335–362.
128.
Tismaneanu, V.: Discomforts of Victory: Democracy, Liberal Values and Nationalism in Post-Communist Europe. West European Politics. 25, 81–100 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1080/713869600.
129.
Oleh Protsyk, Cas, Mudde: Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. 19, 135–160.
130.
BJORKLUND, F.: The East European ’ethnic nation’- Myth or reality? European Journal of Political Research. 45, 93–121 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2005.00292.x.
131.
Milica Z. Bookman: War and Peace: The Divergent Breakups of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. Journal of Peace Research. 31, 175–187 (1994). https://doi.org/10.2307/425031.
132.
Evans, G., Whitefield, S.: The Structuring of Political Cleavages in Post-Communist Societies: the Case of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Political Studies. 46, 115–139 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00133.
133.
Paal Sigurd Hilde: Slovak Nationalism and the Break-Up of Czechoslovakia. Europe-Asia Studies. 51, 647–665 (1999). https://doi.org/10.2307/153565.
134.
From Democracy Fatigue to Populist Backlash. Journal of Democracy. 18, 17–25 (2007).
135.
Mudde, C.: Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. East European Politics and Societies. 19, 161–184 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325404270965.
136.
de Lange, S.L., Guerra, S.: The League of Polish Families between East and West, past and present. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 42, 527–549 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2009.10.006.
137.
C, Mudde: EU Accession and a New Populist Center-Periphery Clevage in Central and Eastern Europe. (2004).
138.
Bustikova, Lenka: Revenge of the Radical Right. (2014).
139.
Minkenberg, Michael: From Pariah to Policy-Maker? The Radical Right in Europe, West and East: Between Margin and Mainstream. (2013).
140.
Michael Minkenberg: Leninist beneficiaries? Pre-1989 legacies and the radical right in post-1989 Central and Eastern Europe. Some introductory observations. (2009).
141.
Wróbel, Szymon: Mourning Populism. The Case of Poland. (2011).
142.
Vujacic, Veljko: From class to nation: left, right, and the ideological and institutional roots of post-communist ‘national socialism’. (2003).
143.
Benczes, István: From goulash communism to goulash populism: the unwanted legacy of Hungarian reform socialism. (2016).
144.
Stanley, Ben: Confrontation by default and confrontation by design: strategic and institutional responses to Poland’s populist coalition government. (2015).
145.
Stefanova, Boyka: Ethnic nationalism, social structure, and political agency: explaining electoral support for the radical right in Bulgaria. (2009).
146.
Slavenka Drakuli%u0107, Cas, Mudde, 2001: In the Name of the Peasantry, the Proletariat, and the People: Populisms in Eastern Europe,. 15, 1–9.
147.
Mudde, C.: Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. East European Politics and Societies. 19, 161–184 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325404270965.
148.
Michael Minkenberg, Michael, Minkenberg: The Radical Right in Post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe: Comparative Observations and Interpretations. 16, 335–362.
149.
From Democracy Fatigue to Populist Backlash. Journal of Democracy. 18, 17–25 (2007).
150.
H, Grabbe: A Partnership for Accession? The Implications of EU Conditionality for the Central and East European Applicant, http://www.esiweb.org/enlargement/?cat=78, (1999).
151.
Szczerbiak, A., Taggart, P.: The Politics of European Referendum Outcomes and Turnout: Two Models. West European Politics. 27, 557–583 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1080/0140238042000249920.
152.
Szczerbiak, A., Taggart, P.: Conclusion: Towards a Model of (European) Referendums. West European Politics. 27, 749–777 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1080/0140238042000249849.
153.
When east meets west. The Economist.
154.
Now that we are all bundled inside, let’s shut the door - European Union enlargement. The Economist.
155.
Geoffrey Pridham: The European Union’s Democratic Conditionality and Domestic Politics in Slovakia: The Me%u010Diar and Dzurinda Governments Compared. Europe-Asia Studies. 54, 203–227 (2002). https://doi.org/10.2307/826325.
156.
Schimmelfennig, F., Sedelmeier, U.: Theorizing EU enlargement: research focus, hypotheses, and the state of research. Journal of European Public Policy. 9, 500–528 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760210152411.
157.
Schimmelfennig, F.: Liberal community and enlargement: an event history analysis. Journal of European Public Policy. 9, 598–626 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760210152457.
158.
Frank Schimmelfennig: The Community Trap: Liberal Norms, Rhetorical Action, and the Eastern Enlargement of the European Union. International Organization. 55, 47–80 (2001). https://doi.org/10.2307/3078597.
159.
F, Schimmelfennig: The Double Puzzle of EU Enlargment - ARENA Centre for European Studies, http://www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/publications/arena-publications/workingpapers/working-papers1999/wp99_15.htm, (1999).
160.
Sjursen, H.1: Why Expand?: The Question of Legitimacy and Justification in the EU%u2019s Enlargement Policy. Journal of Common Market Studies. 40, 491–513.
161.
David R. Cameron: East European Politics & Societies. 17, 24–41.
162.
Heather Grabbe: European Union Conditionality and the ‘Acquis Communautaire’. International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique. 23, 249–268 (2002). https://doi.org/10.2307/1601310.
163.
Rose, Richard: Democracy and enlarging the European Union eastwards. Journal of Common Market Studies. 33,.
164.
Hafner, D.F.: Dilemas in managing the expanding EU: the EU and applicant states’ points of view. Journal of European Public Policy. 6, 783–801 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1080/135017699343388.
165.
Szczerbiak, A.: Polish Public Opinion: Explaining Declining Support for EU Membership. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 39, 105–122 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00278.
166.
Ehin, P.: Determinants of public support for EU membership: Data from the Baltic countries. European Journal of Political Research. 40, 31–56 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00588.
167.
Kopecky, P., Mudde, C.: The Two Sides of Euroscepticism: Party Positions on European Integration in East Central Europe. European Union Politics. 3, 297–326 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116502003003002.
168.
Jack Bielasiak: Determinants of Public Opinion Differences on EU Accession in Poland. Europe-Asia Studies. 54, 1241–1266 (2002). https://doi.org/10.2307/826385.
169.
Bojkov, V.D.: Neither here, not there: Bulgaria and Romania in current European politics. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 37, 509–522 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2004.09.002.
170.
Caplanova, Anetta1Orviska, Marta2Hudson, John3: Eastern European Attitudes to Integration with Western Europe. Journal of Common Market Studies. 42, 271–287.
171.
Jesús Crespo-Cuaresma, Jarko Fidrmuc and Maria Antoinette Silgoner: On the Road: The Path of Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania to the EU and the Euro. Europe-Asia Studies. 57, 843–858 (2005). https://doi.org/10.2307/30043926.
172.
Grabbe, H.: How does Europeanization affect CEE governance? Conditionality, diffusion and diversity. Journal of European Public Policy. 8, 1013–1031 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760110098323.
173.
Hough, D., Handl, V.: The post-communist left and the European Union. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 37, 319–339 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2004.06.002.
174.
Lass-Lennecke, K., Werner, A.: Policies, institutions and time: how the European Commission managed the temporal challenge of eastern enlargement. Journal of European Public Policy. 16, 270–285 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760802589305.
175.
Schimmelfennig, F., Sedelmeier, U.: Theorizing EU enlargement: research focus, hypotheses, and the state of research. Journal of European Public Policy. 9, 500–528 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760210152411.
176.
Schimmelfennig, F., Scholtz, H.: EU Democracy Promotion in the European Neighbourhood: Political Conditionality, Economic Development and Transnational Exchange. European Union Politics. 9, 187–215 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116508089085.
177.
Sjursen, H.1: Why Expand?: The Question of Legitimacy and Justification in the EU%u2019s Enlargement Policy. Journal of Common Market Studies. 40, 491–513.
178.
Steves, F.: Poland and the international system: external influences on democratic consolidation. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 34, 339–352 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-067X(01)00012-5.
179.
Szczerbiak, A.: Polish Public Opinion: Explaining Declining Support for EU Membership. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 39, 105–122 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00278.
180.
R%u016F%u017Eena Vintrová: The CEE Countries on the Way into the EU: Adjustment Problems: Institutional Adjustment, Real and Nominal Convergence. Europe-Asia Studies. 56, 521–541 (2004). https://doi.org/10.2307/4147385.
181.
West European Politics - Special Issue on ‘The Enlarged European Union’, http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/toc/fwep20/25/2#.UxX5GIUz_1U.
182.
Aleks, Szczerbiak, P., Taggart: Paul Taggart and Aleks Szczerbiak, The Party Politics of Euroscepticism in EU Member and Candidate States. SEI Working Paper 51, http://www.sussex.ac.uk/sei/research/europeanpartieselectionsreferendumsnetwork/epernworkingpapers.
183.
Taggart, P., Szczerbiak, A.: Contemporary Euroscepticism in the party systems of the European Union candidate states of Central and Eastern Europe. European Journal of Political Research. 43, 1–27 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2004.00143.x.
184.
Schimmelfennig, F., Sedelmeier, U.: Theorizing EU enlargement: research focus, hypotheses, and the state of research. Journal of European Public Policy. 9, 500–528 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760210152411.
185.
Guasti, Petra: Development of citizen participation in Central and Eastern Europe after the EU enlargement and economic crises. (2016).
186.
Schwarz, Oliver: Two steps forward one step back: what shapes the process of EU enlargement in South-Eastern Europe? (2016).
187.
Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, http://www.rferl.org/default.aspx.
188.
Centre for European Reform.
189.
Public Opinion analysis - Homepage - European Commission, http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm.
190.
The European Parliament website, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/search.html.
191.
EPERN Working Papers : European Parties Elections & Referendums Network : ... : Sussex European Institute : University of Sussex, http://www.sussex.ac.uk/sei/research/europeanpartieselectionsreferendumsnetwork/epernworkingpapers.
192.
Journal of Common Market Studies Special Edition on Euroscepticism, http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/ehost/results?sid=03e748af-0079-4ff2-b2a2-5989124139c7%40sessionmgr111&vid=2&hid=114&bquery=JN %22Journal of Common Market Studies%22 AND DT 20130101&bdata=JmRiPWJ1aCZ0eXBlPTEmc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZl.
193.
Journal of European Public Policy Special issue on ‘Beyond conditionality: international institutions in post-communist Europe after enlargement’, http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/toc/rjpp20/15/6#.UxYIQoUz_1U.
194.
Noutcheva, G.: Fake, partial and imposed compliance: the limits of the EU’s normative power in the Western Balkans. Journal of European Public Policy. 16, 1065–1084 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760903226872.
195.
PRIDHAM, GEOFFREY: The EU’s Political Conditionality and Post-Accession Tendencies: Comparisons from Slovakia and Latvia. Journal of Common Market Studies. 46, 365–387.
196.
Rohrschneider, R., Whitefield, S.: Consistent choice sets? The stances of political parties towards European integration in ten Central East European democracies, 2003–2007. Journal of European Public Policy. 17, 55–75 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760903464903.
197.
Sedelmeier, U.: Anchoring Democracy from Above? The European Union and Democratic Backsliding in Hungary and Romania after Accession. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 52, 105–121 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12082.
199.
Southeast European and Black Sea Studies Special Edition Europeanization and Multi-Level Governance, http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/toc/fbss20/10/1#.UxYKNIUz_1U.
200.
Freyburg, T., Richter, S.: National identity matters: the limited impact of EU political conditionality in the Western Balkans. Journal of European Public Policy. 17, 263–281 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760903561450.
201.
Friis, L., Murphy, A.: ‘Turbo-charged negotiations’: the EU and the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. Journal of European Public Policy. 7, 767–786 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760010014948.
202.
Trauner, F.: From membership conditionality to policy conditionality: EU external governance in South Eastern Europe. Journal of European Public Policy. 16, 774–790 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760902983564.
203.
Mark Webber: International Affairs Special Edition on Kosovo war. 85, (2009).
204.
Freedom House, http://www.freedomhouse.org/.
205.
Amanda, Schnetzer, J., Goerhring: Essay: Outlook for a New Democratic Spring | Freedom House, https://freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/nations-transit-2005.
206.
Esther Barbé and Elisabeth Johansson-Nogués: The EU as a Modest ‘Force for Good’: The European Neighbourhood Policy. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-). 84, 81–96 (2008). https://doi.org/10.2307/25144716.
207.
BECHEV, DIMITARNICOLAÏDIS, KALYPSO1: From Policy to Polity: Can the EU’s Special Relations with its %u2018Neighbourhood%u2019 be Decentred? Journal of Common Market Studies. 48, 475–500.
208.
Dimitrova, A., Dragneva, R.: Constraining external governance: interdependence with Russia and the CIS as limits to the EU’s rule transfer in the Ukraine. Journal of European Public Policy. 16, 853–872 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760903087894.
209.
Richard, Youngs, M., Emerson: Democracy’s Plight in the European Neighbourhood: Struggling transitions and proliferating dynasties | The Centre for European Policy Studies, http://www.ceps.eu/book/democracy%25E2%2580%2599s-plight-european-neighbourhood-struggling-transitions-and-proliferating-dynasties.
210.
Elena, Gnedina: Synergies vs. Spheres of Influence in the Pan-European Space | The Centre for European Policy Studies, http://www.ceps.eu/book/synergies-vs-spheres-influence-pan-european-space.
211.
Freyburg, T., Lavenex, S., Schimmelfennig, F., Skripka, T., Wetzel, A.: EU promotion of democratic governance in the neighbourhood. Journal of European Public Policy. 16, 916–934 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760903088405.
212.
James, Sherr: The Mortgaging of Ukraine’s Independence | Chatham House, http://www.chathamhouse.org/publications/papers/view/109440.
213.
WHITE, STEPHENKOROSTELEVA, JULIA1MCALLISTER, IAN2: A Wider Europe? The View from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Journal of Common Market Studies. 46, 219–241.
214.
WHITMAN, R.G., WOLFF, S.: The EU as a conflict manager? The case of Georgia and its implications. International Affairs. 86, 87–107 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2010.00870.x.
215.
Youngs, R.: Democracy promotion as external governance? Journal of European Public Policy. 16, 895–915 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760903088272.
216.
Henderson, Karen, K. Henderson & N. Robinson: Introduction. In: Post-communist politics: an introduction. Prentice Hall, London (1997).
217.
Schopflin, George: Chapter 9: The End of Communism in Central and Eastern Europe. In: Politics in Eastern Europe, 1945-1992. Blackwell, Oxford (1993).
218.
Crawford, Keith: Chapter 2: Communism and Totalitarianism. In: East Central European politics today. Manchester University Press, Manchester (1996).
219.
Huntington, Samuel P.: What? [inc. notes]. In: The third wave: democratization in the late twentieth century. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Okla (1991).
220.
Mason, David S.: Chapter One: The Establishment and Decay of Communism in East-Central Europe [inc. notes]. In: Revolution in East-Central Europe: the rise and fall of Communism and the Cold War. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo (1992).
221.
Lijphart, Arend, Barbara Geddes: Chapter Two: Initiation of new Democratic Institutions in Eastern Europe and Latin America. In: Institutional design in new democracies. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo (1996).
222.
White, Stephen, J. Batt: Chapter 1: Introduction: Defining Central and Eastern Europe. In: Developments in Central and East European politics 4. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke (2007).
223.
Elster, Jon, Jon Elster,Claus Offe, Ulrich K. Preuss with Frank Boenker, Ulrike Goetting and Friedbert W. Rueb: Chapter 4: Building and consolidating democracies. In: Institutional design in post-communist societies: rebuilding the ship at sea. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1998).
224.
Linz, Juan J., Juan J. Linz & Alfred Stepan: Chapter 1: Democracy and its arenas. In: Problems of democratic transition and consolidation: southern Europe, South America, and post-communist Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md (1996).
225.
Linz, Juan J. and Stepan, Alfred: Chapter 3 - Nondemocratic Regimes. In: Problems of democratic transition and consolidation: southern Europe, South America, and post-communist Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md (1996).
226.
Linz, Juan J. and Stepan, Alfred: Chapter 4 - The Implications of Prior Regime Type for Transition Paths and Consolidation Tasks. In: Problems of democratic transition and consolidation: southern Europe, South America, and post-communist Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md (1996).
227.
Holmes, Leslie: Chapter 1: On Communism and Post-Communism. In: Post-communism: an introduction. pp. 3–22. Polity Press, Oxford (1997).
