[1]
A Grzymala-Busse and PJ Luong Reconceptualizing the state: lessons from post-communism.
[2]
Abby Innes 2002. Party Competition in Postcommunist Europe: The Great Electoral Lottery. (2002).
[3]
Adam, Frane ; Kristan, Primož ; Tomšič, Matevž 2009. Varieties of capitalism in Eastern Europe (with special emphasis on Estonia and Slovenia). (2009).
[4]
Adam Przeworski and Fernando Limongi 1997. Modernization: Theories and Facts. (1997).
[5]
Adam Przeworski and Fernando Limongi 1993. Political Regimes and Economic Growth. (1993).
[6]
Adam Przeworski, Michael Alvarez, José Antonio Cheibub, and Fernando Limongi 1996. What makes democracies endure. (1996).
[7]
Agarin, Timofey 2011. Civil society versus nationalizing state? Advocacy of minority rights in the post-socialist Baltic states. (2011).
[8]
Agarin, Timofey 2013. Resident Aliens? Explaining Minority Disaffection with Democratic Politics in the Baltic States. (2013).
[9]
Agarin, Timofey ; Regelmann, Ada‐Charlotte 2012. Which is the Only Game in Town? Minority Rights Issues in Estonia and Slovakia During and After EU Accession. (2012).
[10]
Agh, Attila ‘Cultural war and Reinventing the Past in Poland and Hungary: The Politics of Historical Memory in East-Central Europe’.
[11]
Agh Attila 2016. The Decline of Democracy in East-Central Europe: Hungary as the Worst-Case Scenario. (2016).
[12]
Alfred Stepan and Cindy Skach 1993. Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation: Parliamentarianism versus Presidentialism. (1993).
[13]
Andreas Schedler 1998. What is Democratic Consolidation? (1998).
[14]
Anna Grzymala-Busse 2006. The Discreet Charm of Formal Institutions Postcommunist Party Competition and State Oversight. (2006).
[15]
Appel, Hilary 2005. Anti-communist justice and founding the post-communist order: Lustration and restitution in Central Europe. (2005).
[16]
Applebaum, Anne 1994. The Fall and Rise of the Communists: Guess Who’s Running Central Europe? (1994).
[17]
BECHEV, DIMITARNICOLAÏDIS, KALYPSO1 From Policy to Polity: Can the EU’s Special Relations with its %u2018Neighbourhood%u2019 be Decentred? Journal of Common Market Studies. 48, 3, 475–500.
[18]
Benczes, István 2016. From goulash communism to goulash populism: the unwanted legacy of Hungarian reform socialism. (2016).
[19]
Bielasiak, J. 2002. The Institutionalization of Electoral and Party Systems in Postcommunist States. Comparative Politics. 34, 2 (Jan. 2002). DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/4146937.
[20]
Bilinski, Adam 2015. Cultural legacies and electoral performance of ethnic minority parties in post‐communist Europe. (2015).
[21]
BJORKLUND, F. 2006. The East European ’ethnic nation’- Myth or reality? European Journal of Political Research. 45, 1 (Jan. 2006), 93–121. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2005.00292.x.
[22]
Bojkov, V.D. 2004. Neither here, not there: Bulgaria and Romania in current European politics. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 37, 4 (Dec. 2004), 509–522. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2004.09.002.
[23]
Brubaker, Rogers 2010. Nationalizing states revisited: projects and processes of nationalization in post-Soviet states, Ethnic and Racial Studie. (2010).
[24]
Brubaker, Rogers 2010. Nationalizing states revisited: projects and processes of nationalization in post-Soviet states, Ethnic and Racial Studie. (2010).
[25]
Bustikova, Lenka 2014. Revenge of the Radical Right. (2014).
[26]
C Iordachi 2004. Dual Citizenship in Post-communist Central and Eastern Europe: Regional Integration and Inter-ethnic Tensions.
[27]
C Joppke 2006. Citizenship between De- and Re-Ethnicization. Migration, Citizenship, Ethnos. Bodemann, Y. and Yurdakul, G., eds. Palgrave Macmillan US.
[28]
C, Mudde 2004. EU Accession and a New Populist Center-Periphery Clevage in Central and Eastern Europe. (2004).
[29]
Caplanova, Anetta1Orviska, Marta2Hudson, John3 Eastern European Attitudes to Integration with Western Europe. Journal of Common Market Studies. 42, 2, 271–287.
[30]
Carl Bildt 1994. The Baltic Litmus Test. (1994).
[31]
Carol Skalnik Leff 1999. Democratization and Disintegration in Multinational States: The Breakup of the Communist Federations. World Politics. 51, 2 (1999), 205–235. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/25054074.
[32]
Carter, Jeff, Bernhard, M. and Nordstrom, T. 2016. Communist Legacies and Democratic Survival in a Comparative Perspective: Liability or Advantage. (2016).
[33]
Casal Bértoa, F. 2012. Parties, regime and cleavages: explaining party system institutionalisation in East Central Europe. East European Politics. 28, 4 (Dec. 2012), 452–472.
[34]
Casal Bértoa, Fernando 2016. Political parties or party systems? Assessing the ‘myth’ of institutionalisation and democracy. (2016).
[35]
Centre for European Reform: .
[36]
Charles Crabtree and Matt Golder 2017. Party System Volatility in Post-Communist Europe. (2017).
[37]
Claus Offe 1994. Designing Institutions for East European Transition.
[38]
Crawford, Keith 1996. Chapter 2: Communism and Totalitarianism. East Central European politics today. Manchester University Press.
[39]
D Lipton, J Sachs, S Fischer, J Kornai - 1990. Creating a market economy in Eastern Europe: The case of Poland. (1990).
[40]
David R. Cameron East European Politics & Societies. 17, 24–41.
[41]
Dawson, James and Hanley, Sean 2016. The Fading Mirage of Illiberal Consensus. (2016).
[42]
Democracy’s Plight in the European Neighbourhood: Struggling transitions and proliferating dynasties | The Centre for European Policy Studies: 2009. http://www.ceps.eu/book/democracy%25E2%2580%2599s-plight-european-neighbourhood-struggling-transitions-and-proliferating-dynasties.
[43]
Dimitrova, A. and Dragneva, R. 2009. Constraining external governance: interdependence with Russia and the CIS as limits to the EU’s rule transfer in the Ukraine. Journal of European Public Policy. 16, 6 (Sep. 2009), 853–872. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760903087894.
[44]
Disclosing Hidden History: Lustration in the Western Balkans,: 2005. http://www.lustration.net/.
[45]
Ehin, P. 2001. Determinants of public support for EU membership: Data from the Baltic countries. European Journal of Political Research. 40, 1 (Aug. 2001), 31–56. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00588.
[46]
Elster, Jon and Jon Elster,Claus Offe, Ulrich K. Preuss with Frank Boenker, Ulrike Goetting and Friedbert W. Rueb 1998. Chapter 4: Building and consolidating democracies. Institutional design in post-communist societies: rebuilding the ship at sea. Cambridge University Press.
[47]
EPERN Working Papers : European Parties Elections & Referendums Network : ... : Sussex European Institute : University of Sussex: http://www.sussex.ac.uk/sei/research/europeanpartieselectionsreferendumsnetwork/epernworkingpapers.
[48]
Essay: Outlook for a New Democratic Spring | Freedom House: 2005. https://freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/nations-transit-2005.
[49]
Esther Barbé and Elisabeth Johansson-Nogués 2008. The EU as a Modest ‘Force for Good’: The European Neighbourhood Policy. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-). 84, 1 (2008), 81–96. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/25144716.
[50]
Evans, G. and Whitefield, S. 1998. The Structuring of Political Cleavages in Post-Communist Societies: the Case of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Political Studies. 46, 1 (Mar. 1998), 115–139. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00133.
[51]
F, Schimmelfennig 1999. The Double Puzzle of EU Enlargment - ARENA Centre for European Studies.
[52]
Fabbrini, S. 1995. Presidents, Parliaments, & Good Government. Journal of Democracy. 6, 3 (1995), 128–138. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0047.
[53]
Fabbrini, Sergio 1995. Presidents, Parliaments, & Good Government. (1995).
[54]
Fidrmuc, J. 2000. Economics of voting in post-communist countries. Electoral Studies. 19, 2–3 (Jun. 2000), 199–217. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(99)00048-7.
[55]
Fidrmuc, J. 2000. Economics of voting in post-communist countries. Electoral Studies. 19, 2–3 (Jun. 2000), 199–217. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(99)00048-7.
[56]
Fish, M.S. (Michael S. 2006. Stronger Legislatures, Stronger Democracies. Journal of Democracy. 17, 1 (2006), 5–20. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2006.0008.
[57]
Frank Schimmelfennig 2001. The Community Trap: Liberal Norms, Rhetorical Action, and the Eastern Enlargement of the European Union. International Organization. 55, 1 (2001), 47–80. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/3078597.
[58]
Freedom House: http://www.freedomhouse.org/.
[59]
Freyburg, T. et al. 2009. EU promotion of democratic governance in the neighbourhood. Journal of European Public Policy. 16, 6 (Sep. 2009), 916–934. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760903088405.
[60]
Freyburg, T. and Richter, S. 2010. National identity matters: the limited impact of EU political conditionality in the Western Balkans. Journal of European Public Policy. 17, 2 (Mar. 2010), 263–281. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760903561450.
[61]
Friis, L. and Murphy, A. 2000. ‘Turbo-charged negotiations’: the EU and the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. Journal of European Public Policy. 7, 5 (Jan. 2000), 767–786. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760010014948.
[62]
Frye Thomas 1997. A Politics of Institutional Choice: Post-Communist Presidencies. (1997).
[63]
Geoffrey Evans and Stephen Whitefield 1993. Identifying the Bases of Party Competition in Eastern Europe. British Journal of Political Science. 23, 4 (1993), 521–548. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/194215.
[64]
Geoffrey Pridham 2002. The European Union’s Democratic Conditionality and Domestic Politics in Slovakia: The Me%u010Diar and Dzurinda Governments Compared. Europe-Asia Studies. 54, 2 (2002), 203–227. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/826325.
[65]
George Schöpflin 2011. On Totalitarianism.
[66]
Gerardo L. Munck and Carol Skalnik Leff 1997. Modes of Transition and Democratization: South America and Eastern Europe in Comparative Perspective. (1997).
[67]
Gherghina, Sergiu and Jiglău, George 2016. Playing Their Cards Right: Ethnic Parties and Government Coalitions in Postcommunist Europe. (2016).
[68]
Grabbe, H. 2001. How does Europeanization affect CEE governance? Conditionality, diffusion and diversity. Journal of European Public Policy. 8, 6 (Jan. 2001), 1013–1031. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760110098323.
[69]
Grigore Pop-Eleches 2007. Historical Legacies and Post‐Communist Regime Change. (2007).
[70]
Grigore Pop-Eleches and Joshua A. Tucker 2012. Post-communist legacies and political behavior and attitudes.
[71]
Grzegorz Ekiert, Jan Kubik, and Milada Anna Vachudova 2007. Democracy in the Post-Communist World: An Unending Quest? (2007).
[72]
Grzymala-Busse, A. 2006. Authoritarian Determinants of Democratic Party Competition: The Communist Successor Parties in East Central Europe. Party Politics. 12, 3 (May 2006), 415–437. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068806063089.
[73]
Guasti, Petra 2016. Development of citizen participation in Central and Eastern Europe after the EU enlargement and economic crises. (2016).
[74]
Guillermo O’Donnell Delegative Democracy.
[75]
H, Grabbe 1999. A Partnership for Accession? The Implications of EU Conditionality for the Central and East European Applicant.
[76]
Hafner, D.F. 1999. Dilemas in managing the expanding EU: the EU and applicant states’ points of view. Journal of European Public Policy. 6, 5 (Jan. 1999), 783–801. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/135017699343388.
[77]
Heather Grabbe 2002. European Union Conditionality and the ‘Acquis Communautaire’. International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique. 23, 3 (2002), 249–268. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/1601310.
[78]
Helga A. Welsh 1996. Dealing with the Communist past: Central and East European Experiences after 1990. Europe-Asia Studies. 48, 3 (1996), 413–428. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/152734.
[79]
Hellman, Joel 1996. Constitutions and Economic Reform in the Postcommunist Transitions. East European Constitutional Review. 5, 1 (1996).
[80]
Henderson, Karen and K. Henderson & N. Robinson 1997. Introduction. Post-communist politics: an introduction. Prentice Hall.
[81]
Holmes, Leslie 1997. Chapter 1: On Communism and Post-Communism. Post-communism: an introduction. Polity Press. 3–22.
[82]
Holmes, Leslie 1992. COMMUNIST AND POST- COMMUNIST SYSTEMS. Encyclopedia of government and politics. Mary Hawksworth and Maurice Kogan, eds. Routledge.
[83]
Holmes, Stephen 1993. Postcommunist Presidency, The. East European Constitutional Review. 2, 4 (1993).
[84]
Horne, C.M. 2009. Late lustration programmes in Romania and Poland: supporting or undermining democratic transitions? Democratization. 16, 2 (Apr. 2009), 344–376. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340902732581.
[85]
Horne, Cynthia M. 2014. The impact of lustration on democratization in postcommunist countries. (2014).
[86]
Hough, D. and Handl, V. 2004. The post-communist left and the European Union. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 37, 3 (Sep. 2004), 319–339. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2004.06.002.
[87]
Huntington, Samuel P. 1991. What? [inc. notes]. The third wave: democratization in the late twentieth century. University of Oklahoma Press.
[88]
Ishiyama, J. and Bozóki, A. 2001. Adaptation and Change: Characterizing the Survival Strategies of the Communist Successor Parties. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics. 17, 3 (Sep. 2001), 32–51. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/714003582.
[89]
Ishiyama, J. and Bozóki, A. 2001. Adaptation and Change: Characterizing the Survival Strategies of the Communist Successor Parties. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics. 17, 3 (Sep. 2001), 32–51. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/714003582.
[90]
Ishiyama, J.T. 1995. Communist Parties in Transition: Structures, Leaders, and Processes of Democratization in Eastern Europe. Comparative Politics. 27, 2 (Jan. 1995). DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/422162.
[91]
Izyumov, Alexei 2010. Human Costs of Post-communist Transition: Public Policies and Private Response. (2010).
[92]
Jack Bielasiak 2002. Determinants of Public Opinion Differences on EU Accession in Poland. Europe-Asia Studies. 54, 8 (2002), 1241–1266. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/826385.
[93]
Jaskovska, Eva and Moran, John P. 2006. Justice or Politics? Criminal, Civil and Political Adjudication in the Newly Independent Baltic States. (2006).
[94]
Jelena Subotic 2013. Remembrance, Public Narratives, and Obstacles to Justice in the Western Balkans. (2013).
[95]
Jesús Crespo-Cuaresma, Jarko Fidrmuc and Maria Antoinette Silgoner 2005. On the Road: The Path of Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania to the EU and the Euro. Europe-Asia Studies. 57, 6 (2005), 843–858. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/30043926.
[96]
Joel S. Hellman 1998. Winners Take All: The Politics of Partial Reform in Postcommunist Transitions. World Politics. 50, 2 (1998), 203–234. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/25054036.
[97]
John T. Ishiyama The sickle or the rose? Previous regime types and the evolution of the ex-Communist parties in post-Communist politics. Comparative Political Studies.
[98]
Joshua Tucker 2016. Communism’s Shadow.
[99]
Journal of Common Market Studies Special Edition on Euroscepticism: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/ehost/results?sid=03e748af-0079-4ff2-b2a2-5989124139c7%40sessionmgr111&vid=2&hid=114&bquery=JN %22Journal of Common Market Studies%22 AND DT 20130101&bdata=JmRiPWJ1aCZ0eXBlPTEmc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZl.
[100]
Journal of European Public Policy Special issue on ‘Beyond conditionality: international institutions in post-communist Europe after enlargement’: http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/toc/rjpp20/15/6#.UxYIQoUz_1U.
[101]
Juan J. Linz 1991. The Perils of Presidentialism. (1991).
[102]
Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan 1998. Toward Consolidated Democracies. (1998).
[103]
Killingsworth, Matt 2010. Lustration and Legitimacy. (2010).
[104]
Kopecky, P. and Mudde, C. 2002. The Two Sides of Euroscepticism: Party Positions on European Integration in East Central Europe. European Union Politics. 3, 3 (Sep. 2002), 297–326. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116502003003002.
[105]
Kopstein, Jeffrey and Bernhard, Michael 2015. Post-Communism, the Civilizing Process, and the Mixed Impact of Leninist Violence. (2015).
[106]
Korbonski, A. 1999. East Central Europe on the eve of the changeover: the case of Poland. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 32, 2 (Jun. 1999), 139–153. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-067X(99)00005-7.
[107]
Krastev, Ivan 2016. The unraveling of the post-1989 order. (2016).
[108]
Kuran, T. 1991. Now out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the East European Revolution of 1989. World Politics. 44, 01 (Oct. 1991), 7–48.
[109]
de Lange, S.L. and Guerra, S. 2009. The League of Polish Families between East and West, past and present. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 42, 4 (Dec. 2009), 527–549. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2009.10.006.
[110]
Larry Diamond 2002. Thinking About Hybrid Regimes. (2002).
[111]
Lass-Lennecke, K. and Werner, A. 2009. Policies, institutions and time: how the European Commission managed the temporal challenge of eastern enlargement. Journal of European Public Policy. 16, 2 (Mar. 2009), 270–285. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760802589305.
[112]
Leszek, Balcerowicz and 1994 Understanding Postcommunist Transitions. Journal of democracy. 5, 4.
[113]
Licia Cianetti 2014. Granting Local Voting Rights to Non-Citizens in Estonia and Latvia: The Conundrum of Minority Representation in Two Divided Democracies. (2014).
[114]
Lijphart, Arend and Barbara Geddes 1996. Chapter Two: Initiation of new Democratic Institutions in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Institutional design in new democracies. Westview Press.
[115]
Linz, Juan J. and Stepan, Alfred 1996. Chapter 3 - Nondemocratic Regimes. Problems of democratic transition and consolidation: southern Europe, South America, and post-communist Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press.
[116]
Linz, Juan J. and Stepan, Alfred 1996. Chapter 4 - The Implications of Prior Regime Type for Transition Paths and Consolidation Tasks. Problems of democratic transition and consolidation: southern Europe, South America, and post-communist Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press.
[117]
Linz, Juan J. and Juan J. Linz & Alfred Stepan 1996. Chapter 1: Democracy and its arenas. Problems of democratic transition and consolidation: southern Europe, South America, and post-communist Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press.
[118]
Mair, P. and van Biezen, I. 2001. Party Membership in Twenty European Democracies, 1980-2000. Party Politics. 7, 1 (Jan. 2001), 5–21. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068801007001001.
[119]
Margit Tavits 2005. The Development of Stable Party Support: Electoral Dynamics in Post-Communist Europe. (2005).
[120]
Mark Webber 2009. International Affairs Special Edition on Kosovo war. 85, 3 (2009).
[121]
Mary Kaldor and Ivan Vejvoda 1997. Democratization in Central and East European Countries. (1997).
[122]
Mason, David S. 1992. Chapter One: The Establishment and Decay of Communism in East-Central Europe [inc. notes]. Revolution in East-Central Europe: the rise and fall of Communism and the Cold War. Westview Press.
[123]
Michael Minkenberg 2009. Leninist beneficiaries? Pre-1989 legacies and the radical right in post-1989 Central and Eastern Europe. Some introductory observations. (2009).
[124]
Michael Minkenberg and Michael, Minkenberg The Radical Right in Post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe: Comparative Observations and Interpretations. 16, 335–362.
[125]
Michael Minkenberg and Michael, Minkenberg The Radical Right in Post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe: Comparative Observations and Interpretations. 16, 335–362.
[126]
Michael Shafir 1989. Xenophobic Communism-The Case of Bulgaria and Romania. The World Today. 45, 12 (1989), 208–212. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/40396073.
[127]
Milica Z. Bookman 1994. War and Peace: The Divergent Breakups of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. Journal of Peace Research. 31, 2 (1994), 175–187. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/425031.
[128]
Minkenberg, Michael 2013. From Pariah to Policy-Maker? The Radical Right in Europe, West and East: Between Margin and Mainstream. (2013).
[129]
Mudde, C. 2005. Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. East European Politics and Societies. 19, 2 (May 2005), 161–184. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325404270965.
[130]
Mudde, C. 2005. Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. East European Politics and Societies. 19, 2 (May 2005), 161–184. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325404270965.
[131]
Nalepa, Monika 2012. Tolerating Mistakes. (2012).
[132]
Neil A. Abrams & M. Steven Fish 2015. Policies first, institutions second: lessons from Estonia’s economic reforms. (2015).
[133]
Noutcheva, G. 2009. Fake, partial and imposed compliance: the limits of the EU’s normative power in the Western Balkans. Journal of European Public Policy. 16, 7 (Oct. 2009), 1065–1084. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760903226872.
[134]
O Lelkes 2006. Tasting freedom: Happiness, religion and economic transition.
[135]
Oleh Protsyk and Cas, Mudde Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. 19, 135–160.
[136]
Olson, D.M. 1998. Party Formation and Party System Consolidation in the New Democracies of Central Europe. Political Studies. 46, 3 (Aug. 1998), 432–464. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00150.
[137]
Orenstein, M. 2014. Poland: from tragedy to triumph.
[138]
Orenstein, M.A. 2009. What Happened in East European (Political) Economies?: A Balance Sheet for Neoliberal Reform. East European Politics & Societies. 23, 4 (Nov. 2009), 479–490. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325409342109.
[139]
Orenstein, Mitchell 1998. Vaclav Klaus: Revolutionary and Parliamentarian. East European Constitutional Review. 7, 1 (1998).
[140]
Orenstein, Mitchell 1998. Vaclav Klaus: Revolutionary and Parliamentarian. East European Constitutional Review. 7, 1 (1998).
[141]
Osiatynski, Wiktor 1994. Decommunization and Recommunization in Poland. East European Constitutional Review. 3, (1994).
[142]
Paal Sigurd Hilde 1999. Slovak Nationalism and the Break-Up of Czechoslovakia. Europe-Asia Studies. 51, 4 (1999), 647–665. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/153565.
[143]
Park, Ausra 2015. A society of departure in post-communist Europe: socio-political reasons behind mass Lithuanian emigration. (2015).
[144]
Party politics in the Baltic states: Social bases and institutional context 1998. V Pettai and M Kreuzer. (1998).
[145]
Patrick H. O’Neil 1996. Revolution from within: Institutional Analysis, Transitions from Authoritarianism, and the Case of Hungary. World Politics. 48, 4 (1996), 579–603. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/25053982.
[146]
Paul Taggart and Aleks Szczerbiak, The Party Politics of Euroscepticism in EU Member and Candidate States. SEI Working Paper 51: 2002. http://www.sussex.ac.uk/sei/research/europeanpartieselectionsreferendumsnetwork/epernworkingpapers.
[147]
Pettai, Vello ; Hallik, Klara 2002. Understanding processes of ethnic control: segmentation, dependency and co–optation in post–communist Estonia. (2002).
[148]
Pop-Eleches, Grigore 2015. Pre-Communist and Communist Developmental Legacies. (2015).
[149]
PRIDHAM, GEOFFREY The EU’s Political Conditionality and Post-Accession Tendencies: Comparisons from Slovakia and Latvia. Journal of Common Market Studies. 46, 2, 365–387.
[150]
Public Opinion analysis - Homepage - European Commission: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm.
[151]
R Vetik - 1993. Ethnic Conflict and Accommodation in Post-Communist Estonia. (1993).
[152]
Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty: http://www.rferl.org/default.aspx.
[153]
Regelmann, Ada-Charlotte 2015. Ethnic Cleansing and the European Union. An Interdisciplinary Approach to Security, Memory and Ethnography. (2015).
[154]
ROGERS BRUBAKER 2004. In the name of the nation: reflections on nationalism and patriotism. (2004).
[155]
Rohrschneider, R. and Whitefield, S. 2010. Consistent choice sets? The stances of political parties towards European integration in ten Central East European democracies, 2003–2007. Journal of European Public Policy. 17, 1 (Jan. 2010), 55–75. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760903464903.
[156]
Roman David 2004. Transitional Injustice? Criteria for Conformity of Lustration to the Right to Political Expression. Europe-Asia Studies. 56, 6 (2004), 789–812. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/4147366.
[157]
Roman David 2004. Transitional Injustice? Criteria for Conformity of Lustration to the Right to Political Expression. Europe-Asia Studies. 56, 6 (2004), 789–812. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/4147366.
[158]
Romaniuk, Piotr and Szromek, Adam R. 2016. The evolution of the health system outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe and their association with social, economic and political factors: an analysis of 25 years of transition.
[159]
Rose, Richard Democracy and enlarging the European Union eastwards. Journal of Common Market Studies. 33, 3.
[160]
R%u016F%u017Eena Vintrová 2004. The CEE Countries on the Way into the EU: Adjustment Problems: Institutional Adjustment, Real and Nominal Convergence. Europe-Asia Studies. 56, 4 (2004), 521–541. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/4147385.
[161]
Rupnik, Jacques 2012. How Things Went Wrong. (2012).
[162]
Rupnik, Jacques 2016. Surging Illiberalism in the East. (2016).
[163]
Schimmelfennig, F. 2002. Liberal community and enlargement: an event history analysis. Journal of European Public Policy. 9, 4 (Jan. 2002), 598–626. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760210152457.
[164]
Schimmelfennig, F. and Scholtz, H. 2008. EU Democracy Promotion in the European Neighbourhood: Political Conditionality, Economic Development and Transnational Exchange. European Union Politics. 9, 2 (Jun. 2008), 187–215. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116508089085.
[165]
Schimmelfennig, F. and Sedelmeier, U. 2002. Theorizing EU enlargement: research focus, hypotheses, and the state of research. Journal of European Public Policy. 9, 4 (Jan. 2002), 500–528. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760210152411.
[166]
Schimmelfennig, F. and Sedelmeier, U. 2002. Theorizing EU enlargement: research focus, hypotheses, and the state of research. Journal of European Public Policy. 9, 4 (Jan. 2002), 500–528. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760210152411.
[167]
Schimmelfennig, F. and Sedelmeier, U. 2002. Theorizing EU enlargement: research focus, hypotheses, and the state of research. Journal of European Public Policy. 9, 4 (Jan. 2002), 500–528. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760210152411.
[168]
Schopflin, G. 1990. The End of Communism in Eastern Europe. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-). 66, 1 (Jan. 1990). DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/2622187.
[169]
Schopflin, George 1993. Chapter 9: The End of Communism in Central and Eastern Europe. Politics in Eastern Europe, 1945-1992. Blackwell.
[170]
Schöpflin, George1 National identity in the Soviet Union and East Central Europe. Ethnic & Racial Studies. 14, 1.
[171]
Schwarz, Oliver 2016. Two steps forward one step back: what shapes the process of EU enlargement in South-Eastern Europe? (2016).
[172]
Sean Hanley and James Dawson 2017. Poland Was Never as Democratic as It Looked. (2017).
[173]
Sedelmeier, U. 2014. Anchoring Democracy from Above? The European Union and Democratic Backsliding in Hungary and Romania after Accession. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 52, 1 (Jan. 2014), 105–121. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12082.
[174]
Sedelmeier, Ulrich 2014. Anchoring Democracy from Above? The European Union and Democratic Backsliding in Hungary and Romania after Accession. (2014).
[175]
Shugart, Matthew S. 1993. Of Presidents and Parliaments. East European constitutional review. 2, (1993).
[176]
Sjursen, H.1 Why Expand?: The Question of Legitimacy and Justification in the EU%u2019s Enlargement Policy. Journal of Common Market Studies. 40, 3, 491–513.
[177]
Sjursen, H.1 Why Expand?: The Question of Legitimacy and Justification in the EU%u2019s Enlargement Policy. Journal of Common Market Studies. 40, 3, 491–513.
[178]
Slavenka Drakuli%u0107 et al. In the Name of the Peasantry, the Proletariat, and the People: Populisms in Eastern Europe,. 15, 1–9.
[179]
Slavenka Drakuli%u0107 et al. In the Name of the Peasantry, the Proletariat, and the People: Populisms in Eastern Europe,. 15, 1–9.
[180]
Sokol, M. 2001. Central and Eastern Europe a decade after the fall of state-socialism: Regional dimensions of transition processes. (2001).
[181]
Southeast European and Black Sea Studies Special Edition Europeanization and Multi-Level Governance: http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/toc/fbss20/10/1#.UxYKNIUz_1U.
[182]
Stan, Lavinia 2011. Vigilante justice in post-communist Europe. (2011).
[183]
Stanley, Ben 2015. Confrontation by default and confrontation by design: strategic and institutional responses to Poland’s populist coalition government. (2015).
[184]
Stefanova, Boyka 2009. Ethnic nationalism, social structure, and political agency: explaining electoral support for the radical right in Bulgaria. (2009).
[185]
Stepan, A. and Skach, C. 1993. Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation: Parliamentarianism versus Presidentialism. World Politics. 46, 01 (Oct. 1993), 1–22.
[186]
Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way 2002. The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism. (2002).
[187]
Steves, F. 2001. Poland and the international system: external influences on democratic consolidation. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 34, 3 (Sep. 2001), 339–352. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-067X(01)00012-5.
[188]
Subotic, Jelena 2011. Expanding the scope of post-conflict justice: Individual, state and societal responsibility for mass atrocity. (2011).
[189]
Synergies vs. Spheres of Influence in the Pan-European Space | The Centre for European Policy Studies: 2009. http://www.ceps.eu/book/synergies-vs-spheres-influence-pan-european-space.
[190]
Szczerbiak, A. 2001. Polish Public Opinion: Explaining Declining Support for EU Membership. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 39, 1 (Mar. 2001), 105–122. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00278.
[191]
Szczerbiak, A. 2001. Polish Public Opinion: Explaining Declining Support for EU Membership. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies. 39, 1 (Mar. 2001), 105–122. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00278.
[192]
Szczerbiak, A. and Taggart, P. 2004. Conclusion: Towards a Model of (European) Referendums. West European Politics. 27, 4 (Sep. 2004), 749–777. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/0140238042000249849.
[193]
Szczerbiak, A. and Taggart, P. 2004. The Politics of European Referendum Outcomes and Turnout: Two Models. West European Politics. 27, 4 (Sep. 2004), 557–583. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/0140238042000249920.
[194]
Szczerbiak, Aleks 2016. Deepening democratisation? Exploring the declared motives for ‘late’ lustration in Poland. (2016).
[195]
Szczerbiak, Aleks 2014. Explaining patterns of lustration and communist security service file access in post-1989 Poland.
[196]
Szczerbiak, Aleks 2014. The Politics of Transitional Justice.
[197]
Taggart, P. and Szczerbiak, A. 2004. Contemporary Euroscepticism in the party systems of the European Union candidate states of Central and Eastern Europe. European Journal of Political Research. 43, 1 (Jan. 2004), 1–27. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2004.00143.x.
[198]
Tavits, Margit 2012. Organizing for Success: Party Organizational Strength and Electoral Performance in Postcommunist Europe. (2012).
[199]
The European Parliament website: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/search.html.
[200]
The Mortgaging of Ukraine’s Independence | Chatham House: 2010. http://www.chathamhouse.org/publications/papers/view/109440.
[201]
Tiemann, Guido 2012. The Nationalization of political parties and party systems in post-communist Eastern Europe. (2012).
[202]
Tighe, Carl 2016. Lustration – the Polish experience. (2016).
[203]
Tismaneanu, V. 2002. Discomforts of Victory: Democracy, Liberal Values and Nationalism in Post-Communist Europe. West European Politics. 25, 2 (Apr. 2002), 81–100. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/713869600.
[204]
Tomczuk, Sara Jean 2016. Contention, consensus, and memories of communism: Comparing Czech and Slovak memory politics in public spaces, 1993–2012. (2016).
[205]
Tomila Lankina, Alexander Libman, and Anastassia Obydenkova 2016. Authoritarian and Democratic Diffusion in Post-Communist Regions. (2016).
[206]
Trauner, F. 2009. From membership conditionality to policy conditionality: EU external governance in South Eastern Europe. Journal of European Public Policy. 16, 5 (Aug. 2009), 774–790. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760902983564.
[207]
Tzelgov, Eitan 2012. Communist successor parties and government survival in Central Eastern Europe.
[208]
V. Bunce 2001. DEMOCRATIZATION AND ECONOMIC REFORM. (2001).
[209]
Vujacic, Veljko 2003. From class to nation: left, right, and the ideological and institutional roots of post-communist ‘national socialism’. (2003).
[210]
Waterbury, Myra A 2014. Making Citizens Beyond the Borders: Nonresident Ethnic Citizenship in Post-Communist Europe. (2014).
[211]
West European Politics - Special Issue on ‘The Enlarged European Union’: http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/toc/fwep20/25/2#.UxX5GIUz_1U.
[212]
White, Stephen and J. Batt 2007. Chapter 1: Introduction: Defining Central and Eastern Europe. Developments in Central and East European politics 4. Palgrave Macmillan.
[213]
WHITE, STEPHENKOROSTELEVA, JULIA1MCALLISTER, IAN2 A Wider Europe? The View from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Journal of Common Market Studies. 46, 2, 219–241.
[214]
WHITMAN, R.G. and WOLFF, S. 2010. The EU as a conflict manager? The case of Georgia and its implications. International Affairs. 86, 1 (Jan. 2010), 87–107. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2010.00870.x.
[215]
Williams, K. et al. 2005. Explaining lustration in Central Europe: a ‘post-communist politics’ approach. Democratization. 12, 1 (Feb. 2005), 22–43. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/1351034042000317943.
[216]
Wróbel, Szymon 2011. Mourning Populism. The Case of Poland. (2011).
[217]
Youngs, R. 2009. Democracy promotion as external governance? Journal of European Public Policy. 16, 6 (Sep. 2009), 895–915. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760903088272.
[218]
2008. Communist and Post-Communist Studies Special Edition. 41, 4 (2008).
[219]
2007. From Democracy Fatigue to Populist Backlash. Journal of Democracy. 18, 4 (Jan. 2007), 17–25.
[220]
2007. From Democracy Fatigue to Populist Backlash. Journal of Democracy. 18, 4 (Jan. 2007), 17–25.
[221]
2015. Kornai Janos. (2015).
[222]
Now that we are all bundled inside, let’s shut the door - European Union enlargement. The Economist.
[223]
2003. (Review) Postcommunist Democracy: Legacies and Outcomes. (2003).
[224]
The communist torturers of Eastern Europe: Prosecute and punish or forgive and forget? Communist and Post-Communist Studies.
[226]
1994. The Romanian revolution from a theoretical perspective. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 27, 4 (1994).
[227]
When east meets west. The Economist.
