Bibliography for PL2023 Politics and Power in Africa

1.
Cheeseman N, Anderson D, Scheibler A. Routledge Handbook of African Politics. Routledge; 2013. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203

2.
Thomson A. An Introduction to African Politics. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2009. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977

3.
Young T, International African Institute. Readings in African Politics. James Currey; 2002.

4.
Grinker RR, Lubkemann SC, Steiner CB. Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Vol Global perspectives. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

5.
Paul-Henri Bischoff, Kwesi Aning, Amitav Acharya, eds. Africa in Global International Relations: Emerging Approaches to Theory and Practice (Routledge Studies in African Politics and International Relations). Routledge; 2015. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=838711

6.
Crowder M, Oliver R, Fage JD. The Cambridge History of Africa: Vol. 8: From C. 1940 to C. 1975. Cambridge University Press; 1984. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5664740130002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

7.
Kinzer S. A Thousand Hills: Rwandas Re-Birth and the Man Who Dreamed It. Wiley; 2008. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10313721

8.
Somerville K. Africa’s Long Road since Independence: The Many Histories of a Continent. Hurst & Company; 2015.

9.
Thomson A. An Introduction to African Politics. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2009. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977

10.
Grinker RR, Lubkemann SC, Steiner CB. Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Vol Global perspectives. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

11.
Grinker RR, Lubkemann SC, Steiner CB. Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Vol Global perspectives. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

12.
Birmingham D. Empire in Africa: Angola and Its Neighbors. Vol Research in International Studies, Africa Series. Ohio University Press; 2006. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1743675

13.
Castle G. Postcolonial Discourses: An Anthology. Blackwell; 2001.

14.
Penvenne J. Africa since 1940: The Past of the Present (review). Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History. 2003;4(3). doi:10.1353/cch.2004.0015

15.
Cooper F. Africa in the World: Capitalism, Empire, Nation-State. Harvard University Press; 2014. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10846209

16.
Frederick Cooper. Citizenship between Empire and Nation: Remaking France and French Africa, 1945-1960. Princeton University Press; 2014. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=617464

17.
Hargreaves JD. Decolonization in Africa. Vol The Postwar world. 2nd ed. Longman; 1996. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=1757018

18.
Martin PM, O’Meara P. Africa. 3rd ed. Indiana University Press; 1995.

19.
Thomson A. An Introduction to African Politics. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2009. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977

20.
Limb P. The Empire Writes Back: African Challenges to the Brutish (South African) Empire in the Early 20th Century. Journal of Southern African Studies. 2015;41(3):599-616. doi:10.1080/03057070.2015.1028001

21.
Ndlovu-Gatsheni SJ. Fiftieth Anniversary of Decolonisation in Africa: a moment of celebration or critical reflection? Third World Quarterly. 2012;33(1):71-89. doi:10.1080/01436597.2012.627236

22.
Talton B. The Challenge of Decolonization in Africa. http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay-challenge-of-decolonization-africa.html

23.
Olender M. Integrating Africa: Decolonization’s Legacies, Sovereignty and the African Union. Politikon. 2014;41(1):163-165. doi:10.1080/02589346.2014.885687

24.
REID R. Horror, hubris and humanity: the international engagement with Africa, 1914-2014. International Affairs. 2014;90(1):143-166. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12100

25.
Omeje K. Markets or Oligopolies of Violence? The Case of Sudan. African Security. 2010;3(3):168-189. doi:10.1080/19392206.2010.503856

26.
Nhema A, Zeleza PT. Roots of African Conflicts: The Causes and Costs. Ohio University Press; 2008. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3026965

27.
The Algerian Question in Nkrumah’s Ghana, 1958–1960: Debating ‘Violence’ and ‘Nonviolence’ in African Decolonization. Africa Today. 57(2):67-84. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v057/57.2.ahlman.html

28.
Rodney W. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Pambazuka Press; 2012. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=5559192

29.
Gilley B. Chinua Achebe on the positive legacies of colonialism. African Affairs. 2016;115(461):646-663. doi:10.1093/afraf/adw030

30.
Bayart J. Africa in the World: A History of Extraversion. African Affairs. 99, (2000).

31.
Pheko M. Effects of colonialism on Africa’s past and present. 31 May 2012. http://www.pambazuka.org/global-south/effects-colonialism-africas-past-and-present

32.
Beresford A. Africa rising? Review of African Political Economy. 2016;43(147):1-7. doi:10.1080/03056244.2016.1149369

33.
Taylor I. Dependency redux: why Africa is not rising. Review of African Political Economy. 2016;43(147):8-25. doi:10.1080/03056244.2015.1084911

34.
Cheeseman N, Anderson D, Scheibler A. Routledge Handbook of African Politics. Routledge; 2013. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203

35.
Thomson A. An Introduction to African Politics. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2009. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977

36.
Grinker RR, Lubkemann SC, Steiner CB. Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Vol Global perspectives. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

37.
Cheeseman N. Democracy in Africa: Successes, Failures, and the Struggle for Political Reform. Vol New approaches to African history. Cambridge University Press; 2015.

38.
Cowen MP, Laasko L. Multi-Party Elections in Africa. James Currey; 2001.

39.
Young T, International African Institute. Readings in African Politics. James Currey; 2002.

40.
Mohan G, Zack-Williams T, Review of African political economy. The Politics of Transition in Africa: State, Democracy & Economic Development in Africa. Vol ROAPE African readers. James Currey; 2002.

41.
Abrahamsen R. African democracy - still disciplined after all these years? International Relations. 2013;27(2):241-246. doi:10.1177/0047117813489655c

42.
Adrienne Lebas. From Protest to Parties: Party-Building And Democratization In Africa. Oxford University Press, Usa; Reprint edition; 2013. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=428738

43.
Anchoring the ‘D-Word’ in Africa. Journal of Democracy. 2010;21(4):106-113. doi:10.1353/jod.2010.0006

44.
Abrahamsen R. The power of partnerships in global governance. Third World Quarterly. 2004;25(8):1453-1467. doi:10.1080/0143659042000308465

45.
Abbay A. Diversity and democracy in Ethiopia. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2009;3(2):175-201. doi:10.1080/17531050902972428

46.
Degila DE. Neopatrimonialism in Africa and Beyond. African Affairs. 2014;113(453):623-625. doi:10.1093/afraf/adu052

47.
Burnet JE. Gender Balance and the Meanings of Women in Governance in Post-Genocide Rwanda. African Affairs. 2008;107(428):361-386. doi:10.1093/afraf/adn024

48.
Anne Pitcher, Mary H. Moran and Michael Johnston. Rethinking Patrimonialism and Neopatrimonialism in Africa. African Studies Review. 2009;52(1):125-156. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27667425?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

49.
Daniel Bach. Neopatrimonialism in Africa and beyond (Routledge Studies on African Politics and International Relations). Routledge; 2012. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=346173

50.
Parisot J. American Power, East Asian Regionalism and Emerging Powers: or empire? Third World Quarterly. 2013;34(7):1159-1174. doi:10.1080/01436597.2013.824655

51.
Bøås M, Torheim LE. The Trouble in Mali—corruption, collusion, resistance. Third World Quarterly. 2013;34(7):1279-1292. doi:10.1080/01436597.2013.824647

52.
Booysen S. ‘Choice Between Malaria and Cholera’ or ‘Democratic Façade’: The 2006 Elections in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Politikon. 2007;34(1):1-18. doi:10.1080/02589340701336179

53.
Collier P. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done about It. Oxford University Press; 2007. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663029610002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

54.
A Du Pisani. New Sites of Governance. In: Theory, Change and the Future for Southern Africa. Palgrave Macmillan; 2000. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/Doc?id=10044879

55.
Deegan H. Politics South Africa. 2nd ed. Pearson Longman; 2011.

56.
Ozor FU. Electoral Process, Democracy and Governance in Africa: Search for an Alternative Democratic Model. Politikon. 2009;36(2):315-336. doi:10.1080/02589340903240302

57.
de Jager N. Liberation Movements in Power: Party & State in Southern Africa. Politikon. 2014;41(1):162-163. doi:10.1080/02589346.2014.885685

58.
Grove A. The International Politics of Survival: The Case of Mugabe’s Staying Power. Politikon. 2011;38(2):275-294. doi:10.1080/02589346.2011.580127

59.
Hamill J. A (Qualified) Reaffirmation of ANC Hegemony: Assessing South Africa’s 2009 Election. Politikon. 2010;37(1):3-23. doi:10.1080/02589346.2010.492147

60.
FISHER J, ANDERSON DM. Authoritarianism and the securitization of development in Africa. International Affairs. 2015;91(1):131-151. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12190

61.
Gaynor N. Between Citizenship and Clientship: The Politics of Participatory Governance in Malawi. Journal of Southern African Studies. 2010;36(4):801-816. doi:10.1080/03057070.2010.527637

62.
Hamill J, Hoffman J. ‘Quiet Diplomacy’ or Appeasement? South African Policy towards Zimbabwe. The Round Table. 2009;98(402):373-384. doi:10.1080/00358530902895584

63.
Joseph Hanlon, Teresa Smart. Do Bicycles Equal Development in Mozambique? James Currey; Reissue edition; 2010. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=262118

64.
Klein N. The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism. 1st ed. Metropolitan Books; 2007.

65.
MEREDITH TC. The Challenge for Africa: A New Vision by Wangari Maathai. Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien. 2011;55(3):391-392. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0064.2011.00369.x

66.
Maathai W. The Challenge for Africa. Arrow; 2010.

67.
Macdonald G. Racial Politics and Campaign Strategy in South Africa’s 2009 Election. Politikon. 2015;42(2):155-176. doi:10.1080/02589346.2015.1005792

68.
Melber H. Post-liberation Democratic Authoritarianism: The Case of Namibia. Politikon. 2015;42(1):45-66. doi:10.1080/02589346.2015.1005790

69.
Prevost G. The evolution of the African National Congress in power: From revolutionaries to social democrats? Politikon. 2006;33(2):163-181. doi:10.1080/02589340600884584

70.
Reyntjens F. Constructing the truth, dealing with dissent, domesticating the world: Governance in post-genocide Rwanda. African Affairs. 2011;110(438):1-34. doi:10.1093/afraf/adq075

71.
Mehler A. Rebels and parties: the impact of armed insurgency on representation in the Central African Republic. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 2011;49(01):115-139. doi:10.1017/S0022278X10000674

72.
Southall R. The black middle class and democracy in South Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 2014;52(04):647-670. doi:10.1017/S0022278X14000445

73.
Steans J. Gender and International Relations: Theory, Practice, Policy. 3rd. ed. Polity; 2013. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780745678696

74.
De Jager N, Du Toit P van der P. Friend or Foe?: Dominant Party Systems in Southern Africa : Insights from the Developing World. United Nations University Press; 2013.

75.
Suttner R. Party Dominance ‘Theory’: Of What Value? Politikon. 2006;33(3):277-297. doi:10.1080/02589340601122901

76.
Reyntjens F. Rwanda: Progress or Powder Keg? Journal of Democracy. 2015;26(3):19-33. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0043

77.
Lewis P, Kew D. Nigeria’s Hopeful Election. Journal of Democracy. 2015;26(3):94-109. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0039

78.
Azevedo-Harman E. Patching Things Up in Mozambique. Journal of Democracy. 2015;26(2):139-150. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0036

79.
Joseph R. Growth, Security, and Democracy in Africa. Journal of Democracy. 2014;25(4):61-75. doi:10.1353/jod.2014.0060

80.
Opalo KO. African Elections: Two Divergent Trends. Journal of Democracy. 2012;23(3):80-93. doi:10.1353/jod.2012.0039

81.
Gyimah-Boadi E, Prempeh HK. Oil, Politics, and Ghana’s Democracy. Journal of Democracy. 2012;23(3):94-108. doi:10.1353/jod.2012.0042

82.
Dizolele MP, Kambale PK. The DRC’s Crumbling Legitimacy. Journal of Democracy. 2012;23(3):109-120. doi:10.1353/jod.2012.0045

83.
Constraining Government Power in Africa. Journal of Democracy. 22(1):96-106. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/journal_of_democracy/v022/22.1.akech.html

84.
The Mirage of Democracy in the DRC. Journal of Democracy. 2010;21(3):143-157. doi:10.1353/jod.0.0189

85.
Mozambique’s Slide into One-Party Rule. Journal of Democracy. 2010;21(2):151-165. doi:10.1353/jod.0.0165

86.
Imperial Presidency and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria. Africa Today. 59(1):43-68. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v059/59.1.isumonah.html

87.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo? Corruption, Patronage, and Competitive Authoritarianism in the DRC. Africa Today. 56(4):42-61. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v056/56.4.matti.html

88.
Fallon, Kathleen M. Democracy and the Rise of Women’s Movements in Sub-Saharan Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press; 2010. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10376670

89.
Ahluwalia DPS. Politics and Post-Colonial Theory: African Inflections. Routledge; 2001. http://le.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?operation=resolveService&package_service_id=5663029350002746&institutionId=2746&customerId=2745

90.
Bauer G, Taylor SD. Politics in Southern Africa: State and Society in Transition. Lynne Rienner Publishers; 2005.

91.
Ainslie A, Kepe T. Understanding the Resurgence of Traditional Authorities in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies. 2016;42(1):19-33. doi:10.1080/03057070.2016.1121714

92.
Lancaster C. Democratisation in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Survival. 1993;35(3):38-50. doi:10.1080/00396339308442698

93.
Abrahamsen R, Bareebe G. Uganda’s 2016 elections: Not even faking it anymore. African Affairs. 2016;115(461):751-765. doi:10.1093/afraf/adw056

94.
Meger S. The failure of democracy in the Republic of Congo. Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 2011;29(2):235-237. doi:10.1080/02589001.2011.562006

95.
Porter, Elisabeth J. Researching Conflict in Africa : Insights and Experiences. United Nations University Press; 2005. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10120724

96.
Furley O. Conflict in Africa. Tauris Academic Studies; 1995.

97.
Mlambo, Norman. Violent Conflicts, Fragile Peace : Perspectives on Africa’s Security Problems. Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd; 2008. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10594073

98.
Thomson A. An Introduction to African Politics. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2009. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977

99.
Mohan G, Zack-Williams T, Review of African political economy. The Politics of Transition in Africa: State, Democracy & Economic Development in Africa. Vol ROAPE African readers. James Currey; 2002.

100.
Grinker RR, Lubkemann SC, Steiner CB. Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Vol Global perspectives. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

101.
Major L, Fontein J. Corporealities of violence in southern and eastern Africa. Critical African Studies. 2015;7(2):89-98. doi:10.1080/21681392.2015.1055549

102.
Peltier JPN. Rethinking Africa’s Military. American Foreign Policy Interests. 2010;32(4):219-228. doi:10.1080/10803920.2010.501208

103.
Weiss TG, International Peace Academy. Humanitarian Emergencies and Military Help in Africa. Vol Issues in peacekeeping and peacemaking. Macmillan in association with International Peace Academy; 1990.

104.
Gutteridge W, Spence JE. Violence in Southern Africa. Vol Cass series on political violence. Frank Cass; 1997.

105.
Kaldor M. New and Old Wars. 3rd ed. Polity Press; 2012.

106.
Karlsrud J. The UN at war: examining the consequences of peace-enforcement mandates for the UN peacekeeping operations in the CAR, the DRC and Mali. Third World Quarterly. 2015;36(1):40-54. doi:10.1080/01436597.2015.976016

107.
Mendes C. Virtuous War: Mapping the Military-Industrial Media-Entertainment Network. Politikon. 2011;38(3):469-470. doi:10.1080/02589346.2011.548853

108.
Obiyo R. One Report of the Joint Investigating Team on the Strategic Defence Procurement Packages, Too Many! Politikon. 2006;33(3):361-385. doi:10.1080/02589340601127660

109.
Seegers A, Taylor S. Transformation in the South African Military: A Study of the Gender-Representivity Component in the South African Navy. Politikon. 2008;35(3):357-378. doi:10.1080/02589340903020670

110.
Williams PD. Reflections on the Evolving African Peace and Security Architecture. African Security. 2014;7(3):147-162. doi:10.1080/19392206.2014.939886

111.
Brosig M. Introduction: The African Security Regime Complex—Exploring Converging Actors and Policies. African Security. 2013;6(3-4):171-190. doi:10.1080/19392206.2013.854088

112.
Barron T. The Soldier and the State in the Congo Crisis: The Unprofessional Legacy of the National Congolese Army. African Security. 2013;6(2):97-132. doi:10.1080/19392206.2013.788407

113.
Bachmann J, Gelot L. Between Protection and Stabilization? Addressing the Tensions in Contemporary Western Interventions in Africa: An Introduction. African Security. 2012;5(3-4):129-141. doi:10.1080/19392206.2012.732883

114.
Andersen LR. Something’s Gotta Give: Security Sector Reform and United Nations Peace Operations. African Security. 2012;5(3-4):217-235. doi:10.1080/19392206.2012.732894

115.
Peltier JPN. Rethinking Africa’s Military. American Foreign Policy Interests. 2010;32(4):219-228. doi:10.1080/10803920.2010.501208

116.
ECOWAS and Regional Peacekeeping Integration in West Africa: Lessons for the Future. Africa Today. 57(2):3-24. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v057/57.2.arthur.html

117.
Ojo EO. The Military and the Challenge of Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria: Positive Scepticism and Negative Optimism. Insight on Africa. 2014;6(1):57-79. doi:10.1177/0975087814532585

118.
Ozkan M. When a Giant became a ‘Reluctant Peacekeeper’: South Africa and Peacekeeping Operations between 1994-2003. Insight on Africa. 2013;5(2):129-138. doi:10.1177/0975087813515980

119.
Firsing S. Thinking through the role of Africa’s militaries in peacekeeping: the cases of Nigeria, Ethiopia and Rwanda. South African Journal of International Affairs. 2014;21(1):45-67. doi:10.1080/10220461.2014.894685

120.
Powell J, Lasley T, Schiel R. Combating Coups d’état in Africa, 1950–2014. Studies in Comparative International Development. Published online 7 January 2016. doi:10.1007/s12116-015-9210-6

121.
Cheeseman N, Anderson D, Scheibler A. Routledge Handbook of African Politics. Routledge; 2013. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=463203

122.
Thomson A. An Introduction to African Politics. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2009. http://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=263977

123.
Grinker RR, Lubkemann SC, Steiner CB. Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Vol Global perspectives. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

124.
Castle G. Postcolonial Discourses: An Anthology. Blackwell; 2001.

125.
Young T, International African Institute. Readings in African Politics. James Currey; 2002.

126.
Mhlanga B. Ethnicity or tribalism? The discursive construction of Zimbabwean national identity. African Identities. 2013;11(1):47-60. doi:10.1080/14725843.2013.775840

127.
Kinzer S. A Thousand Hills: Rwandas Re-Birth and the Man Who Dreamed It. Wiley; 2008. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10313721

128.
Rothchild DS. Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa: Pressures and Incentives for Cooperation. Brookings Institution Press; 1997. http://ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=46925

129.
Southern N. The Government of National Unity and the Demise of the National Party in Post-settlement South Africa. Politikon. 2015;42(2):235-254. doi:10.1080/02589346.2015.1041672

130.
Horowitz DL. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. 2nd ed. University of California Press; 2000.

131.
Medani KM. Strife and Secession in Sudan. Journal of Democracy. 2011;22(3):135-149. doi:10.1353/jod.2011.0053

132.
Cameron H. The French Connection: Complicity in the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda. African Security. 2015;8(2):96-119. doi:10.1080/19392206.2015.1036669

133.
Christian PJ. Darfur—Ground Zero for Africa’s Crises of Identity: A Psychohistoriography of Tribes in Conflict. African Security. 2013;6(1):1-37. doi:10.1080/19392206.2013.759457

134.
Totten S, Parsons WS. Centuries of Genocide: Essays and Eyewitness Accounts. 4th ed. Routledge; 2013.

135.
Gruffydd Jones B. From rupture to revolution: race, culture and the practice of anti-colonial thought. African Identities. 2015;13(1):4-17. doi:10.1080/14725843.2015.1048064

136.
Nhema A, Zeleza PT. Roots of African Conflicts: The Causes and Costs. Ohio University Press; 2008. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=3026965

137.
Dallaire R, Beardsley B. Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda. Arrow; 2004.

138.
Barnett, Michael. Eyewitness to a Genocide : The United Nations and Rwanda. Cornell University Press; 2002. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/leicester/detail.action?docID=10559184

139.
Chari T. Representation or misrepresentation? The ’s framing of the 1994 Rwanda genocide. African Identities. 2010;8(4):333-349. doi:10.1080/14725843.2010.513242

140.
Côte d’Ivoire: Ethnic Turmoil and Foreign Intervention. Africa Today. 61(2):40-55. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v061/61.2.el-khawas.html

141.
Dallaire R. The Lessons of Rwanda. Refugee Survey Quarterly. 2004;23(4):19-27. doi:10.1093/rsq/23.4.19

142.
Mwakikagile G. Identity Politics and Ethnic Conflicts in Rwanda and Burundi: A Comparative Study. 1st ed. New Africa Press; 2012.

143.
Gourevitch P. We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families: Stories from Rwanda. Picador; 1999.

144.
Clark P. Ethnicity, Leadership and Conflict Mediation in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: The Case of the. Journal of Eastern African Studies. 2008;2(1):1-17. doi:10.1080/17531050701846682

145.
Introduction: Postliberation Eritrea. Africa Today. 60(2):v-xix. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v060/60.2.woldemikael.html

146.
Ethnicity and Electoral Politics in Ghana’s Fourth Republic. Africa Today. 56(2):45-73. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy3.lib.le.ac.uk/journals/africa_today/v056/56.2.arthur.html

147.
Amone C. Contructivism, instrumentalism and the rise of Acholi ethnic identity in northern Uganda. African Identities. 2015;13(2):129-143. doi:10.1080/14725843.2015.1023255

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